OBJECTIVETo study the effects of Dipsacus total saponins on the ability of learning and memory and its mechanism of action.

METHODSForty rats were randomly divided into blank control group, model group, Dipsacus group and positive control group (n = 10), general situation of rats were observed, the ability of learning and memory of rats was tested by Square water maze, the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) of hippocampus in rats were measured using double antibody sandwich method.

RESULTSDuring the period of treatment, general situation had no obvious change in model group, but general situation and the ability of activity were gradually improved in Dipsacus group and positive control group. Compared with blank control group, the swimming time was obviously prolonged and the number of mistakes was obviously increased at different time, the activity of AChE was significantly enhanced and the activity of ChAT was significantly decreased in model group. Compared with model group, the swimming time was obviously shortened and the number of mistakes was obviously reduced at different time, the activities of AChE were significantly decreased and the activities of ChAT were significantly enhanced in Dipsacus group and positive control group; Compared with positive control group, the swimming time and the number of mistakes at different time and the activities of AChE and ChAT had no significant difference in Dipsacus group.

CONCLUSIONDipsacus total saponins can improve the ability of learning and memory in Alzheimer' s disease(AD) rats, its mechanism of 'action may be related to regulating ACh metabolism of hippocampus.

Acetylcholine ; metabolism ; Acetylcholinesterase ; metabolism ; Alzheimer Disease ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Animals ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase ; metabolism ; Dipsacaceae ; chemistry ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; Learning ; drug effects ; Memory ; drug effects ; Rats ; Saponins ; pharmacology

The cause of dilated cardiomyopthy (DCM) has not been elucidated yet .The poor prognosis and lack of specific and effective treatment became a serious health problem .Therefore to establish animal models of DCM to study the pathogenesis and treatment is necessary and urgent .At present the molding method of DCM mainly includes drug induction, immunological induction and molecular biology , etc.This article reviews the mature and commonly used establishing methods and mechanism of DCM models .

In this paper,we summarized nursing care of 9 patients with cytokine release syndrome after receiving the chimeric antigen receptor T cells immunotherapy.Key points of nursing care were as follows:comfortable and effective antipyresis,preventive rehydration,multiple methods of blood oxygen saturation improvement,iatrogenic pressure ulcer prevention,frequent vital signs monitor,close observation of level of cytokine and inflammatory factors,timely and accurate medication,formulating personalized nursing plan according to patients' condition,close collaboration between doctors and nurses.At last,8 patients recovered and were discharged,and 1 case died due to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

Based on the research goal of "traditional Chinese medicine standards lead in the international standard-setting", scientific strategies for the elaboration of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) comprehensive quality standard system were introduced. TCM is a complex multi-component system which was used under the guidance of traditional Chinese medical theory. The present paper has put forward the basic principle of " deep research and simplified standard" to construct the quality standards of TCM. " Deep research" refers to systematic, thorough investigations on active constituents and biological mechanisms. On the basis of deep research, "simplified standard" means to establish a scientific and feasible standard, which should be practical and less complicated, to control the quality of Chinese herbs. Three key issues related to the elaboration of the quality standards are suggested. For reference substances, we propose the research methodology using reference extract to develop the qualitative and quantitative determination methods. Compared with that of using reference compounds, the preparation of reference extract is more accessible, economical and practical. Moreover, compared with reference crude drugs, the reference extract showed better batch-to-batch consistency. For identification, in addition to conventional methods, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), chemical fingerprints and characteristic chromatogram are proposed, in which more major marker compounds are monitored. And then LC-MS technique is employed to comprehensively analyze and characterize the peaks in the fingerprint. For multi-component quantification, the method of single standard to determine multi-components (SSDMC) is suggested, providing solutions for the lack of reference standards in quality evaluation. The SSDMC method uses a single reference standard to simultaneously determine the content of multiple compounds. In general, the integrate quality control standard of TCM is established based on combining innovative technology with practical applications.
Chemistry Techniques, Analytical ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Quality Control ; Reference Standards

Objective To approach therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) complicating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in children.Methods The therapy of seven children diagnosed as ALL complicating ARDS was analyzed, who were treated by anti-infection, methyllprednisolone, ambroxol and constant positive airway pressure (CPAP) assisted ventilation.Results Six cases were recovery and one was death. The cure rate was 85.7%. Conclusion The cure rate is high, when employing combined therapy to treat ALL complicating ARDS.

Keratoconus is a progressive, non - inflammatory corneal thinning disorder that produces a unique spectrum of change in the surface curvature of the cornea. The suspected factors associated with the cause of keratoconus include genetic mechanisms, familial associations, allergy, atopy and so on, but environmental factors, such as abnormal rubbing, contact lens wearing and ultraviolet radiation may be easily ignored. Although it is commonly thought that keratoconus is a result of various pathological progress mediated by multiple factors, those chronic trauma could play important roles in the pathological progress. The classic definition of keratoconus is still referred as a non - inflammation disorder with malnutrition of keratectasia, more and more clinical evidences and experimental results that may refute this concept. It may be due to the long-term persistent chronic trauma resulted from eye rubbing, contact lens or ultraviolet radiation. Under this conditions, the increased release of inflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteinases may accelerate keratocyte apoposis and enzyme metabolism disorders, with the result of matrix cell lost, tensile strength decreased and keratectasia. Here, for some papers known about the relationship between chronic cornea trauma and keratoconus were reviewed and discussed its possible causal relationship.

