Objective To investigate the predictive value of preoperative combined detection of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and prothrombin time-international normalized ratio to albumin ratio (PTAR) for early abdominal infection after liver transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 287 recipients who underwent liver transplantation at the Liver Transplant Center of Beijing Friendship Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, from January 2020 to April 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into infection group (n=60) and non-infection group (n=227) based on whether abdominal infection occurred within 30 days after surgery. The distribution characteristics of pathogens and infection time in infected patients were analyzed. Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between NLR, PTAR, Child-Pugh score and preoperative model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for abdominal infection. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted for NLR, PTAR, and the combined prediction model to evaluate their predictive efficacy for abdominal infection after liver transplantation. Based on the cutoff value of the combined model, recipients were divided into low-risk and high-risk groups, and Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare the cumulative incidence of abdominal infection within 30 days after surgery between the two groups. Results Among the 287 recipients who underwent liver transplantation, 60 developed bacterial or fungal abdominal infections postoperatively. A total of 86 strains were isolated from infected patients, with Gram-negative bacteria accounting for 58%, Gram-positive bacteria for 36%, and fungi for 5%. Preoperative NLR and PTAR were positively correlated with Child-Pugh and MELD scores (all 1 > r > 0, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative NLR, preoperative PTAR, postoperative ICU stay duration and postoperative biliary leakage were risk factors for abdominal infection within 30 days after surgery. The area under the curve (AUC) for NLR, PTAR, Child-Pugh score and MELD score were 0.771, 0.735, 0.650 and 0.741, respectively. The AUC for the combined NLR and PTAR prediction model was 0.824 (95% confidence interval: 0.763-0.885, P < 0.001), with a cutoff value of 0.168. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the cumulative incidence of abdominal infection within 30 days after surgery was lower in the low-risk group than in the high-risk group, with statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). Conclusions Preoperative NLR and PTAR are independent risk factors for abdominal infection within 30 days after liver transplantation. The combined prediction model of NLR and PTAR may effectively identify high-risk recipients for early abdominal infection after liver transplantation, providing basis for early intervention.

Objective： To analyze the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of upper urinary tract calculi patients combined with mild and moderate benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) after ureteral stent implantation. Methods： One hundred and six BPH patients who were hospitalized for upper urinary tract calculi and had ureteral stents retained from January 2019 to December 2022 were selected and divided into 2 weeks group and 4 weeks group according to the time of removal of ureteral stents after surgery. Their general clinical data were analyzed and compared. International Prostatic Symptom Scale (IPSS), postoperative ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire (USSQ), and incidence of adverse events after ureteral stent removal were recorded before and after removal. Results： The scores of IPSS were significantly increased in all patients, and symptoms in urinary tract had improved significantly after discharge (P<0.05). Compared with the 2 weeks group, the USSQ score of the 4 weeks group was significantly increased (P<0.05). And no significant adverse event was observed in the 2 weeks group after the removal of ureteral sten. Conclusion： IPSS score and USSQ score increased significantly during stent implantation in BPH patients with lithiasis. And complications increased significantly over time. Following thorough clinical assessment, early ureteral stent removal demonstrates both safety and efficacy, representing an optimal therapeutic approach in selected cases.
Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery* ; Stents ; Ureter/surgery* ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Urinary Calculi/surgery* ; Ureteral Calculi/surgery*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between ABO blood types and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. METHODS: A prospective birth cohort study was conducted. ABO blood types were determined using the slide method. GDM diagnosis was based on a 75-g, 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) according to the criteria of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups. Logistic regression was applied to calculate the odds ratios ( ORs) and 95% confidence intervals ( CIs) between ABO blood types and GDM risk. RESULTS: A total of 30,740 pregnant women with a mean age of 31.81 years were enrolled in this study. The ABO blood types distribution was: type O (30.99%), type A (26.58%), type B (32.20%), and type AB (10.23%). GDM was identified in 14.44% of participants. Using blood type O as a reference, GDM risk was not significantly higher for types A ( OR = 1.05) or B ( OR = 1.04). However, women with type AB had a 19% increased risk of GDM ( OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.05-1.34; P < 0.05), even after adjusting for various factors. This increased risk for type AB was consistent across subgroup and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION The ABO blood types may influence GDM risk, with type AB associated with a higher risk. Incorporating it-either as a single risk factor or in combination with other known factors-could help identify individuals at risk for GDM before or during early pregnancy.
Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Diabetes, Gestational/etiology* ; ABO Blood-Group System ; Adult ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness of different bacterial cleaning methods and their effects on the general condition,nasal mucosal and systemic inflammation of mice.METHODS A total of 44 mice were randomly divided into six groups:4-antibiotic per os group(4ABX po)with 7 mice,5-antibiotic oral gavage group(5ABX og)with 8 mice,5-antibiotic intranasal group(5ABX in)with 8 mice,and each of their control groups with 7 mice.Body weight,water intake,and peripheral blood routine test of mice were measured.Bacterial culture of nasal lavage fluid(NLF)was performed;mRNA level of inflammatory mediators and histopathological analysis were conducted with mouse nasal mucosa.RESULTS Bacteria were cultured from all control groups,while Bacteria were cultured from all control groups,while one mouse in the 4ABX po group,three mice in the 5ABX og group,and two mice in the 5ABX in group showed no bacterial growth.The number of goblet cells in the nasal mucosa significantly increased in the 5ABX og group compared with its control group(P<0.05).The 5ABX in group exhibited significantly higher counts of peripheral blood lymphocytes and hemoglobin levels,as well as greater nasal mucosal thickness compared with its control group,with a notable decrease in goblet cells(P<0.05).No statistical differences were observed in body weight or the mRNA expression of nasal mucosal inflammatory mediators.CONCLUSION Different combinations of antibiotics and administration routes have varying effects on nasal bacteria,systemic and nasal mucosal inflammation in mice.Therefore,choosing appropriate protocols is crucial for the progression of subsequent research.

