Calcium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drug Antagonism ; Humans ; Kidney ; cytology ; drug effects ; Lead ; toxicity

Objective To comparethe effects of four different emergency fixation methods for the open tibiofibular fractures on the treatment and prognosis of the multiple trauma patients. Methods A comparative study was carried out on the effect offour different early fixation methods on the fracture and the multiple trauma in aspects of the short-term indicators including mortality rate,acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS),fat embolism syndrome(FES),multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS),ICU stay and the long-term indicators including wound healing time,fracture healing time,rate of joint function recovery and fracture complications in 43 multiple trauma patients. Results The locked intramedullary nail wag better than the other fLxation methods including the calcaneal traction,the gypsum external fixation and the internal fixation with steel plate and extemal fixation support in most indexes(P<0.05,0.01). Conclusion The locked intramedullary nail can significantly decrease the incidence rate of complications and obtain sound fracture healing for the patients with multiple trauma combined with open tibiofibular fractures(types Gnstilo Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲa).

Cytomegalovirus Infections ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Skin Diseases ; etiology

Objective To explore the risk factors of lower limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with traumatic fractures so as to provide references for prevention of DVT. Methods A total of 1 068 patients with traumatic fractures were involved in the study to analyze the incidence of DVT under 43 risk factors including general state, injury type, fracture condition and operation and screen significant factors for multiple factor analysis. Results The total incidence rate of DVT in 1 068 patients was 12.0%. The univariate analysis showed that male patients at age ＞60 years, with BMI≥25 kg/m2, history of smoking, lack of exercises, history of diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease had higher incidence rate of DVT. In different injury types, the fall injury caused the highest incidence rate of DVT (45.6%). There were different DVT rates for different fracture position,with the highest incidence rate of DVT for femur shaft fracture (20.5%). The incidence rate of DVT was 51.7% for fractures of more than three parts, 14.2% for fractures of two parts and only 3.7% for sole part. The incidence rate of DVT for comminuted fractures was higher than the overall rate. The operation duration, massive transfusion during operation and epidural anesthesia were related with the increase of incidence of DVT. Multivariate analysis found nine independent risk factors and showed that the more risk factors were, the higher incidence of DVT was. Conclusions The risk factors of DVT for traumatic fractures include age ＞60 years, BMI≥25 kg/m2, history of smoking, fall injury, more than three parts of fractures, comminuted fractures, operation duration ＞ 2 hours, massive transfusion during operation and epidural anesthesia.

Gindenosides are the active ingredients of Panax ginseng. 20 (S) -protopanaxadiolocotillol type epimers are the main metabolites of 20 (S) -protopanaxadiol. The previous studies showed that there are stereoselectivity difference in pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics between 24R-epimer and 24S-epimer. The purpose of this study was to explore the excretion of the epimers in bile, feces and urine of rat. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method has been performed for determination of 24R-epimer and 24S-epimer in bile, feces and urine. 24R-epimer or 24S-epimer was intragastric administered to rats at a single dose of 10 mg x kg(-1). Results showed that after administration the recovery of 24R-epimer and 24S-epimer in feces was 17.69% and 17.09%, respectively, while both of the two epimers were hardly detected in urine. The 48 h cumulative biliary excretion rate of 24R-epimer was 8.01% after administration, while only 1.47% for 24S-epimer. It indicated that there are stereoselectivity in biliary excretion of the epimers with intragastric administration.
Animals ; Bile ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Feces ; chemistry ; Ginsenosides ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; Panax ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stereoisomerism ; Urine ; chemistry

To reveals the effects of tree species on polysaccharides content of epiphytic Dendrobium officinale. The polysaccharides content of D. officinale attached to living tress in wild or stumps in bionic-facility was determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method. There were extremely significant differences of polysaccharides content of D. officinale attached to different tree species, but the differences had no relationship with the form and nutrition of barks. The polysaccharides content of D. officinale mainly affected by the light intensity of environment, so reasonable illumination favored the accumulation of polysaccharides. Various polysaccharides content of D. officinal from different attached trees is due to the difference of light regulation, but not the form and nutrition of barks.
Dendrobium ; chemistry ; Light ; Plant Bark ; physiology ; Polysaccharides ; analysis ; Trees

