Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vesicles like body of phospholipid bilayer membrane, which are able to mediate the transfer of genetic material. There are receptors, proteins and nucleic acids in the body, with carrying tumor genetic material, regulating tumor microenvironment, promoting tumor angiogenesis and mediating tumor cell metastasis. At present, it is found that there is a close re-lationship between the secretion and the metastasis of lung cancer. The main aspects of the brain metastasis of the lung cancer medi-ated by the exocrine body include the regulation of the microenvironment of the brain, the destruction of the blood-brain barrier, and the regulation of tumor cell pathology. The study on the relationship between the tumor and the metastasis of lung cancer may pro-vide more molecular targets for the development, diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.

Objective To assess the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms of FcεRIαgene and atopic dermatitis. Methods Genomic DNA samples were extracted from peripheral blood of 97 patients with atopic dermatitis and 283 normal human controls. The polymorphism at the distal promoter region of FcεRIα gene was determined by PCR-ligase detection reaction assay followed by gene sequencing. Results A G/T polymorphism was observed at position rs61828219 in the promoter region of FcεRIα gene, while all the tested individuals were homozygous for T/T at position rs12135235 and A/A at position rs36233780 in the promoter region of FcεRIα gene. The mutation frequency at position rs61828219 was 1.04% and 2.17% in patients with AD and normal human controls, respectively (both P ＞ 0.05). Conclusions In the Chinese Han population, there is a G/T polymorphism at position rs61828219 in FcεRIα gene promoter region, which is unlikely related to the development of AD; however, no polymorphism is detected at position rs12135235 or rs36233780.

Diagnosis, Differential ; Erythema ; diagnosis ; etiology ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Skin ; blood supply

Adolescent ; Cough ; complications ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Fever ; complications ; Humans ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; complications ; diagnosis

Objective To assess whether the plaque volume of carotid artery evaluated by three-dimensional ultrasound can predict the risk of cardiovascular events earlier in patients with coronary heart disease, in comparison with plaque thickness.Methods A total of 99 patients were enrolled, including 66 patients with asymptomatic carotid plaque and 33 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and carotid plaque.Three-dimensional ultrasound was performed in all the patients.Coronary angiography was performed in all the patients in CHD group.Coronary artery Gensini score was calculated.Plaque thickness, plaque area and plaque volume were compared between the two groups.We analyzed the relationship of plaque volume with Gensini score and other cardiovascular risk factors.Results Plaque volume was significantly higher in CHD group [(1312.38±513.70)mm3] than in asymptomatic group [(947.54±321.41)mm3] (P=0.023).However, plaque thickness and plaque area were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05).Plaque volume was positively correlated with Gensini score (r=0.519, P=0.002), homocysteine (r=0.569, P=0.002), and cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin.There was a negative correlation between plaque volume and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), a factor protecting against cardiovascular events (r=-0.387, P=0.038).Conclusion Compared with plaque thickness, the volume of carotid plaques assessed by three-dimensional imaging technique may be a better predictor of the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease.

Background Meningothelial cells (MECs) occupy the predominant cell component of barrier between optic nerve and the cerebral spinal fluid,and any change of cerebral fluid components probably affects the MECs function and further impairs the optic nerve.Objective This study was designed to investigate the influence of glutamate,a potentially excitotoxic amino acid,to the functional changes of MECs and provide a theoretical evidence for clarifying the mechanism of optic nerve disorders.Methods Human MECs strains were cultured in vitro and prepared into cell suspension.The cells were inoculated to 96-well plates with the densities of 1 × 104/we11.The glutamate of 100,200,400,600,800 and 1 000 μmol/L was added into medium for 12,24,36,48 and 72 hours,respectively,and the cultured cells without glutamate were used as normal control group.MTS assay was employed to measure the proliferative rate (absorbency) of the cells.The regularly cultured MECs were divided into 600 μmol/L glutamate-treated group and normal control group and the cells were treated for 12 and 24 hours respectively,and the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) mRNA and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) mRNA in the cells was detected by real-time PCR;the level of total anti-oxidative capacity (T-AOC) of the cells was processed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was determined by DCFH-DA probe.Results Cultured MECs grew well and formed 80％ confluence after 72 hours culture.The proliferative rate of the cells were gradually decreased with the increase of glutamate dose and the lapse of affected time,with significant differences among different concentrations of glutamate and various time points (F tration =52.501,P＜0.001;Ftime =8.505,P＜0.001).The relative expression level of SOD mRNA was significantly reduced in the glutamate-treated group compared with the normal control group in both 24 hours and 48 hours after culture (t =20.278,t =16.724,both at P＜0.001),and the expression of HSP90 mRNA in the cells was significantly lower in the glutamate-treated group than that in the normal control group in 24 hours after culture (t =5.065,P =0.002).No significant difference was found in T-AOC activity between glutamate-treated group and normal control group in 24 hours after culture ([30.835±2.094] nmol/(min · L) vs.[32.873±2.317] nmol/(min · L)) (t=1.599,P =1.414).In 48 hours after culture,T-AOC activity was (29.561 ± 1.831) nmol/(min · L) in the glutamate-treated group,which was significantly lower in comparison with normal control group (33.680±2.039) nmol/(min · L)(t =3.682,P =0.004).Fluorescence staining showed that the intensity of green fluorescence of ROS in MECs in the normal control group was weaker than that in the glutamate-treated group under the immunofluorescense microscope.The ROS level was 48.110± 1.712 and 40.982± 1.853 at 24 hours and 48 hours in the glutamate-treated cells,and which was significantly elevated in comparison with 36.608± 1.009 and 37.153 ± 1.424 in the normal control group (t=14.178,P＜0.001;t=4.012,P=0.002).Conclusions Glutamate inhibits the proliferation of MECs in vitro,and excitatory toxicity of glutamate on MECs probably is associated with oxidative stress response.

