Objective To detect the ocular fundus hemodynamic changes in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment before and after the scleral buckling procedure by Heidelberg retina flowmeter,and analyse the related influential factors. Methods Heidelberg retina flowmeter was employed to measure the volume,flow and velocity in retinal vessels of the impaired eyes in 47 patients with unilateral rhegmatogenous retinal detachments 1 day before and 1 week,1 month and 3 months after scleral buckling procedure.The contralateral eyes were served as controls. ResultsThere were significant differences in the volume,flow and velocity of retinal vessels between the impared eyes and controls preoperation and postoperation(P

Esophageal Atresia ; complications ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Respiratory System Abnormalities ; complications ; Trachea ; abnormalities ; Tracheoesophageal Fistula ; complications

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of warm needling combined with Zhangmo decoction (see text) on endometrial receptivity in patients with clomiphene (CC)-induced ovulation.

METHODSOne hundred and sixty cases were randomly divided into a CC group (group A), a CC+ progynova group (group B), a CC+ Zhangmo decoction group (group C) and a CC+ Zhangmo decoction + warm needling group (group D), 40 cases in each one. In the Group A, CC alone was applied. In the group B, progynova was jointly used on the 8th day of menstrual cycle. In the Group C, Zhangmo decoction was jointly used on the 5th day of menstrual cycle. In the group D, based on treatment of the Zhangmo decoction, warm needling was applied at Guanyuan (CV 4), Zhongji (CV 3) and Zigong (EX-CA 1) etc. The endometrial thickness and type, pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), ratio of S/D on day of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and pregnancy rate were observed in fou groups.

RESULTSThe PI, RI and S/D in the group C and D were obviously lower than those in group A and B (all P < 0.01). The endometrial thickness was (7.7 +/- 1.49) mm in group B, (8.2 +/- 1.54) mm in group C and (8.9 +/- 1.51) mm in group D, which were significantly different from (6.4 5 +/- 1.26) mm in the group A (all P < 0.01) also there was a significant difference between group C and D (P < 0.05). The rate of endometrial type A was 65.0% in the group D, which was significantly higer than 27.5% in the group A, 32.5% in the group B and 35.0% in the group C (all P < 0.01). The pregnancy rate was 30.0% in the group D, which was obviously higher than 12.5% in the group A, 15.0% in the group B and 17.5% in the group C (P < 0.05). The endometrial thickness and rate of endometrial type A in the pregnant were obviously higher than those in the non-pregnant (both P < 0.01) while PI, RI and S/D was lower than those in the non-pregnant (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONWarm needing combined with Zhangmo decoction could improve endometrial thickness, morphology and uterine spiral artery to improve pregnancy rate, which has superior effect to clomiphene, clomiphene combined with progynova and clomiphene combined with Zhangmo decoction.

Chorionic Gonadotropin ; metabolism ; Clomiphene ; administration & dosage ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Infertility, Female ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Ovulation Induction ; Pregnancy

Objective To develop a new type of electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of ochratoxin A (OTA ) . Methods Double layers of self‐assembly immunosensor for the detection of OTA were constructed based on the composite single‐walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)/chitosan(CS) membrane immobilized on glassy carbon electrode(GC) .Scanning electron mi‐croscopy(SEM) ,square wave voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry were used to analyze the characterization of the sensor ,then its specificity for detection was studied .Results SWNTs/CS composit membrane could increase the sensitivity of OTA detection sig‐nificantly ,and effectively distinguish the different types of mycotoxins .Conclusion The electrochemical immunosensor developed in the study is easy to operate and could detect OTA rapidly with good specificity and low detection limit .

[Objective]To explore the intracellular antimicrobial activities of erythromycin,ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin,moxifloxacin against Legionella pneumophila.[Methods]The minimum inhibition concentration(MIC)of each antibiotic was evaluated by E-test method and microdilution method respectively.The minimal extracellular concentration inhibiting intracellular multiplication(MIEC)of each antibiotic was evaluated by the MTT colorimetric assay system.[Results]The MIC concentration for each drug by E-test method were:erythromycin,0.047 μg/mL;ciprofloxacin,0.38 μg/mL;levofloxacin,0.125 μg/mL;moxifloxacin,0.125 μg/mL,the MIC concentrations for each drug by microdilution method were:erythromycin,0.125 μg/mL;ciprofloxacin,0.03 μg/mL;levofloxacin,0.016 μg/mL;moxifloxacin,0.016 μg/mL.The MIEC concentration for each drug were:erythromycin,0.25 μg/mL;ciprofloxacin,0.016 μg/mL;levofloxacin,0.016 μg/mL;moxifloxacin,0.004 μg/mL.[Conclusions]Fluoroquinolones have superior activity than erythromycin in U937 cells infected with L.pneumophila.Moxifloxacin is the most potent drug among the four tested antimicrobials.Our results indicated that the MTT assay system allows comparative and quantitative evaluations of the intracellular activities of antibiotics against L,pneumophila and efficient processing of a large number of samples.

