Objective To assess the value of the adjacent vessel sign (AVS)in differentiating malignant from benign lesions on breast MRI at 3.0 T.Methods Total 64 patients with 64 breast lesions including 35 malignant and 29 benign ones,underwent breast dynamic contrast enhanced MR scan.The 3D maximum intensity projection images were gotten and used to review the lesions.Sen-sitivity and specificity of the AVS were evaluated,and the reasons of the false positive and false negative lesions were also analyzed. Results The AVS differed significantly between benign and malignant lesions (P<0.001;positive-predictive-value:88.6%,sensi-tivity:88.6%,specificity:75.9%).Conclusion The adjacent vessel sign is significantly associated with malignancy.Thus,there is of great importance of this sign in differentiation of begnign and malignant lesions.

Purpose To investigate the significance of u-PA and PAI-1 expression in various types ofglomerulonephritis. Methods The expression level of u-PA, PAI-1, type-Ⅳ collagen and PCNA positivenuclei in 120 cases of renal biopsies from patients with various types of glomerulonephritis were detected byimmunohistochemical method. Both the staining intensity of u-PA and PAI-1 in glomeruli were quantitativelyanalyzed by image analysis. Results The expression intensity of u-PA and PAI-1 was different in varoustypes of glomerulonephritis, which were significantly higher than that of the minor lesion group. Meanwhile,the intensity of PAI-1 stain was significantly higher than that of u-PA in various types of glomerulonephritis( P ＜ 0.05). The increase of u-PA expression was closely related to increase of type- Ⅳ collagen synthesis andhypercellularity in glomeruli(r = 0. 761 and 0. 811, P＜ 0.05), while the expression of PAI-1 was closelyrelated to the increase of Col-Ⅳ synthesis other than the cell proliferation in the glomeruli. ConclusionsThe over expression of u-PA and PAI-1 may play an important role in contributing to the pathogenesis anddevelopment of glomerulonephritis.

Objective To investigate the effect of active vitamin D (VD) on macrophage M1 and M2 phenotype and its role in protecting podocyte impairment in diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods Diabetes mellitus rats were established by intraperitoneal injection with streptozocin.Rats were randomly divided into four groups:normal-1 (NC-1,n=8),normal-2 (NC-2,n=8,normal rats treated with calcitriol 0.1 μg· kg-1 · d-1 by gavages),DN (n=24) and VD (n=24,DN+calcitriol 0.1 μg· kg-1 · d-1 by gavages).Blood glucose and body weight were assessed,and 24-hour urine was collected regularly.Blood and urine samples were taken for biochemical study,and kidney tissues were used for PAS staining to assess histological changes.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect number of CD68 + macrophage.Western blotting was used to detect protein expressions of nephrin,podocin,CD68,M1 specific marker of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS),TNF-α and M2 specific marker of CD163,arginase 1 (Arg-1),mannose receptor (MR).Results (1) In DN group,levels of BUN,Scr,urinary protein and glomerular mesangial matrix proliferation were significantly higher (P ＜ 0.05),and the expressions of nephrin,podocin were significantly decreased compared with NC groups (P ＜ 0.05).These above changes were significantly improved in VD group (P ＜ 0.05).(2)Number of CD68 + macrophage infiltration in DN group was increased in a time dependent manner compared with NC groups,which was significantly reduced in VD group (P ＜ 0.05).(3)To further definite M1 and M2 macrophage activation phenotype,the protein expressions of iNOS and TNF-α was increased in DN group at 8th,14th,18th weeks compared with NC groups (P ＜ 0.05),which were significantly decreased in VD group (P ＜ 0.05).Although,there were no significant difference of protein expressions of CD163,Arg-1 and MR between VD and DN group at both 8th and 14th week (P ＞ 0.05),the protein expressions of CD163,Arg-1 and MR were higher in VD group at 18th week than that in DN group (P ＜ 0.05),and the ratio of CD163/CD68 was also enhanced in VD group (P ＜0.05).(4)Moreover,the protein expression of iNOS was negatively correlated with expression of either nephrin or podocin (r =-0.707,P ＜ 0.01; r =-0.712,P ＜ 0.01),whereas the protein expression of CD163 was positively correlated with expression of either nephrin or podocin (r =0.627,P＜ 0.01; r=0.613,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Vitamin D can regulate macrophage phenotype,via inhibiting M 1 macrophage activation and enhancing M2 macrophage activation to protect podocyte impairment.

This study was aimed to preliminarily evaluate the acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory effects of coffee residue extract. The test maximum tolerated dose was applied in mice by gavage to observe the acute toxicity of coffee residue extract. Mice acute inflammation model was induced by xylene and glacial acetic acid. The gavage administration of coffee residue extract (1.00, 2.00, 3.00 g?kg-1, in terms of crude drug) was given 7 days con-tinuously. The ear swelling rate and celiac capillary permeability were measured. The results showed that the ex-tract of coffee residue maximum tolerated dose in mice is 8 . 60 g?kg -1 ( in terms of crude drug ) . The coffee residue extract of 3 . 00 g?kg-1 is able to inhibit ear swelling induced by xylene in mice ( P < 0 . 05 ) and the ex-cessive celiac capillary permeability ( P < 0 . 05 ) . It was concluded that the coffee residue extract have certain an-ti-inflammation activities.