A strain producing eggshell membrane protease (ESM protease) was isolated from the soil and identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The enzyme isolated from the fermentation liquid of this strain and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, quadratic anion-exchange chromatography exhibited eggshell membrane degrading activity of 304.5 U/mg. By SDS-PAGE, the protein molecular mass is 32 kD. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of this protease is: Ala, Glu, Ala, Gly, Gly, Val, Ala, Gly, Lys, Glu, Asp, Ala, Ala, Glu, Leu.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of induction chemotherapy with gemcitabine followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapywith capecitabine in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC).Methods A total of 42 patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer were enrolled.All patients received seven cycles of induction chemotherapy of gemcitabine 1 000 mg/m2,once a week.Concurrent chemoradiotherapy began 1 week after completion of induction chemotherapy.Radiotherapy was delivered with a median dose of 54 Gy (34-64 Gy) with 1.8-2.0 Gy in a fraction.The radiotherapy was combined with capecitabin at a dosage of 825 mg/m2 twice daily,5 d/week.Results Twenty patients (47.6％) were evaluated as clinical benefit response (CBR).Two cases were observed with complete remission (CR),8 with partial remission (PR),27 with stable disease (SD),and 5 with progressive disease (PD).The median overall survival was 10.1 months (range of 4-36 months).The 1-,2-year overall survival rate was 38.2％ and 18.2％,respectively.Myelosuppression was recorded in 20 patients with grades 1-2,and 5 patients with grade 3.Twenty-two patients suffered from grade 1-2 gastrointestinal toxicities,while 4 patients suffered from grade 3.Conclusions The preliminary results showed that induction chemotherapy with gemcitabine followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine in patients with LAPC might achieve encouraging efficacy with better tolerance.

Objective Using Morris water maze test to evaluate the effects of guanosine and curcumin on cognitive function of APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic mice .Methods 3-month old APPswe/PS1dE9 dtg mice were randomly di-vided into model group , donepezil HCL group , guanosine group , curcumin group , curcumin and guanosine group ( n=12), with age-matched Wild C57BL/6J mice of the same genetic background as normal control group .Medication was giv-en once a day for 1 month.Using Morris water maze to test the spatial learning and memory ability of mice .Results Guanosine and curcumin could improve spatial learning and memory disorders of AD mice , particularly in the group of cur-cumin.Conclusion Guanosine and curcumin improve the cognitive ability of APPswe /PS1dE9 double transgenic mice with early cognitive impairment .

The paper reported an investigation of the pharmacokinetics of SN-38 (7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin) in rats and the tissue distribution in mice after injection of irinotecan hydrochloride nanoparticles (CPT-11) via tail veins. An LC-MS/MS method was established to determine the concentrations of SN-38 in whole blood of rats and in different tissues of mice. The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of SN-38 were compared after the intravenous injection of CPT-11 NPs and CPT-11 solution. Compared with irinotecan solution, the elimination half-life of SN-38 was prolonged from 2.17 h to 2.67 h after the intravenous injection of CPT-11 NPs, but its AUC had little change. After the injection of CPT-11 NPs in mice, over time, the concentrations of CPT-11-metabolized SN-38 in CPT-11 NPs were significantly higher in the whole blood, colon and lungs than those in CPT-11 solution, followed by in the spleen and liver, but those in the heart and brain had no change. However, the amount of SN-38 in the kidneys was reduced with time. CPT-11 NPs could prolong SN-38's (one of its metabolites) blood circulation time in rats and significantly increased the concentration of CPT-11-metabolized SN-38 in the whole blood, colon and lungs of mice. CPT-11 NPs made SN-38 efficiently target-bind to the colon and lungs of mice.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacokinetics ; Camptothecin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Colon ; metabolism ; Half-Life ; Injections, Intravenous ; Lung ; metabolism ; Mice ; Nanoparticles ; administration & dosage ; Rats ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Tissue Distribution