OBJECTIVETo explore the potential effect of Guizhi plus Gegen Decoction (GGD) in improving learning and memory of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced neuroinflammatory mice and its possible mechanisms.

METHODSTotally 63 male ICR mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., the normal control (n = 13), the model group (n = 13), the low dose GGD group (n = 10), the high dose GGD group (n = 14), and the positive control group (n = 13). Mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (0.33 mg/kg) to induce Alzheimer's disease (AD) model. Mice in the high and the low dose GGD groups were administered with 12 g/kg or 6 g/kg by gastrogavage for 4 successive weeks. Mice in the control group were intraperitoneally injected with minocycline (50 mg/kg) for 3 days. By the end of treatment LPS were injected 4 h before behavior test each day, and then behavior test was conducted in mice of each group. Effect of GGD on learning and memory of AD mice was observed by using open field test, novel object recognition task, and Morris water maze.

RESULTSOpen field test showed there was no statistical difference in the movement time and the movement distance among all groups (P > 0.05), suggesting that LPS and GGD had no effect on locomotor activities of mice. In novel object recognition test, AD mice spent significantly shorter time to explore novel object after they were induced by LPS (P < 0.05), while for AD mice in the low and high dose GGD groups, their capacities for exploration and memory were significantly improved (P < 0. 05, P < 0.01). Results of Morris water maze showed that AD mice exhibited increased escape latency (P < 0.05) and spent much less time in swimming across the original platform (both P < 0.05). However, AD mice in the low and high dose GGD groups had obvious shortened latency and increased time percentage for swimming (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONGGD possessed certain improvement in learning and memory disorder of LPS induced AD mice.

Alzheimer Disease ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Lipopolysaccharides ; adverse effects ; Male ; Memory Disorders ; prevention & control ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Neuritis ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Phytotherapy

Objective To compare the toxicity of outer membrane vesicles ( OMVs) secreted by Acinetobacter baumannii strains with different drug-resistance spectrums.Methods Four Acinetobacter baumannii strains with different drug-resistance spectrums were collected (strain 33, 3237, B29 and 10), and OMVs produced by these strains were extracted and purified.BCA assay was used to determine the protein concentrations, and RAW264.7 cells were incubated with different concentrations of OMVs for 24 h. Cell viability was measured with CCK-8 assay, and gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-α) , interleukin-6 ( IL-6) , interleukin-1 beta ( IL-1β) , keratinocyte-derived chemokine ( KC) and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR.One-way ANOVA was used for data analysis.Results According to the result of drug susceptibility test, strain 10 was extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ( XDRAB ) strain, strain B29 was multi-drug resistance Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) strain, while strain 33 and 3237 were non-MDRAB strains.After incubated with different concentrations of OMVs for 24 h, cell viability of RAW264.7 declined with the increase of OMVs concentrations.OMVs released from strain10, B29 and 3237 significantly lowered the cell viability at the concentration of 5 μg/mL, while the cytotoxicity of OMVs released from strain 33 was much weaker, and no remarkable decrease in cell viability was observed even at the concentration of 25 μg/mL.OMVs of all strains induced the release of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, KC and MIP-2 in RAW264.7 cells, and the levels of theses cytokines were increased with the concentration of OMVs.Inflammatory response in cells incubated with OMVs from strain 33 was the weakest, while OMVs from strain 10 induced strongest inflammatory response.KC and MIP-2 levels were significantly higher in RAW264.7 cells incubated with OMVs from strain 10 with a concentration of 5 μg/mL than that incubated with OMVs from other strains ( F=19.094 and 19.032,P<0.05 or <0.01).Conclusions OMVs from Acinetobacter baumannii strains with different drug-resistance spectrums are of different toxicity.OMVs from XDRAB and MDRAB strains have higher toxicities and may induce stronger inflammatory response.

