IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a newly recognized fibro-inflammatory condition of autoimmune etiology in recent twenty years, mainly manifesting as mass-forming lesions in single or multiple organs. In the past, it was often missed or misdiagnosed as inflammation or tumor. Patients may die from multiple organ failure due to end-stage fibrosis if they are not treated promptly. However, the number of clinically confirmed cases has gradually increased with the improvement of diagnostic level in recent years, and these patients have benefited greatly after receiving early treatment. Although patients generally respond well to traditional immunosuppressors including glucocorticoids and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, refractory and recurrent cases, even patients with glucocorticoid contraindication are common. Important mechanistic insights have been derived from studies of B-cell depletion therapy, but greater awareness of the pathophysiology of IgG4-RD is still badly needed to identify novel therapeutic targets. In this article, we reviewed the pathogenesis progress and promising therapy of IgG4-RD to seek better clinical management of IgG4-RD.

OBJECTIVETo compare the serological characters of an outbreak of hepatitis E and evaluate sensitivity and specificity of anti-HEV E2-IgM.

METHODSThe sera collected from the employees of an outbreak unit were detected for anti-HEV E2-IgM and IgG, and the serum samples from a neighboring department were used as control. The results detected with anti-HEV E2-IgM, IgG and Genelab anti-HEV IgM, IgG in some samples were compared.

RESULTSThe positive rate of anti-HEV E2-IgM in the control group was 0.11%. The results between the positive and the negative samples can be distinguished easily. The specificity of anti-HEV E2-IgM is about 99.89%. The positive rate of anti-HEV E2-IgM in outbreak stricken population was 8.66%, significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001). The results from HEV patients' serial samples in the outbreak unit showed that the anti-HEV E2-IgM titer was high 30-60 days after the infected and then declined clearly. The positivity seemed unrelated to neither sex nor age. Among the 115 positive to anti-HEV E2-IgM, 27 were negative to Genelab anti-HEV IgG, the fact indicated a rather high risk of misdiagnosis of about 23.48%. In the 179 randomized samples of the control group, the positive rate of Genelabs anti-HEV IgG was about 11.17%. In 110 samples for the positive anti-HEV E2-IgM, the positive ratio of Genelabs anti-HEV IgG was about 76.36%, and that of Genelabs anti-HEV IgM only 69.09%. There were 16 samples negative for both Genelabs anti-HEV IgG and IgM. The ratio of the difference between the Genelabs anti-HEV IgG and IgM was about 25.45%.

CONCLUSIONThe specificity of anti-HEV E2-IgM was about 99%, and false positive rate was low. The sensitivity of anti-HEV E2-IgM in acute hepatitis E infection was 25%-30% higher than that of Genelabs anti-HEV IgM,IgG. The infected persons in the outbreak unit can be preferably distinguished from the non-infected persons by anti-HEV E2-IgM. Anti-HEV E2-IgM can image the characters of the outbreak of HEV and played a great role in the control of outbreak and in the early diagnosis for hepatitis E.

Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Hepatitis E ; blood ; epidemiology ; virology ; Hepatitis E virus ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood

OBJECTIVETo explore the cure effects of Jiangu Fufang on osteoporotic model induced by ovariectomy.

METHODRats were ovariectomized and administered drugs for 3 monthes. Bone mineral density and biomechanics properties, histomorphometric analysis and biochemical index such as calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase were detected.

RESULTJiangu Fufang could significantly increase bone density and biomechanics properties. The level of calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase were restored by Jiangu Fufang. Jiangu Fufang could significantly increase area of bone trabecula, thickness of cortical bone and bone trabecula.

CONCLUSIONJiangu Fufang could cure osteoporosis through increasing bone mineral density, improving bone biomechanics properties, and effecting bone metabolism.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; blood ; Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Calcium ; blood ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Femur ; physiopathology ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; drug effects ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Osteoporosis ; blood ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Ovariectomy ; Phosphorus ; blood ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the sleeve circumcision and preputioplasty with modified incision for the treatment of patients with phimosis or redundant prepuce.

METHODSFive hundred and seventy-six patients with phimosis or redundant prepuce underwent operations of sleeve circumcision or preputioplasty with modified incision. The conventional incision was modified and changed into two opposite tortuous incisions.

RESULTSThe operation with modified incision had the following advantages: less blood loss, slight postoperative edema, no secondary bleeding or infection, quick recovery and good appearance of the penis.

CONCLUSIONThe sleeve circumcision and preputioplasty with modified incision is an excellent therapeutic option for phimosis and redundant prepuce.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Circumcision, Male ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phimosis ; surgery ; Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of SOX2 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer and explore its association with the clinical features.

METHODSSOX2 expressions were examined using immunohistochemical method in 10 normal cervical tissue specimens, 36 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia specimens (including 10 cases of grade I, 12 of grade II, and 14 grade III) and 40 cervical cancer specimens (including 21 cases of stage I and 19 of stage II). The correlation between the immunohistochemical results and the clinical features of the patients was analyzed.