In the process of strontium(Sr)isotope analysis,the separation and purification of Sr are crucial for obtaining high-precision Sr isotope ratios.In this work,ammonia solution was used as a precipitating agent to initially separate and purify Sr from geological samples through coprecipitation,followed by the combination with cation-exchange resin to quickly and effectively obtain high-purity Sr components.The experimental conditions of ammonia coprecipitation reaction were optimized using typical high Rb/Sr ratio(mass ratio)standard sample JR-2.The results showed that using 3 mL of ammonia(1 mol/L)as the precipitating agent,at 120℃for 1 h,could effectively remove more than 90%of Rb,Na and K,with Sr recovery exceeding 95%.To verify the stability and applicability of this separation process,geological standard samples(JR-2,BCR-2,AGV-2,BHVO-2,GSP-2,W-2a)with different rock types and Rb/Sr ratios were practically validated.The results demonstrated that the coprecipitation process with ammonia solution removed more than 90%of Rb,Na and K,with Sr recovery greater than 95%.To further assess the applicability of this method for samples with high Rb/Sr ratios,Rb was added to the rhyolite standard material JR-2,adjusting its Rb/Sr ratio to 500.The results showed that this separation process could still effectively achieve the separation of Rb and Sr,and high-precision Sr isotope analysis results were successfully obtained by combining thermal ionization mass spectrometer(TIMS).Ammonia solution,as a precipitating agent,offered advantages such as low cost,low procedural blanks,simplicity,and a wide range of applicability.Therefore,the combination of ammonia solution coprecipitation and cation-exchange resin enabled rapid Sr purification from geological samples,providing a novel separation approach for high-precision Sr isotope analysis of samples with high Rb/Sr ratios,with broad application prospects.

Liquiritigenin(LG)is a flavone of pharmacological importance,however,its application potential is severely limited due to its poor water solubility.LG could be disassociated slightly in water to form phenolate anion,therefore,better solubilization effect is expected by inclusion with cationic cyclodextrins(CCDs).In this work,four kinds of CCDs modified with amino groups at the primary face were synthesized,and their solid inclusion complexes with LG were successfully prepared by preparing their saturated solutions.The formation of the solid inclusion complexes was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD),and their supramolecular binding behavior in solution was studied using multiple techniques.A 1∶1 inclusion stoichiometry of inclusion complexation was defined using Job plot by ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis)spectroscopy,and their binding stability constants(Ks)were determined as 2862.77,3494.70,6521.85 and 9599.48 L/mol using UV-vis spectroscopic titration,far more superior to that of nativeβ-CD(Ks=236.79 L/mol).This indicated that the amino side chains on CCDs could actively participate in the inclusion complexation through anion-cation interactions,significantly strengthening the host-guest binding between CCDs and LG.The inclusion modes were further elucidated based on proton and two-dimensional rotating-frame overhauser enhancement spectroscopy(2D-ROESY)nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)experiments and molecular docking.Water solubility of LG was dramatically promoted up to 4.9 mg/mL,which was 70-fold higher than that of native LG.This study could draw inspiration for the binding and solubilization of phenols such as flavones by design of cationic macrocyclic molecules.