The marine biological source of mineral drugs recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 version) mainly including pearl, nacre, clam shell, common oyster shell, ark shell, cuttle bone, and sea-ear shell are widely used in clinical. Calcium carbonate and a small amount of protein are the main components in this type of drugs. In this paper, a systematical and comparable study were carried out by determination of calcium carbonate by EDTA titration method, the crystal of calcium carbonate by X-Ray powder diffraction and the total amino acids (TAAs) of the hydrolyzed samples by ultraviolet spectrophotometry method. As a result, the crystal structure is calcite for common oyster shell, mixture of calcite and aragonite for nacre and sea-ear shell, aragonite for the other drugs. The content of calcium carbonate ranged from 86% to 96%. Cuttle bone has the highest amount of TAAs among the seven drugs which reached 1.7% while clam shell has the lowest content of 0.16% on average. In conclusion, an effective method was developed for the quality control of marine mineral drugs by comprehensive analysis of calcium carbonate and TAAs in the seven marine mineral drugs.
Amino Acids ; analysis ; chemistry ; Animal Shells ; chemistry ; Animals ; Calcium Carbonate ; analysis ; chemistry ; Crystallization ; Edetic Acid ; chemistry ; Mollusca ; chemistry ; classification ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; analysis ; chemistry ; standards ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results ; Seawater ; Species Specificity ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; X-Ray Diffraction

The clinical thinking modes of "integrative disease and Syndrome" and "integrative macroscopical Syndrome-differentiation and microscopical Syndrome-differentiation" formed in the past half century were merely the primary train of thought and methodology of integrative traditional Chinese and Western medicine. In order to develop them to a higher level, stress should be put on the unity and holism of disordered organism and unity of function, structure and metabolism. It has long been ignored that a parallel and correlated relationship exists between the TCM Syndrome and pathological process of Western medicine, which is a common, set-formed and regular pathophysiological changes with certain development phase, presented in various diseases. Both have common features as that the same pathological process can be seen in different diseases and several pathological progresses can present in one disease, the same Syndrome also can be seen in different diseases and several Syndromes can present in a disease. Moreover, they have the compatible connotation and denotation. The author deduced that pathophysiological basis of main Syndrome is indeed the basic pathological process. Essence of Syndrome is the related pathological processes including abnormal changes in function, metabolism and morphological structure.
Biomedical Research ; methods ; Clinical Medicine ; methods ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Holistic Health ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Pathology, Clinical ; methods

UNLABELLEDOBJECTIVE To study the in vitro effect and mechanism of Ginkgo biloba Extract 50 (GBE50) for inhibiting beta-amyloid (Abeta)-induced oxidative stress in rats' hippocampal neurons.

METHODSThe primary hippocampal neurons were cultured in vitro and divided into 4 groups, i. e. the normal control group (Ctrl), the Abeta group, the propanediol control group (PDO), and the six GBE50 concentrations groups (5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 microg/mL). Excepted the Ctrl group, neurons were induced to oxidative stress by 20 gmolLAbeta25-35. The MTT and fluorescent probes labeling were used to observe the effect of GBE50 with different concentrations on the cell viability and the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neurons. Furthermore, Western blot was used to detect the cytoplasmic/total cytochrome C (Cyto C) ratio and total intracytoplasmal Cyto C, and the effect of the expression of oxidative stress-related protein Cyto C and activated Caspase-3 in three GBE50 concentrations groups (25, 50, and 100 microg/mL).

RESULTSCompared with the Ctrl group, the cell vitality was obviously lowered and intracellular ROS generation significantly increased after induction of 20 micromol/L Abeta25-35 (both P < 0.05). Compared with the Abeta group, the cell vitality was evidently improved after treated with different GBE50 doses. Except for 10 microg/mL, the cell vitality could be obviously elevated along with increased drug concentrations (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the intracellular ROS generation decreased significantly in each GBE50 dose groups (P < 0.05). Abeta could increase the cytoplasmic/total Cyto C ratio and enhance the activated Caspase-3 expression significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the Abeta group, among the three concentrations of GBE50, the Cyto C ratio was obviously lowered in the 100 microg/mL GBE50 group (P < 0.05), and the expression of activated Caspase-3 significantly decreased in 50 microg/mL and 100 microg/mL GBE50 groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS20 micromol/L Abeta25-35 could induce the generation of intracellular ROS in hippocampal neurons. GBE50 could inhibit Abeta induced intracellular oxidative stress of neurons through lowering the cytoplasmic/total Cyto C ratio and inhibiting the activation of apoptosis protein Caspase-3 expression.

Amyloid beta-Peptides ; toxicity ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytochromes c ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Peptide Fragments ; toxicity ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley