Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vesicles like body of phospholipid bilayer membrane, which are able to mediate the transfer of genetic material. There are receptors, proteins and nucleic acids in the body, with carrying tumor genetic material, regulating tumor microenvironment, promoting tumor angiogenesis and mediating tumor cell metastasis. At present, it is found that there is a close re-lationship between the secretion and the metastasis of lung cancer. The main aspects of the brain metastasis of the lung cancer medi-ated by the exocrine body include the regulation of the microenvironment of the brain, the destruction of the blood-brain barrier, and the regulation of tumor cell pathology. The study on the relationship between the tumor and the metastasis of lung cancer may pro-vide more molecular targets for the development, diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.

Background Meningothelial cells (MECs) occupy the predominant cell component of barrier between optic nerve and the cerebral spinal fluid,and any change of cerebral fluid components probably affects the MECs function and further impairs the optic nerve.Objective This study was designed to investigate the influence of glutamate,a potentially excitotoxic amino acid,to the functional changes of MECs and provide a theoretical evidence for clarifying the mechanism of optic nerve disorders.Methods Human MECs strains were cultured in vitro and prepared into cell suspension.The cells were inoculated to 96-well plates with the densities of 1 × 104/we11.The glutamate of 100,200,400,600,800 and 1 000 μmol/L was added into medium for 12,24,36,48 and 72 hours,respectively,and the cultured cells without glutamate were used as normal control group.MTS assay was employed to measure the proliferative rate (absorbency) of the cells.The regularly cultured MECs were divided into 600 μmol/L glutamate-treated group and normal control group and the cells were treated for 12 and 24 hours respectively,and the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) mRNA and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) mRNA in the cells was detected by real-time PCR;the level of total anti-oxidative capacity (T-AOC) of the cells was processed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was determined by DCFH-DA probe.Results Cultured MECs grew well and formed 80％ confluence after 72 hours culture.The proliferative rate of the cells were gradually decreased with the increase of glutamate dose and the lapse of affected time,with significant differences among different concentrations of glutamate and various time points (F tration =52.501,P＜0.001;Ftime =8.505,P＜0.001).The relative expression level of SOD mRNA was significantly reduced in the glutamate-treated group compared with the normal control group in both 24 hours and 48 hours after culture (t =20.278,t =16.724,both at P＜0.001),and the expression of HSP90 mRNA in the cells was significantly lower in the glutamate-treated group than that in the normal control group in 24 hours after culture (t =5.065,P =0.002).No significant difference was found in T-AOC activity between glutamate-treated group and normal control group in 24 hours after culture ([30.835±2.094] nmol/(min · L) vs.[32.873±2.317] nmol/(min · L)) (t=1.599,P =1.414).In 48 hours after culture,T-AOC activity was (29.561 ± 1.831) nmol/(min · L) in the glutamate-treated group,which was significantly lower in comparison with normal control group (33.680±2.039) nmol/(min · L)(t =3.682,P =0.004).Fluorescence staining showed that the intensity of green fluorescence of ROS in MECs in the normal control group was weaker than that in the glutamate-treated group under the immunofluorescense microscope.The ROS level was 48.110± 1.712 and 40.982± 1.853 at 24 hours and 48 hours in the glutamate-treated cells,and which was significantly elevated in comparison with 36.608± 1.009 and 37.153 ± 1.424 in the normal control group (t=14.178,P＜0.001;t=4.012,P=0.002).Conclusions Glutamate inhibits the proliferation of MECs in vitro,and excitatory toxicity of glutamate on MECs probably is associated with oxidative stress response.

Adolescent ; Cough ; complications ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Fever ; complications ; Humans ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; complications ; diagnosis

Diagnosis, Differential ; Erythema ; diagnosis ; etiology ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Skin ; blood supply

Objective To assess the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms of FcεRIαgene and atopic dermatitis. Methods Genomic DNA samples were extracted from peripheral blood of 97 patients with atopic dermatitis and 283 normal human controls. The polymorphism at the distal promoter region of FcεRIα gene was determined by PCR-ligase detection reaction assay followed by gene sequencing. Results A G/T polymorphism was observed at position rs61828219 in the promoter region of FcεRIα gene, while all the tested individuals were homozygous for T/T at position rs12135235 and A/A at position rs36233780 in the promoter region of FcεRIα gene. The mutation frequency at position rs61828219 was 1.04% and 2.17% in patients with AD and normal human controls, respectively (both P ＞ 0.05). Conclusions In the Chinese Han population, there is a G/T polymorphism at position rs61828219 in FcεRIα gene promoter region, which is unlikely related to the development of AD; however, no polymorphism is detected at position rs12135235 or rs36233780.

A strain producing eggshell membrane protease (ESM protease) was isolated from the soil and identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The enzyme isolated from the fermentation liquid of this strain and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, quadratic anion-exchange chromatography exhibited eggshell membrane degrading activity of 304.5 U/mg. By SDS-PAGE, the protein molecular mass is 32 kD. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of this protease is: Ala, Glu, Ala, Gly, Gly, Val, Ala, Gly, Lys, Glu, Asp, Ala, Ala, Glu, Leu.