Objective To understand the extent and relative changes of equities in using the prenatal care services among premature delivery women from 4 counties/cities in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, from 1995 to 2000. Methods The study population consisted of 97 537women who delivered singleton live birth of 28 to 41 gestational weeks in 4 counties/cities of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, from 1995 to 2000. The proportions of women with early prenatal visit, of those with at least five prenatal visits and the hospital delivery rates between premature and term delivery groups were calculated. Inequalities in the above indictors by comparing rate difference ( RD), rate ratio ( RR ) and concentration index ( CI ) among women with different educational levels,were examined. Chi-square and One-way ANOVA were used to compare the differences. Results The proportions of having received early prenatal among those women with premature delivery in different education levels were 82.89%, 91.06%, 93.96%, 93.11% respectively, which were less than that of those with full term delivery (86.36%, 93.95%, 95.65%, 96.41%, P=0.008). The proportions of having received early prenatal among the women with high educational levels were higher (RD=-10.05, RR=0.90, CI=0.0104) than those with low educational attainment (RD=-10.22, RR=0.89, CI=0.0131); The proportions of having received at least five prenatal visits among those women with premature delivery in different education levels were 86.54%, 93.17%, 92.99%, 96.49%,respectively, which were less than those with full term delivery (94.60%, 96.65%, 96.15%, 96.66%,P=0.005). The proportions of having had at least five prenatal visits among the women with high educational attainment were higher (RD=-2.06, RR=0.98, CI=0.0006) than those with lower educational attainment (RD=-9.95, RR=0.90, CI=0.0077); The proportions of hospital delivery among the women with full term delivery in different education levels were significantly higher (99.45%, 99.75%, 99.83%, 99.77% ) than those with premature deliveries (98.42%, 99.54%, 99.61%,100.00%, P=0.005). The proportions of hospital delivery among women with high educational attainment was higher (RD =-0.32, CI= 0.0003 ) than those with lower educational attainment ( RD =-1.58, CI=0.0013). Conclusion Education related inequities in prenatal care utilization had not been improved among the Chinese women under our study. Inequities were seen in those women with full-term delivery the preterm delivery ones.

Brachial Plexus/injuries* ; Disabled Persons ; Humans

Objective To study the immunologic and pathologic features of an accelerated rejection model of renal allotransplantation in presensitized monkeys.Methods The accelerated rejection model of renal allotransplantation was established in presensitized monkeys,which received donor skin transplantation in advance(n=3).The changes of donor specific antibody(DSA)levels in the recipient monkeys before/after skin and kidney transplantation were measured.The kidney grafts were examined for routine pathology,antibody and complement depositions,various lymphocyte subsets infiltration by HE staining,immunofluorescence,or immunohistochemistry.Results All renal allografts in 3 presensitized monkeys developed accelerated rejection within 4 days.In 2 presentized monkeys,the levels of DSA and their mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity(CDC)were significantly increased after skin transplantation,and further markedly elevated at the time of kidney graft rejection.In the rejected renal grafts,massive C3,C4,C5b-9 and IgG deposits with few lymphocytes infiltration were found.Typical pathologic changes included severe arterionecrosis,thrombosis,interstitial hemorrhage,and infiltration of neutrophils.In the rest one presentized monkey,the levels of DSA and CDC were only marginally increased,and the pathological changes of the rejected renal graft were characterized mainly by the injury of renal tubules.Conclusion Presensitization by donor skin transplantation could elevate the levels of DSA and CDC in recipient monkeys,which resulted in severe antibody-mediated acute humoral rejection in most of the following renal transplants.

OBJECTIVETo study changes of left ventricular remodeling (LVR) in hypertension patients with carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) of phlegm-dampness syndrome (PDS).

METHODSDoppler ultrasonography data of CAS were observed in 223 hypertension patients with CAS (as the hypertension group, including 119 patients of the PDS group and 104 of the non-PDS group), 81 CAS patients with non-hypertension, and 19 non-hypertension non-CAS patients (as the control group). The difference in the degree of LVR was compared among the above groups.

RESULTSThe left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), inter ventricular septum thickness (IVS), E/A were higher in the hypertension group than in the non-hypertension group (P < 0.05). The left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), stroke volume (SV) were higher in the soft plaque hypertension group and the soft plaque non-hypertension group than in the hard plaque group, the thickening intimal group, and the normal intimal group (P < 0.01 , P < 0.05). The LVEDD, LVESD, and SV were higher, and the ejection fraction (EF) was lower in the PDS hypertension group than in the non-PDS hypertension group (all P < 0.05). Of them, LVEDD, LVESD, and SV were higher in the soft plaque group than in the hard plaque group (P < 0.01), the thickening intimal group (P < 0.01) and the normal intimal group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in PDS hypertension between the soft plaque group and the hard plaque group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe hypertension patients with CAS of PDS might be correlated to LVR, and LVR was more obviously in the soft plaque patients.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Ultrasonography ; Ventricular Remodeling