Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1) is one of the newly-identified ubiquitin-like proteins. Similar to ubiquitin, UFM1 is conjugated to its target proteins by a three-step enzymatic reaction. The UFM1-activating enzyme, ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 5 (UBA5), serves as the E1 to activate UFM1;UFM1-conjugating enzyme 1 (UFC1) acts as the E2 to transfer the activated UFM1 to the active site of the E2;and the UFM1-specific ligase 1 (UFL1) acts as the E3 to recog-nize its substrate, transfer, and ligate the UFM1 from E2 to the substrate. This process is called ufmylation. UFM1 chains can be cleaved from its target proteins by UFM1-specific proteases (UfSPs), suggesting that the ufmylation modification is reversible. UFM1 cascade is conserved among nearly all of the eukaryotic organisms, but not in yeast, and associated with several cellular activities including the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and hematopoiesis. Furthermore, the UFM1 cascade is closely related to a series of human diseases. In this review, we summarize the molecular details of this reversible modification process, the recent progress of its functional studies, as well as its implication in tumorigenesis and potential therapeutic targets for cancer.

Objective To explore the application of bumetanide to inhibition of tumor cell proliferation.Methods In different cell lines, the expression of natrium,kalium, chloride cotransporter 1 ( NKCC1) was detected by Western blotting while the proliferation of different tumor cells was examined by CCK-8 kit.Results The target protein NKCC1 expression in lung cancer cell line ( A549 ) and colorectal cancer cell line ( HCT116 ) was significantly higher than that in chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line (K562), esophageal cancer cell line (Eca109), cervical carcinoma cell line (HeLa), T lymphocytic leukemia cell line (Jurkat) and breast cancer cell line (MCF7).IC50 Values of bumetanide were significantly lower in A549 and HCT116 than in K562, Eca109,HeLa,Jurkat and MCF7.Furthermore, the inhibiory rate and the target protein expression level were positively correlated.Conclusion Bumetanide can inhibit tumor cell proliferation and NKCC1 can serve as a potential target of anticancer drugs.

There are many problems existing in humanities and social science courses in education and teaching of medical colleges and universities.Changing concepts of education,adjusting the curriculum,improving teaching methods and improving the quality of teachers are effective measures in medical colleges to strengthen the humanities and social science courses.We have made a preliminary exploration on teaching practice for humanistic education and professional education.

Objective To obtain the gene of murine Single chain Fv fragment (ScFv) against human cervical cancer and to express it in E. coli. Methods The variable region gene fragments of the heavy and light chains, which were amplified respectively using recombinant DNA techniques from CsA125 hybridoma cells, were spliced together through a flexible linker to ScFv against human cervical cancer. The ScFv genes were then cloned into expression vector pCANTAB 5E and expressed in E. coli HB2151 and TG1 respectively. The soluble ScFv were characterized by SDS PAGE and Western blot. The antigen-binding activities of the soluble and phage displayed ScFv were assayed by ELISA and cell immunohistochemical analysis. Results The expressed ScFv antibodies were soluble and phage displayed. The soluble ScFv secreted and expressed in E. coli HB2151 induced by IPTG were confirmed with SDS-PAGE, Western blot and ELISA. The specific binding capacity of the soluble and phage displayed ScFv to the surface associated antigen of human cervical cancer cell line was further confirmed with immunohistochemical studies. Conclusion The soluble and phage displayed ScFv expressed in E. coli against human cervical cancer showed high, specific affinity for the cervical cancer cell line surface associated antigen.

· AlM: To explore the correlation of center retinal thickness and axial length in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( DR) .
· METHODS:A total of 80 cases ( 155 eyes ) of non-proliferative DR patients were divided into three groups according to the axial length, 22~24mm of 27 cases (51 eyes) were normal group, 24 ~26mm of 28 cases ( 55 eyes) were long axis group, >26mm of 25 cases ( 49 eyes) were super long axis group.The center retinal thickness and ocular axial length of three groups were measured and the correlation of center retinal thickness and axial length were analyzed.
· RESULTS:Among the inner ring and outer ring, the center retinal thickness of upper and lower, bitamporal and nasal side of super long axis group was thicker than that in normal group, with statistically significant difference ( P<0.05 ); Among the inner ring and outer ring, the center retinal thickness of upper and lower, bitamporal and nasal side of super long axis group was thicker than that in long axis group, with statistically significant difference ( P<0.05); The DR central macular of retinal thickness was no correlation of the axial length ( P >0.05 ), but retinal thickness get thinning with increased of axial length on the inner ring and outer ring area, showed a negative correlation ( rinner ring =-0.63, router ring=-0.67, P<0.05).
·CONCLUSlON:Center retinal thickness and ocular axial length in non -proliferative DR patients, and center retinal thickness of super long axis patients are thinning obviously.

