Objective To evaluate the value of diagnosis in fallopian tube patency by using four dimensional transvaginal hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (4D-HyCoSy) and two-dimensional transvaginal hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography(2D-HyCoSy) with SonoVue in infertile women.Methods First,fifty seven infertile women(113 fallopian tubes) were examined by 4D-HyCoSy,then examined by 2D-HyCoSy,and the results of examination were respectively recorded.Results By 4D-HyCoSy,54 fallopian tubes were patency,42 were unobstructed but unsmooth flow,17 were obstructed.By 2D-HyCoSy,48 of them were patency,40 of them were unobstructed but unsmooth flow,25 of them were obstructed.Three fallopian tubes were obstructed by 4D-HyCoSy,but by 2D-HyCoSy they were patency.Eleven fallopian tubes were patency by 4D-HyCoSy,but obstructed by 2D-HyCoSy.Nine fallopian tubes were patency by 4D-HyCoSy,but fimbriated extremity of these fallopian tubes were far awary from homolateral overys.They were unuseful.Eighteen patients underwent laparoscopy,30 fallopian tubes (91.4％) were concordant with laparoscopy using combination of 4D-HyCoSy and 2D-HyCoSy,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 86.7 ％,90.5 ％,86.7 ％ and 90.5 ％.The concidence rate,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 85.7％,84.6％,90.5％,84.6％ and 86.4％ by 4D-HyCoSy and 71.4％,64.7％,70.0％,64.7％ and 77.8％ by 2D-HyCoSy,respectively.Accuraty of combination of 4D-HyCoSy and 2D-HyCoSy was similar with laparoscopy.Five patients appeared moderate pelvic pain,three patients appeared mild pelvic pain,two patients appeared nausea and vomiting.None need resuscitation.Conclusions Combination of 4D-HyCoSy and 2D-HyCoSy can more accurately diagnose fallopian tube patency,it can judge if fallopian tube is valuable or not and reduce misdiagnosing.It is a simple,safe,accurate,efficient method for evaluating the fallopian tube patency.

The bromodomain and extraterminal domain (Bet) family are the regulators of the epigenome and also the pivotal driving factors for the expression of tumor related genes that tumor cells depend on for survival and proliferation. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (Brd4) is a member of the Bet protein family. Generally, Brd4 identifies acetylated histones and binds to the promoter or enhancer region of target genes to initiate and maintain expression of tumor related genes. Brd4 is closely related to the regulation of multiple transcription factors and chromatin modification and is involved in DNA damage repair and maintenance of telomere function, thus maintaining the survival of tumor cells. This review summarizes the structure and function of Brd4 protein and the application of its inhibitors in tumor research.
Humans ; Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism* ; Histones ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism* ; Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Protein Domains