Based on the characteristics of BOPPPS mode,this article discussed its application.Following the teaching mode of BOPPPS,teachers can adjust teaching objectives and plans according to the students' needs.With the modularization of the teaching mode of BOPPPS,the students' interests can be stimulated so as to explore things initiatively,which was conducive to training students' ability of ethical decision-making and professional spirit.Finally,the teaching mode of BOPPPS assessed the learning effect with post-tests so as to enhance the effectiveness of medical ethics teaching.

Objective:To evaluate the analgesic effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in osteoarthritis model and the changes of Nav1.8 protein expression in spinal ganglia changes.Method:Animal model of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) was established by intra-articular injection of 4％ papain solution 0.3ml into SD rat right knee.After the formation of arthritis,they were randomly divided into two groups at the 2nd day:BTX-A group (n=10):intra-articular injection of 5μl BTX-A 0.1IU;WFI group (n=10):intra-articular injection of 5μl water.No papain or BXT-A was given to the sham group (n=10).At the 1st,3rd,5th day after injection,we tested the pain behavior,thermal pain threshold,and sodium channel 1.8 (Nav1.8) protein expression in spinal ganglion by using immunohistochemistry.Result:Analysis of spontaneous pain behavior showed abnormal gait caused by rat osteoarthritis.Comparing with the WFI group,abnormal gait caused by osteoarthritis improved significantly in BTX-A group.At day 5 it improved more significantly than day 1 and day 3.Thermal pain threshold of BTX-A group increased more than that of WFI group (P＜0.05) at any time point.Abnormal high Nav1.8 protein in model rats decreased in spinal ganglia for BTX-A group.Conclusion:The intra-articular injection of BTX-A may play the analgesic effect in the model of KOA by down-regulating of the expression of Nav1.8 protein in spinal ganglia and reduction in the central sensitization to pain stimulation.

Short stature refers to the individual of the same race,gender and age,whose height is lower than the average height for about 2 standard deviations or under the 3rd percentile in the similar living environment.Its etiology mainly includes growth hormone deficiency,hypothyroidism,idiopathic short stature,Turner syndrome and so on.Short stature can be treated in childhood with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH).Clinical evidence suggests that doctors should pay attention to thyroid hormone levels before and after rhGH therapy,so that they can offer thyroxine timely and maintain normal thyroid function for the children with hypothyroidism,which can improve the efficacy of rhGH in children with short stature.

"Four properties" of Chinese herb is the core content of drug property theory.Modern research on function and substantial property of "four property" has poor progress because there has di erent cognitions,ideas and methods.In this paper,main problems of "four property" are expounded through seven aspects,meanwhile,optional ideas and methods are proposed.

According to seven features of compatibility in preface of fragment of Bencaojing Jizhu(Annotation of Materia Medica),Qianjin Yaofang(Valuable Prescriptions for emergencies) and Zhenglei Bencao(Classi ed Materia Medica),the di erences among these three books and the transformation of seven features of compatibility are investigated.The results show that the number of traditional Chinese drugs which are related to seven features of compatibility in these three books is not the same,but the xed number is 197.Before the Song Dynasty,141 traditional Chinese drugs,relating to restriction,mutual inhibition,subjugation and assistance,were not added in Bencaojing Jizhu,while 55 were added.By making use of Jiayou Bencao(Materia Medica of Jia You Reign),Zhenglei Bencao added 34 traditional Chinese drugs which are related to restriction,mutual inhibition,subjugation and assistance,in fact 35 traditional Chinese drugs were added.Approximately 10 herbological books,such as Yao Dui and Tang Bencao(Newly-Revised Materia Medica),took part in the spread of seven features of compatibility.The quantity,name,classi cation and content of restriction,mutual inhibition,subjugation and assistance between Qianjin Yaofang and Zhenglei Bencao are similar,the fragment of Bencaojing Jizhu has great di erence between Qianjin Yaofang and Zhenglei Bencao.The classi cation of seven features of compatibility of traditional Chinese drugs in those three books obey their own systems,among which the fragment of Bencaojing Jizhu adopts the three rank classi cation methods,the others incline to be rationalized and detailed.This research is valuable for compiling the early herbology and discussing the compatibility theory of traditional Chinese drugs.

Objective To evaluate the value of three-dimensional(3D) ultrasonic examination in diagnosis of choroidal melanoma. Methods Twenty eyes(20 cases) proved as choroidal melanoma pathologically were reviewed retrospectively with their 3D ultrasonic examinations(OTI, Canada) preoperatively. Rotating-cut method in static stage was used to observe and measure the tumor. Results In 3D ultrasonic examination, 18 cases were diagnosed as choroidal melanoma according to tumor shape, choroidal depression, retinal detachment, CTH color change and cavernous phenomena of choroidal melanoma. The consistent rate of 3D ultrasonic examination and pathology was 90%. Conclusions 3D ultrasonic examination was valuable for diagnosis of choroidal melanoma, especially in observing and measuring the tumor.

OBJECTIVE: To seek approach for the protection of domestic pharmaceutical enterprises with immature creativity and to ensure drug accessibility. METHODS: An analysis was performed applying the theory of demand elasticity by comparing the attributes of health right and patent right etc based on TRIPS protocol and the related practice abroad. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: For a developing country, China should give top priority to the short-term urgent needs, such as to meet people's medication demands, followed by meeting the long-term demands, such as to encourage independent intellectual property rights. Hence, drug accessibility-related system in drug patent system should be evolved step by step.

glycerol,and the best penetrable concentrations for it were 0.5%,0.5% and 0.2%,respectively.No obvious penetration efficacy was noted for glycerol.CONCLUSIONS: 4 kinds of penetrations enhances can increase the percutaneous absorption of DH under the certain concentration.

The canonical or official functions of formulae and traditional Chinese patent medicines and simple preparations are generally existing issues in terms of non-integrated presentation(short of the functions aiming at pathogeny and pathogenesis),confusion of logical relation and inconsistent indication etc.It causes a biggish negative influence on traditional Chinese medicine.This article has analyzed and explained these questions using a lot of illustrations,and given concrete ways of settling these issues.

Objective To explore the association between the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1(TRAF1)/com-plement component 5(C5)single nucleotide polymorphism and rheumatoid arthritis patients.Methods Two groups of people were included in the study:300 rheumatoid arthritis(RA)patients(RA group)and 300 healthy individuals(control group).Real-time PCR was used to test the single nucleotide polymorphisms rs3761847 and rs10818488 of TRAF1/C5.Results There was no signifi-cant difference (P >0.05)of TRAF1/C5 rs3761847 and rs10818488 polymorphism between the two groups.The linkage disequilib-rium analysis results showed that there was strong linkage disequilibrium between rs3761847 and rs10818488.For the RF,anti-CCP and anti-Sa negative RA patients,the difference in the frequency of A allele of rs3761847 between the RA patients and matched con-trols was statistically significant(P =0.001,OR =0.57,95%CI :0.41 -0.79;P =0.001,OR =0.51,95%CI :0.35 -0.76;P =0.02,OR=0.72,95%CI :0.55-0.94).Significant difference for the frequency of G allele of rs10818488 between RF positive RA patients and control groups was observed(P =0.01,OR=1.40,95%CI :1.09-1.81).Conclusion TRAF1/C5 gene polymorphism may not associate with susceptibility of RA patients in Han population in Guizhou.