Objective To study the protective effect of total glucosides of Mudan cortex(TGM) on acute myocardial ischemia in mice and its mechanism. Methods The total of 60 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 12),normal control and model control (were given equal capacity of 0.9% sodium chloride solution),and TGM at low,middle,high dose (were given with 50,100,200 mg?kg-1 TGM).The mice were administered once daily for consecutive seven days.After the last administration,the mice in the model control and drug groups were treated by intraperitoneal injection of 15 mg ? kg-1 isoproterenol to to make myocardial ischemia animal model. TGM on the T wave and J point on ECG, and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),myocardial tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA) changes was detected,and the extent of myocardial ischemic injury in mice was measured by Nagar-Olsen staining. Results TGM significantly reduced the displacement of ECG T wave and J point,and improved the related biochemical indexes in mice with myocardial ischemia.The activity of LDH [(898.992± 285.108) μmol?mg-1 ] ,the content of MDA [(11.737 ±5.162) nmol?mg-1 ]in mice treated with TGM at high dose obviously decreased in comparison to the model controls,and the activity of myocardial SOD [(45. 505 ± 20.711) U?mg-1 ] significantly elevated compared with the model control.It was showed that TGM significantly diminished the areas of cardiac muscles ischemia injured via Nagar-Olsen staining. Conclusion TGM has the remarkable protective effect on acute myocardial ischemia injury in mice.

The HPLC-UV-Fluorescence technique and HPLC-UV-MS technique were used to determine fluorescence molecule in gastric juice of patients with malignant gastric cancer,which is identified as tryptophan. Lidocaine was detected in gastric juice of patients who were examined by gastric endoscopy. A method was developed to determine concentration of tryptophan and lidocaine in gastric juice using HPLC-UV technique,in which Kromasil C_(18) column(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm) and methanol(containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA))-water(containing 0. 1% TFA) as gradient mobile phase were used. The linear relationships were obtained between the concentration of tryptophan in the range of 0.5 - 200 mg/L and its peak area at 278 run with correlation coefficient of 0.9994,and between the concentration of lidocaine in the range of 20 -5000 mg/L and its peak area at 254 nm with correlation coefficient of 0.9992. The limit of detection is 0.15 mg/L for tryptophan and 5 mg/L for lidocaine. The recovery is 70. 8% - 110. 4% for tryptophan and 87. 1% -116.2% for lidocaine. 38 gastric juice samples of patients with malignant gastric disease and 48 gastric juice samples of patients with benign gastric disease were tested and the concentration of tryptophan in those two groups of gastric juice samples was apparently different.

Background and purpose: With the development of therapy equipments and technology, the treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) has entered into the era of precision radiotherapy, and setup errors have become a very important factor affecting treatment effects. The purpose of this study was to analyze the set-up errors detected by the kilovoltage cone beam CT(EPID) and the megavoltage electronic portal imaging device(CBCT) using 2 kinds of different immobilization techniques (pillow+head neck shoulder mask and vacuum bag+head neck shoulder mask) for NPC patients. Methods:A total number of 40 NPC patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups (pillow+head neck shoulder mask group and vacuum bag+neck shoulder mask group). Then each group was further divided into CBCT scan group and EPID group for veriifcation before treatment delivery. We matched the EPID images with the DRRs and acquired the set-up errors in x, y, z axis. Setup errors of CBCT were calculated according to its matched and planned CT images in left-right (x), superior-inferior (y) and anterior-posterior (z) directions. Paired t-test was used to evaluate the differences. Results:In the pillow+head neck shoulder mask group, the set-up errors of CBCT in the x, y, z axis were x (0.67±2.01)mm, y (0.51±1.71)mm and z (0.57±2.04)mm, respectively. The errors of EPID were x (0.69±2.19)mm, y (0.54±2.03)mm and z (0.61±2.11)mm. In the vacuum bag+head neck shoulder mask group, the set-up errors of CBCT in the x, y, z axis were x (0.42±1.81)mm, y (0.33±1.55)mm and z (0.50±1.75)mm, respectively. The errors of EPID were x (0.44±1.87)mm, y (0.43±1.70)mm and z (0.54±1.77)mm. The vacuum bag+head neck shoulder mask ifxed technique was more accurate when compared to the pillow + head neck shoulder mask ifxation method (P<0.05). Conclusion:CBCT and EPID were similar in detecting set-up errors for the NPC patients. However, the vacuum bag+neck shoulder mask ifxed technique was more accurate when compared to the pillow+head neck shoulder mask ifxation method.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biopsy, Needle ; methods ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; pathology ; False Negative Reactions ; Female ; Granuloma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography, Interventional ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Young Adult

Child ; Community-Acquired Infections ; microbiology ; Humans ; Pneumonia, Bacterial ; microbiology