0 05), but MTT had significant difference( F =10 2, P

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of antiangiogenesis on C6 glioma and to study the practical value of PWI in evaluating the early response of the tumor to the treatment.Methods C6 glioma cells were stereotactically implanted into SD rats intracranially.At the 15 day after tumor implantation,the recombinant human endostatin was administered or stereotactic radiosurgery was performed.Endostatin was injected subcutaneously at the dose of 5 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ,10 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ,and 20 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 for 7 days.Stereotactic radiosurgery was given once with the central radiation dose of 25Gy.MR PWI was performed to measure relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) of the tumor and the normal brain before and 48 hours after treatment.Conventional MRI was performed to calculate tumor volume.Results The tumor volume was (429.0?36.7)mm 3,(305.7?32.8)mm 3,and (277.0?20.6)mm 3 in each endostatin treated group,and(390.0?33.8)mm 3 in SRS treated group,which were lower than that in control group(566.7?135.0)mm 3 (P=0.031).The rCBV in endostatin group was 1.57?0.12,1.30?0.12,and 1.24?0.08,respectively according to three different doses,which were lower than those before endostatin therapy with statistical significance (P

Objective To investigate the effects of active vitamin D (VD) on the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) in renal tissue of diabetic nephropathies (DN) rats and to explore the impact of TREM-1 on adhesion and migration capacity of macrophage.Methods DN rat models were established by streptozotocin.Rats were randomly distributed into four groups:control (NC) group,VD group,DN group and DN+VD group (DN rats with 0.1 μg · kg-1 · d-1 calcitriol by garages).Rats were sacrificed respectively at 8 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment.Pathological changes in kidney tissue were detected and the expressions of CD68 and TREM-1 were acquired by immunohistochemistry stain and Western blotting.In vitro,RAW264.7 cells were divided into NC group,VD group,high glucose (HG) group and HG+VD group.In HG+VD group rats were treated by high glucose with 10-8 mol/L 1,25(OH)2D3.TREM-1 expression was measured by immunohistochemistry stain and Western blotting,and the ability of macrophage in migration and adhesion was evaluated by Transwell migration assay and adhesion assay.TREM-1 siRNA was transferred to silence TREM-1 expression,while plasmid of TREM-1 was transferred for high expression.Their ability of adhesion and migration in macrophage and the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 were examined.Results (1) Compared with the NC group,the expressions of CD68 and TREM-1 were increased in DN group (P ＜ 0.05),whereas markedly decreased in DN+VD group (P ＜ 0.05).(2) The number of adhesion and migration cells,and the expression of TREM-1 protein in macrophage were obviously increased in HG group as compared with those in NC group (all P ＜ 0.05);whereas above changes were markedly decreased in HG+VD group than those in HG group (P ＜ 0.05).(3) The number of adhesion and migrated macrophage was reduced after TREM-1 siRNA intervention (all P ＜ 0.05).VD could significantly decrease the effect of high glucose on adhesion and migrated macrophages after TREM-1 siRNA (all P ＜ 0.05).(4) Adhesion and migration of macrophage were increased via TREM-1 overexpression (all P ＜ 0.05),but the effects of VD on high glucose-induced adhesion and migration of macrophage were disappeared.Conclusions VD can suppress the adhesion and migration of macrophage via reducing the expression of TREM-1,and inhibit infiltration of macrophage in renal tissue of DN rats.

Objective To investigate the conventional MRI and perfusion weighted imaging (PWI) features of central neurocytoma(CNC), and to evaluate the potentiality of them in diagnosing accuracy. Methods Three patients with CNC proved pathologically were collected, 4 patients with ependymoma were as control group, with conventional MRI and perfusion weighted imaging were performed in all of them. MRI features were observed, and relative regional cerebral blood volume (rrCBV) were calculated.Results CNCs were isosignal on T_1WI, hyperintense on T_2WI, minimal enhancment. Ependymomas were hypointense or isosignal on T_1WI, slightly hyperintense or hyperintense on T_2WI and minimal enhancement. On PWI, CNCs were obviously high-perfusion, rrCBV was 11.2, but which was 2.1 in ependymoma, there was statistically signifcant difference between two groups(P

Objective To investigate the value of MR perfusion weighted imaging(PWI) features in typing meningioma preoperation.Methods MR perfusion weighted imaging was performed on 39 patients with pathologically proved meningioma.The relative regionalcerebral blood volume(rrCBV) and relative mean transit time(rMTT) were calculated.Results The rrCBV and rMTT of angioblastic meningiomas were 11.8 and 1.8,which were higher than that of the others subtype.The rrCBV of meningothelial meningiomas andtransitional meningiomas were 8.3,7.5 respectively,the rMTT of them were 1.5 and 1.3,there was statistically significant difference in rMTT between two groups,but no difference in rrCBV.The rrCBV of fibrous meningiomas was 4.0,which was lower than that of the others.Conclusion PWI is very useful in typing meninigioma preoperation.

Objective To investigate the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on high glucose induced podocyte injury and its signal transduction mechanism.Methods Differentiated mouse podocytes were exposed to normal glucose,high glucose,and different concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 or LY294002 (a selective PI3K inhibitor) for 24 h.PCR and immunofluorescent staining were used to detect nephrin,podocin,and desmin.Western blotting was used to detect protein expression of nephrin,podocin,desmin,PI3K,Akt and p-Akt.Results Compared with high glucose group,1,25(OH)2D3 (100 nmol/L and 1000 nmol/L) significantly up-regulated the expression of podocin and nephrin in podocytes induced by high glucose (P ＜ 0.05).Meanwhile,1,25(OH)2D3 (100 nmol/L) significantly reduced the expression of desmin (P ＜ 0.05).PI3K and p-Akt were obviously reduced in high glucose group.In the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3,the trends were reversed.However the above effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 were abolished when p-Akt was blocked by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002.Conclusions 1,25 (OH)2D3 can inhibit high glucose-induced pedocyte injury through PI3K/p-Akt signaling pathway.