Objective To compare the disease burden and evolving trends of major malignant tumors in China and globally from 1990 to 2021,and conduct predictive analysis,so as to provide a reference for formulating prevention and treatment policies for malignant tumor in China.Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease Database 2021(GBD 2021),descriptive research methods were used to analyze the incidence and mortality of major malignant tumors in China and globally,as well as the changes in their rankings.The Joinpoint log-linear model was applied to analyze trends in age-standardized incidence rates(ASIR)and age-standardized mortality rates(ASMR)of malignant tumors in China and globally from 1990-2021.A Bayesian age-period-cohort(BAPC)model was constructed using R 4.4.0 to predict the incidence trends of malignant tumor in China and globally from 2022 to 2035.Results In 2021,there were 17.2294 million new cases of malignant tumors(excluding non-melanoma skin cancer)and 9.7763 million deaths globally,with an ASIR of 201.06/100,000 and ASMR of 115.11/100,000.In China,4.5375 million new cases and 2.7964 million deaths were reported,with ASIR and ASMR of 221.30/100,000 and 136.36/100,000,respectively.Lung cancer ranked first in both incidence and mortality of malignant tumors in China and globally.Female breast cancer had the second-highest ASIR in China.The number of incident cases and deaths from digestive system malignancies included in this study accounted for 42.0%of the total incident cases and 46.8%of the total deaths from all cancers in China,respectively.From 1990 to 2021,the average annual percentage change(AAPC)for overall ASIR of malignant tumors in China was 0.30,while ASMR declined(AAPC:-0.97).Globally,ASIR decreased slightly(AAPC:-0.10),and ASMR declined(AAPC:-0.78).The BAPC model predicted that by 2035,China's ASIR of malignant tumors may rise to 252.44/100,000,whereas the global ASIR is expected to decrease to 183.05/100,000.Conclusions China has achieved some success in cancer prevention and treatment,but still faces a heavy disease burden,with ASIR and ASMR exceeding global averages and ASIR persistently increasing.Cancer prevention and control work such as health education should be strengthened.Precise prevention and control measures should be taken for key cancer types,and preventive interventions should be focused on the elderly population.

In order to solve the problem of resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to multiple antibiotics, it is an effective way to find inhibitors of P. aeruginosa efflux pump. In this study, 15 new ornithine peptidomimetic derivatives were designed and synthesized by changing the side chain structure of natural amino acids with PAβN, a dipeptide efflux pump inhibitor, and their synergic activity with aztreonam, a monocyclic β-lactam antibiotic, against P. aeruginosa was evaluated. Among them, the representative compound 12b not only enhanced the antibacterial activity of β-lactam antibiotics aztreonam, ceftazidime and meropenem, but also significantly enhanced the antibacterial action of macrolide antibiotics clarithromycin, showing a broad-spectrum synergic sensitization effect. In addition, compound 12b also has a good safety. Preliminary mechanisms suggest that 12b works by directly targeting the efflux transporter MexB. These results provide a new lead compound for the development of a new class of efflux pump inhibitors against P. aeruginosa.

italic>Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC is one of the most commonly used bulk medicinal herbs. It has important value in the fields of medicine, food and cosmetics, and its market demand is increasing year by year, and it has a good development prospect. In this study, based on 403 distribution records and 8 environmental variables, we used Maxent model to predict the potential distribution of P. grandiflorum under climate change. The results showed that the model simulation effect was the best when the Maxent parameter was FC (feature combination) = LQPH (L: linear features; Q: quadratic features; P: product features; H: hinge features) and RM (regularization multiplier) = 2.1, AUC (area under curve) = 0.901, and the model prediction showed that P. grandiflorum was widely distributed in 28 provinces of China under the current climate conditions, with a suitable area of 2 337 419.98 km². Under the influence of climate change in the future, the area of suitable habitat of P. grandiflorum showed a decreasing trend, and the distribution center as a whole showed a trend of northward and eastward shift. The distribution area of P. grandiflorum in the three main producing areas is affected by climate change, and the overall trend is that the future suitable distribution area of Chifeng in Inner Mongolia increases, while the future suitable distribution area of Zibo in Shandong and Taihe, Bozhou in Anhui decreases or even disappears under the SSP5-8.5 scenario (shared socioeconomic pathways). It is suggested to maintain and protect the ecological environment and germplasm resources of the reserved area suitable for the growth of P. grandiflorum, and increase the cultivation research in the expansion area of P. grandiflorum, so as to lay a foundation for the subsequent expansion of P. grandiflorum planting and to promote the protection and sustainable development of P. grandiflorum resources.