RESULTSSOX2 expression was negative in normal cervical tissues, and was positive in 41.6% of CIN specimens (10.0% in CIN I, 41.7% in CIN II, and 64.3% in CIN III) in 82.5% of cervical cancer specimens (78.2% in stage I and 88.2% in stage II). The patients with cervical cancer had a significantly higher positivity rate of SOX2 than normal control group (P<0.05). The positivity rate of SOX2 increased with the evolution of cervical disease. SOX2 protein expression was significantly correlated with the histological grade and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05), but not with the age or clinical stage of the patients (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSOX2 expression may serve as a useful indicator for evaluating metastasis and malignancy of cervical cancer.

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Grading ; Neoplasm Staging ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism

7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide ; toxicity ; Carcinogens ; toxicity ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA Damage ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of multiglycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii (GTW) on sperm apoptosis in male rats and its possible mechanisms.

METHODSSixteen male SD rats were equally assigned to two groups to receive GTW and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) intragastrically, both at 20 mg/(kg x d) for 6 weeks. Then the epididymal sperm was collected for the measurement of the apoptosis rate, sperm membrane lipid fluidity and the contents of NO, MDA and SOD by flow cytometry and spectrophotometric determination.

RESULTSAfter 6 weeks of medication, the GTW group showed a significant increase in sperm apoptosis and contents of NO and MDA (P < 0.01) and a remarkable decrease in sperm membrane lipid fluidity (P < 0.05) and SOD content (P < 0.01) as compared with the CMC control group.

CONCLUSIONGTW can damage sperm membrane lipid peroxidation and sperm membrane structure, increase sperm apoptosis, and reduce sperm membrane lipid fluidity.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Membrane ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Glycosides ; pharmacology ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; analysis ; Membrane Fluidity ; drug effects ; Nitric Oxide ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spermatozoa ; drug effects ; Superoxide Dismutase ; analysis ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the expression of CD49d, CCR9, CD62L and CCR5 on CD4+ T cells in AIDS patients before and after HAART.

METHODSThe study was performed in 42 cases of AIDS patients and 18 cases of healthy controls. The expression of CD49d, CCR9, CD62L and CCR5 on CD4+ T cells, and CD45RO on CD4+ CCCR9+ and CD4+ CCR5+ T cells in AIDS patients and healthy controls were analysed by Flow cytometry. Software BD FACSDiva was used to calculate the percentage of expression.

RESULTSThe number of peripheral CD4+ T cells in group pre-HAART was decreased compared with group HAART (P < 0.01); the frequency of CD3+ CD4+, CD4+ CCR9+, CD4+ CCR5+ T cells in group pre-HAART were decreased compared with group HAART (P < 0.01), the frequency of CD4+ CD49d+, CD4+ CD62L+, CD4+ CCR9+ CD45RO , CD4+ CCR9+ CD45RO- ,CD4+ CCR5+ CD45RO+, CD4+ CCR5+ CD45RO- T cells in group pre-HAART were significantly decreased compared with group HAART (P < 0.001); the frequency of CD3+ CD4, CD4+ CD62L+, CD4+ CCR5+ T cells in group HAART were significantly decreased compared with group HIV-neg (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSNot only the number but the function of CD4' T cells was impaired in AIDS patients: the lower expression frequency of gut homing receptor molecule CD49d and CCR9,1ymph node homing molecule CD62L, coreceptor molecule CCR5. HAART can partially reverse this pathological phenomena. CD49d, CCR9 and CD62L may be suggested to indicate the progression of AIDS and immunologic reconstitution after HAART.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; virology ; Adult ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; immunology ; virology ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; HIV-1 ; immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Immunologic ; genetics ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanism and the treatment of acute incarcerated metacarpophalangeal dislocation.

METHODSSeven patients (6 male and 1 female) with acute incarcerated metacarpophalangeal dislocation admitted from 1997 to 2006 were studied retrospectively. The age ranged from 8 to 33 years(mean 17 years). All the types were the dorsal dislocation. The dislocation were occurred on index finger in 3 cases, thumb in 2 cases, middle finger in 1 case and small finger in 1 case.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up from 3 to 42 months with an average time of 21 months. Operative finding revealed the rupture of volar capsule and entrapment of metacarpal head. The joint function and postoperative X-ray showed anatomical reduction were good in all the patients.

CONCLUSIONRepeated manipulative reduction should not be advocated if the close reduction was not successful. In order to avoid influencing the joint function,early open reduction of acute complex metacarpophalangeal dislocation is necessary.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; surgery ; Male ; Metacarpophalangeal Joint ; injuries

Objective To explore the characteristic of the genetic frequency distribution of human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-DR alleles in children with bronchial asthma in Guangxi area.Methods Eighty-four unrelated asthmatic individuals and 168 healthy people without asthma and atopy living in Nanning region of Guangxi as control group were involved in the study.All asthmatics had their serum total IgE levels measured with Pharmacia UniCAP system,and skin-prick test with 10 kinds of inhalant allergens were taken,and pulmonary function were measured among the asthmatic.HLA oligonucleotide array was used to 21 gene frequencies of HLA-DR.Results The frequencies of HLA-DR B1*070X allele and HLA-DR B1*11XX allele among the asthmatic(2.98% and 13.69%)were significantly higher than those in control group(0.3% and 5.95%)(?2 =6.915,9.478 P