This article was aimed to study on clinical application of Shanyao (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) in each historical period, which can offer some suggestions for clinical doctors to use Shanyao correctly. A total of 668 pieces of formulae containing Shanyao were recorded from the classic format Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula. And then, statistic analysis was made on the emerging frequency according to its effect. The results showed that different effects of Shanyao started to be widely applied from the Song dynasty. It was most widely applied in the Ming and Qing dynasty. Nowadays, the difference between using Shanyao has been gradually decreased. During the whole historical period, clinical functions of Shanyao are mainly reinforcing the spleen and the stomach, tonifying the kidney and strengthening yin. However, clinical functions of reinforcing the kidney and restraining yin, tonifying the lung and promoting fluid are used secondly. It was concluded that the research analyzed clinical application of Shanyao in each historical period, which can offer scientific basis for clinical practice and health maintenance with the using of Shanyao.

This study was aimed to optimize extraction process of formula granules of Clematis chinensis Osbeck and establish its qualitative discrimination method. With oleanolic acid, hederagenin and extract rate as indexes, extraction technology conditions of formula granules of C. chinensis Osbeck were investigated by L9 (34) orthogonal test method. TLC was used in the qualitative discrimination of formula granules of C. chinensis Osbeck. The results showed that optimum extraction technology was: adding 12 times of water; soaking for 0.5 h; cooking for 1 h; and extracting for 3 times. TLC had the diagnostic characteristic for the distinct spot which illustrated the specificity. It was concluded that the extraction process was reasonable, simple and feasible with high extraction efficiency of ef-fective contents, which can be the scientific basis for production and quality control of formula granules of C. chin-ensis Osbeck.

This study was aimed to carry out the research by statistics to analyze the influence of specific clinical function of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. from the viewpoint of prescription in order to summarize its rules. Formula containing D. opposita Thunb. in the classic book of the Formula Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine were recorded. The prescription type of D. opposita Thunb. was taken as the mainline. Excellwas used in the chart analy-sis. The results showed that for the function of reinforcing spleen-stomach, the effect of powder was increased, but the effect of pill was reduced. For the function of reinforcing lung and generating essence, the effect of decoction was significantly increased, but the effect of pill was significantly reduced. For the function of reinforcing kidney-yin, the effect of pill was significantly increased, but the effect of decoction was reduced. For the function of strengthening the kidney and restraining yin, the effect of powder was reduced. It was concluded that preparation had a strong in-fluence on the clinical function of D. opposita Thunb., which provided references for both clinical practice and health cultivation.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the factors of preparing pheophrobide from silkworm excrement and raise the yield of pheophrobide.METHODS:Based on the extraction rate of chlorophyll,acetone method was compared with alcohol method and the preparing factors of acetone method was optimized by orthogonal design.RESULTS:The best conditions for pheophrobide preparation included grinding silkworm excrement into powder with particle size all below 250μ m,softening the powder more then 5h with water 1/10 the volume of powder,extracting the powder with acetone three times the volume of powder at 70℃ for two times 60min each,regulating pH of the liquid to 2.5 with HCl solution.CONCLUSION:The water and acetone volume was more important than other factors,the yield of pheophrobide was raised 3.6 times after optimization

Many datas show that thrombosis related events during chemotherapy in patients with cancer increase obviously.Thromboprophylaxis in patients receiving chemotherapy has been shown to not only improve the hypercoagulable states and effectively prevent thrombosis,but also have the potential antitumor effect and prolong the patients over survival.