Objectives:To observe the role of nutritional support in patients after liver transplantation. Methods:Nutritional support was used in three patients after orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT).Total parenteral nutrition(TPN) was administered since the second day after the operation,the combination of enteral nutrition(EN) and parenteral nutrition(PN) was followed and then total enteral nutrition(TEN) was adopted.After that,oral intake of food was restored. Results:Postoperative patients were restored well. Conclusions:The supply of nutrition for patients after liver transplantation should be TPN→PN+EN→TEN,and then gradually increased.Once the gastroenteric functions of patients recover it is advisable to start EN as soon as possible.

OBJECTIVETo Study the effect of anti-aging and its mechanism of total saponins of Wu-He Dipsacus asper on skin of mice-aging model.

METHODSForty-eight mice were randomly divided into blank control group, model group, low-Dipsacus group, medium-Dipsacus group, high-Dipsacus group and positive control group( n = 8) . The mouse model of skin aging was established by nape subcutaneous injection of 5% D-galactose (0.025 mL/(g · d)), the mouse of low-Dipsacus group, medium-Dipsacus group, high-Dipsacus group were administered with total saponins of Wu-He Dipsacus asper (50 ml/(kg · d), 100 mL/(kg · d), 200 mL/(kg · d)), the mice of the positive control group were administered with vitamin E(50 mg/(kg · d)) for 42 d. The content of hydroxyproline (HYP) and lipofuscin (LF) were measured in skin of each group mice, the activity of catalase (CAT) glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-Px) superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondi- aldehyde (MDA) were determined in serum and skin of each group mice.

RESULTSCompared with blank control group, the content of HYP decreased significantly and the content of LF increased significantly in skin, the activities of CAT, GSH-Px and SOD decreased significantly and the content of MDA increased significantly in serum and skin of model group; Compared with model group, the content of HYP increased significantly and the content of LF decreased significantly in skin, the activities of CAT, GSH-Px and SOD enhanced significantly and the con- tent of MDA decreased significantly in serum and skin of low-Dipsacus group, medium-Dipsacus group, high-Dipsacus group and positive control group; Compared with low-Dipsacus group, the content of HYP increased significantly and the content of LF decreased significantly in skin, the activities of CAT, GSH-Px and SOD enhanced significantly and the content of MDA decreased significantly in serum and skin of high-Dipsacus group and positive control group; The activity of SOD in serum and skin had a significant positive correlation with the content of HYP, and a significant negative correlation with LF in skin.

CONCLUSIONTotal saponins of Wu-He Dipsacus asper have obvious effect of anti-agng on skin of mouse-aging model , its mechanism is closely related to oxidative damage.

Animals ; Dipsacaceae ; chemistry ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice ; Oxidative Stress ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; Skin Aging ; drug effects

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Background Sulforaphane (SFN) is an effective chemopreventive agent and can regulate the biological molecular mechanisms to inhibit the overgrowth of cells.Autophagy is a biological process of maintaining cellular internal environment.Understanding the affection of SFN to biological behavior of human lens epithelial cells (LECs) and the association of SFN with autophagy is helpful for the prevention and target treatment of posterior capsule opacification (PCO).Objective This study was to investigate the eradication effeccts of SFN on residual lens cell population in vitro posterior capsule opacification (PCO) model and evaluate the mechanism of SFN-induced cell death.Methods In vitro human capsular bag models were generated from fresh donor eyes by phacoemulsification and were cultured in EMEM containing 2％ fetal bovine serum (FBS).Different concentrations of SFN (0,1,10 and 100 μ mol) were added in the medium for 30 days respectively according to grouping,and the growth of LECs was observed by optical microscope and immunofluorescence technique.FHL124,a human LEC line,was cultured with EMEM containing 5％ FBS and divided into 0,1,10,30 and 100 μmol SFN groups.Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate in the medium was detected to evaluate cell damage/death.The migration of the cells on capsular bags was assessed by scratch test.The ultrastructure and number of autophagosomes were examined under the transmission electron microscope.The expression of LC3 in the cells were detected using Western blot in the presence or absence of autophagy inhibitors.Results The cell coverage rates on the capsular bags were significantly lower in the 10 and 100 μ mol/L SFN groups than those in the 0 and 1 μmol/L SFN groups,with a statistically significant difference among the groups (F =48.57,P ＜ 0.01).Immunofluorescence showed that the density of F-actin-and Vimentin-positive cells was evidently decreased in the 10 and 100 μmol/L SFN groups compared with 0 and 1 μ mol/L SFN groups.The releasing levels of LDH (absorbancy) were 0.19± 0.03,0.39±0.06,0.56±0.07,0.68±0.08 and 0.89±0.09 in the 0,1,10,30 and 100 μ mol/L SFN groups,respectively,and the releasing level of LDH was gradually increased in the 10 and 100 μ mol/L SFN groups in comparison with the 1 μmol/LSFN group (all at P＜0.01).With the increase of SFN concentration,the reduction rate of scratched area decreased with the increase of SFN concentration,and the decrease of scratch area was significantly lower than that of adjacent low mass concentration group and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The relative expressions of LC3-Ⅱ protein were 0.423±0.003,14.543±0.024,0.668±0.024 and 0.576±0.056 in the blank control group,SFN group,SFN + 3-MA group and 3-MA group,respectively,and the relative expressions of LC3-Ⅱ protein were significantly lower in the SFN+3-MA group and 3-MA group than those in the SFN group (all at P＜0.01).The number of autophagosomes was 4.07±0.32,4.13±0.34,9.21 ±0.53 and 21.02± 1.34 in the blank control group,and 1,10,100 μmol/L SFN groups,and the number of autophagosomes in the 10 and 100 μ mol/L SFN groups was significantly higher than that in the blank control group and 1 μmol/L SFN group (all at P＜0.01).Conclusions SFN mediates LECs death by promoting autophagy in ex vivo capsular bags,and SFN may be a novel agent of potential chemopreventive and target treatment for PCO.