AIM: To investigate the action of diltiazem (a calcium antagonist) on the expression of heme oxygenase (HO) -1 and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the small pulmonary arteries (SPA) of rat in chronic hypoxia. METHODS: Chronic pulmonary arterial hypertension models were established by treating the rats in hypoxic environment[(10%?1%)O 2] for 6 weeks. After 2 weeks of hypoxia, rats were treated with diltiazem (15 mg/kg/day). Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI) were measured. Pathological changes in the lungs were observed under the light microscope and transmission electron microscope. The expression and distribution of heme oxygenase (HO) -1, endothelial NOS (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) were tested by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Guanosine-3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) of lung tissues were detected with radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Diltiazem significantly decreased abnormal RVSP, and RVHI in model rats, attenuated the SPA media thickeness, and recovered abnormal eNOS and iNOS expression in SPA. Whereas diltiazem had little effect on the increased HO-1 expression in SPA caused by hypoxia and ultrastructure injury in endothelium. cGMP levels were corresponded with HO-1. CONCLUSION: Diltiazem has a significant effect on inhibiting hypoxic pulmonary hypertension structural remodeling. These effects might be partly attributed to the suppression of iNOS, promotion of eNOS, and not attenuation HO-1 expression in the lung of hypoxic rats.

The main chemical composition of Arecae Semen has been summarized, which can bring the pharmacological action and toxicological action to the nervous system, digestive system, cardiovascular system, urinary and reproductive system. Arecae Semen has inhibition and killing effect to most parasite. It can also activate the cholinergic receptor, promote gastrointestinal propulsive motility in mice and inhibit helicobacter pylori, Xu Lang schoenleinii, influenza virus. Arecae Semen chewing results in oral mucositis fibrosis, which has not only carcinogenic mutagenic effect but also eproductive and nervous system toxicity. And Chinese medicine Yinpian use Arecae Semen of compatibility has no adverse reaction reports.
Animals ; Areca ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; toxicity ; Humans ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of the different combinations of the main active parts in Yangyintongnao granule on the pharmacokinetics parameters of the two active components--ligustrazine and puerarin using the method of total amount statistic moment for pharmacokinetics.

METHODCombinations were formed according to the dosages of the four active parts (alkaloid, flavone, saponin, naphtha) by orthogonal experiment L9 (3(4)). Blood concentrations of ligustrazine and puerarin were determinated by HPLC at different time. Zero rank moment (AUC) and one rank moment (MRT, mean residence time) of ligustrazine and puerarin have been worked out to calculate the total amount statistic moment parameters was analyzed of Yangyintongnao granule by the method of the total amount statistic moment. The influence of different compatibilities on the pharmacokinetics parameters was analyzed by orthogonal test.

RESULTFlavone has the strongest effect than saponin on the total AUC. Ligustrazine has the strongest effect on the total MRT. Saponin has little effect on the two parameters, but naphtha has more effect on both of them. It indicates that naphtha may promote metabolism of ligustrazine and puerarin in rat.

CONCLUSIONTotal amount statistic moment parameters can be used to guide for compatibilities of TCM.

Animals ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy

Objective: To investigate the change of hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) titer and its long-term protection and infection rates between 1 and 3-year-old children whose mothers were chronic hepatitis B pregnant woman with HBeAg positive and high viral load after successful blocking of mother-to-child transmission. Methods: One-year-old children whose mothers were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive, with HBV DNA≥10⁶IU/ml were enrolled, then were followed up till 3 years old, and tested the five serological markers of hepatitis B and biochemical parameters at the age of one and three years respectively, and analyzed HBsAb titer, positive rate, negative rate and infection rate of 1 to 3-year-old children without enhanced vaccination; meanwhile, data of HBsAb titers at the age of 7 months were collected HBsAb titer, positive rate, and negative rate were analyzed. Results: Totally 264 1-year-old children were enrolled into the study, including 178 children without enhanced vaccination between seven months and 1 year of age, and 114 children without enhanced vaccination between 1 year and 3 years of age. Our result showed that there were no infected children at the age between 1 and 3 years. HBsAb titer decreased from 7 months to 1 year old and dropped from 1 000 IU/L to 509.43 IU/L (P<0.05), and the antibody was still protective. From 1 year to 3 years old, HBsAb titer dropped from 466.72 IU/L to 67.3 IU/L (P< 0.05); at the age of 3 years, 60.52 % children were either weakly positive or negative, but still protective, but significantly less than those who had the reinforced vaccination. As a result , the children without the enhanced vaccination between 1 and 3 years of age were still at high risk. Conclusions If the antibody was protective at 7 months, children were not easily infected between 1 year and 3 years of age. At the age of 3, the antibody dropped to low or no responsive levels, and the children were still at high risk. It is necessary to take protective measures and supplement the vaccine.