Objective To investigate the hemostatic effect of balloon compression on the puncture site in cancer patients with peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) inserted by ultrasound-guided modified Seldinger technique (MST). Methods Between October 2015 to January 2016, 50 cancer patients who accepted PICC inserted by ultrasound-guided MST were assigned into test group and control group respectively according to the admission time.Each group contained 25 cases. Balloon compression method was used to stop bleeding of the puncture point in the test group, while bandage compression hemostasis adopted in the control group. Results The incidence of bleeding on puncture site in the last 24 h of PICC placement was 28% (7/25) in the test group, while 68% (17/25) in the control group, and there were statistical differences between the groups (Z=-2.653,P<0.01). The incidence of bleeding on puncture site in 24-72 h of PICC placement was 16% (4/25) in the test group, while 36% (9/25) in the control group, and the difference had statistical significance (Z=-1.679,P>0.05). The incidence of limb swelling or numbness in the test group was 8% (2/25),which was lower than 32% (8/25) in the control group, and the difference had statistical significance (χ2=4.5,P < 0.05). Conclusions Balloon compression method can reduce the bleeding ratio of puncture site in cancer patients with PICC inserted by ultrasound-guided MST,and can relieve limb swelling or numbness .It is simple and safe in operation and can be easily accepted by the patients .

Citrullination is a post-translational modification of arginine caused by peptidyl arginine deiminase in the presence of calcium ions.Up-regulation of citrullination plays a significant role in the progress of numerous disorders,and it has important physiologic and pathological significance.High-throughput and quantitative methods with high specificity and sensitivity are still needed to identify the citrullinated sites in tissue cells.With the development of chemical derivatization and mass spectrometry, new rapid and accurate proteomics technology still has a good prospect of development and application.This article aimed to provide new ideas and directions to identify the citrullinated sites in the complex biological samples by introducing strategies available to identify citrullinated peptides, such as color development reagent analysis, immunodetection and mass spectrometry.

Exosomes are small lipid bilayer vesicle structure automatically secreted by diverse cell types in vivo which have been found to be released by various cell types and isolated from most body fluids and rich in protein,lipids and RNA.Exosomes are new medium of communication between cells,providing functional protein,the mRNA transcription and miRNA receptor cells,participating in the physiological and pathological processes of cells.It is considered as a biomarker of disease vectors In recent years,the clinical application value of exosomes attracted the attention of researchers in the monitoring of disease,autoimmune diseases,ischemic diseases,cancer and neurodegenerative disease treatment.This paper will focus on the current studies on exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of the nervous system diseases.

Objective To make sure if there is single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP) of c135 in RET proto-oncogene in Han ethnic group of Shaan Xi,China and investigate the relationship between Hirschsprung disease(HSCR) and SNP of RET proto-oncogene c135.Methods A total of 40 blood samples were collected from healthy donors through cluster sampling in Xi'an,Shaan Xi province.Sixteen tissues in aganglionic segments of HSCR were studied(they were all sporadic in Han ethnic group of Shaan Xi province of China and diagnosed by pathology).DNA was isolated from above samples and PCR amplified.The fragment of products were 300 case pairs(bp) which located in RET exon2 including c135.All of fragments were purified and directly sequenced and analyzed by related software and statistical methods.Results There really existed the single nucleotide polymorphisms of c135 A/G of RET in controls.A,G allele frequency was 0.475 and 0.525,respectively,and there was no distinctive dominant genotype.In patient group,A,G allele frequency was 0.844 and 0.156,respectively.c135A genotype was dominant in patients.There was significant statistical difference between patients and controls in RET c135A/G(PA.There is relationship between the disease and the c135 A genotype of RET.c135A genotype in the RET proto-oncogene are over-expressed in patients with Hirschsprung disease.

Objective: To develop a Constructive Thinking Scale for Chinese pupils. Methods: Data were collected from a sample of 302 primary school pupils tested with the Constructive Thinking Scale. Results: ①Item analysis showed that the Constructive Thinking Scale had satisfactory item discrimination; ②The Constructive Thinking Scale had a satisfactory reliability with a 0.83 test-retest reliability, and the Cronbach’s ? was 0.88; ③The result of EFA had five factors, and the range of factor loading was between 0.36 and 0.75. The final revised questionnaire included 23 items, which could explain 53.13% of the total variances. The scale had an ideal criterion validity. Conclusion: The Constructive Thinking Scale for pupils has ideal reliability and validity, and can be used in assessing Chinese pupils’ constructive thinking .