Objective To assess whether the plaque volume of carotid artery evaluated by three-dimensional ultrasound can predict the risk of cardiovascular events earlier in patients with coronary heart disease, in comparison with plaque thickness.Methods A total of 99 patients were enrolled, including 66 patients with asymptomatic carotid plaque and 33 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and carotid plaque.Three-dimensional ultrasound was performed in all the patients.Coronary angiography was performed in all the patients in CHD group.Coronary artery Gensini score was calculated.Plaque thickness, plaque area and plaque volume were compared between the two groups.We analyzed the relationship of plaque volume with Gensini score and other cardiovascular risk factors.Results Plaque volume was significantly higher in CHD group [(1312.38±513.70)mm3] than in asymptomatic group [(947.54±321.41)mm3] (P=0.023).However, plaque thickness and plaque area were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05).Plaque volume was positively correlated with Gensini score (r=0.519, P=0.002), homocysteine (r=0.569, P=0.002), and cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin.There was a negative correlation between plaque volume and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), a factor protecting against cardiovascular events (r=-0.387, P=0.038).Conclusion Compared with plaque thickness, the volume of carotid plaques assessed by three-dimensional imaging technique may be a better predictor of the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease.

Developmental changes in children can affect drug disposition and clinical effects. A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model is a mathematical model that can be used to predict blood drug concentrations in children and gain insight into age-dependent physiological differences in drug disposition impact. Pediatric PBPK (P-PBPK) models have attracted attention over the past decade. With the concerted efforts of academia, pharmaceutical companies, and regulatory agencies, there are more and more examples of pediatric clinical studies using PBPK models. Nevertheless, the number of P-PBPK models and their predictive performance still lag behind adult models. By referring to the literature, we study the process of children adapting to adult absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) parameters and analyze the general principles of P-PBPK model establishment. In addition, we summarize the functions and application examples of commonly used P-PBPK modeling software to provide a basis for the rational application of modeling software.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of a modified arthroscopic outside-in suture technique in the treatment of meniscus tear using a spinal needle. METHODS: From January 2015 to October 2017, 95 patients treated with this method were followed-up. Among these cases, there were 36 males and 59 females. The age of the patients ranged from 16 to 77 years, (46.79±18.07) years in average. Among them, there were 28 patieats aged 16-35, 53 patients aged 36-65, and 14 patients aged over 65 years old. 28 cases were diagnosed with medial meniscus tear, 43 cases with lateral meniscus tear and 24 cases with both medial and lateral meniscus tear. Causes of the injury included sports, sprain, etc. According to Barrett standard, the clinical healing of meniscus tear was judged. Lysholm score, knee range of motion, visual simulation score (VAS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to evaluate the postoperative knee function and recovery of the patients. RESULTS: The 95 patients were followed up for 22 to 36 months, with an average of (28.32±3.98) months. According to Barrett standard, 90 patients (94.7%) obtained meniscus clinical healing. Meniscal healing rates were 96.43%, 96.23% and 85.71% in the three age groups, respectively. The meniscal healing rate was lower in the elderly group, but there was no significant difference in statistical results (P=0.262). Five patients had deep tenderness in the joint space of the injured side, and the overstretch test was positive. The preoperative and postoperative VAS scores, Lysholm scores and knee motion were compared in each group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01). At the end of the last follow-up, there were no cases of knee joint effusion, swelling and interlocking, and the joint function was effectively improved in most patients. No surgical site infection, periarticular vascular/nerve injury or knotting reaction was found during the follow-up. CONCLUSION This modified arthroscopic outside-in suture technique using a spinal needle has the characteristics of simple operation, small trauma and rapid recovery, and the mid-term follow-up results were satisfactory. Therefore, we consider this method to be a safe and efficient method for the treatment of meniscus anterior horn and body tear.
Aged ; Arthroscopy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee Injuries/surgery* ; Male ; Punctures ; Suture Techniques ; Tibial Meniscus Injuries/surgery*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surgical technique and clinical effect of less invasive intrame-dullary nail fixation combined with titanium cable cerclage in the treatment of subtrochanteric fractures. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in 46 cases of subtrochanteric fractures in Peking University People's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017. Among them, there were 14 males and 32 females, with an average age of (77.83±10.66) years (44-92 years); 17 cases on the left side and 29 cases on the right side. The causes of injury included crash from a height, traffic accident and accidental fall. According to Seinsheimer classification, there were 26 cases of type Ⅱ, 11 cases of type Ⅲ, 9 cases of type Ⅳ, and these cases were all closed injury. After admission, these patients underwent continuous tibial tuberosity bone traction to maintain the length and force line of the lower extremity, so as to reduce the difficulty of intraoperative fracture reduction. Anticoagulant therapy was given before operation to reduce perioperative thrombotic complications. All the patients were treated with less invasive intramedullary nail fixation combined with titanium cable cerclage. Operation time, blood loss during surgery, time of fracture healing were recorded, Harris and Sanders scoring system were used to assess hip function after operation at each follow-up time point. RESULTS: All the included patients underwent surgery successfully. Average operative time and intraoperative blood loss of these patients were (131.09 ± 20.06) min and (191.96±111.03) mL, respectively. All the patients were followed up satisfactorily, with an average follow-up time of 28 months. The fractures received bone healing within 3-6 months, average hospital stay was (10.61±2.85) days. The Sanders score was excellent in 3 cases, good in 37 cases and common in 6 cases, with an excellent and good rate of 86.96%. The Harris score was excellent in 6 cases, good in 36 cases, with an excellent and good rate of 91.30%. There were no cases of wound infection, loss of reduction, nonunion of fracture or internal fixation failure. Hip pain symptoms were effectively relieved in most patients. CONCLUSION Less invasive intramedullary nail fixation combined with titanium cable cerclage can obtain good alignment and stability of fracture ends, which is an effective method for the treatment of subtrochanteric fractures.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Nails ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fracture Healing ; Hip Fractures/surgery* ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Titanium ; Treatment Outcome