Objective The aim of our study was to develop a robust LC-MS/MS method for determination of MN and NMN in blood plasma.Methods A liquid chromatography -tandem mass spectrometric ( LC-MS/MS) method was used, with signal linearity, lower limits of quantitation, precision and accuracy being evaluated.The study recruited 126 healthy volunteers, and MN and NMN in blood plasma were determined.At the same time samples from 21 patients ( 17 pheochromocytoma, 4 ectopic pheochromocytoma) , a hypertension group of 108 persons, and a control group of 84 persons were analyzed. A paired T test was used to compare the MN and NMN levels between the different groups.Results The performance characteristics for the method in terms of linearity, lower limits of quantitation, precision and accuracy were verified.Significant differences were found between the concentration levels of MN and NMN in the diseased and healthy groups.Conclusion A robust and reliable LC-MS/MS method for the determination of MN and NMN in blood plasma has been developed and was shown to be suitable for clinical application.

Anti-HBcAg monoclonal antibodies from mouse ascites were purified by using immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. We optimized the conditions of sample loading and elution. The results showed that when the pH stepwise elution was used, the best solution for sample loading was 20 mmol/L phosphate buffer containing 0.5 mol/L sodium chloride at pH 8.0 and the mAb was eluted at pH 5.0. The purity of obtained mAb was more than 85% and recovery reached 80%. When the adsorbed proteins were eluted by using gradient elution of an imidazole, the best solution for loading condition was 20 mmolL phosphate buffer containing 5 mmol/L imidazole at pH 8.0. The purity and recovery of antibody were up to 95%.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; isolation & purification ; Chromatography, Affinity ; methods ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange ; methods ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens ; immunology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Imidazoles ; chemistry ; Metals ; chemistry ; Mice

Objective:To analyze the temporal and spatial trends of maternal mortality in China, and to predict the future situation of maternal mortality.Methods:Taking the national maternal mortality rate in 1991-2018 and the maternal mortality rate in 2009-2018 in various provinces and cities of China as the research objects, using the statistical description analysis method to analyze the changes of time and space of maternal mortality, and using ARIMA time series model to predict the future situation of maternal mortality in China, rural areas and cities.Results:Regarding to the spatial and temporal distribution of maternal mortality, the maternal mortality rate in China generally showed a certain decline trend. In 1991, the maternal mortality rate was 80.0/100 000, and in 2018, China′s maternal mortality rate was 18.3/100 000, 77.1% lower than that in 1991, with an average annual growth rate of-5.3%; In 2009, Tibet′s maternal mortality rate was the highest, 232.2/100 000, and Jiangsu′s maternal mortality rate was the lowest, 5.2/100 000, with a difference of 44.7times After nine years of development, Tibet is still the province with the highest maternal mortality rate in China, which is 56.5/100 000, while Shanghai has the lowest maternal mortality rate, which is 1.4/100 000, with a difference of 40.4times. In 1991, the rural and urban maternal mortality rates were 46.3/100, 000 and 100.0/100, 000, respectively, and the urban-rural mortality rate was 1∶2.16. By 2022, the urban-rural mortality rate in China was 1∶0.95. Regarding the prediction of maternal mortality for the future, the national maternal mortality rate in 2022 is 10.1/100 000, the urban maternal mortality rate is 16.0/100 000, and the rural maternal mortality rate is 15.0/100 000.Conclusion:The maternal mortality rate in China has been greatly reduced, and the gap between urban and rural areas has decreased from 53.7/100 000 in 1991 to 0.7/100 000 in 2022, showing a downward trend. However, from the model prediction results, there is a slight rebound in the urban maternal mortality rate, while the rural maternal mortality rate remains stable, which suggests that the government and the health administration should pay more attention to the growing trend of urban maternal mortality while taking reasonable measures to reduce the rural maternal mortality rate, so as to avoid the rebound of urban maternal mortality rate.

Background/Aims: Low educational attainment is a well-established risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in developed areas. However, the association between educational attainment and the risk of NAFLD is less clear in China. Methods: A cross-sectional study including over 200,000 Chinese adults across mainland China was conducted. Information on education level and lifestyle factors were obtained through standard questionnaires, while NAFLD and advanced fibrosis were diagnosed using validated formulas. Outcomes included the risk of NAFLD in the general population and high probability of fibrosis among patients with NAFLD. Logistic regression analysis was employed to estimate the risk of NAFLD and fibrosis across education levels. A causal mediation model was used to explore the potential mediators. Results: Comparing with those receiving primary school education, the multi-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for NAFLD were 1.28 (1.16 to 1.41) for men and 0.94 (0.89 to 0.99) for women with college education after accounting for body mass index. When considering waist circumference, the odds ratios (95% CIs) were 0.94 (0.86 to 1.04) for men and 0.88 (0.80 to 0.97) for women, respectively. The proportions mediated by general and central obesity were 51.00% and 68.04% for men, while for women the proportions were 48.58% and 32.58%, respectively. Furthermore, NAFLD patients with lower educational attainment showed an incremental increased risk of advanced fibrosis in both genders. Conclusions In China, a low education level was associated with a higher risk of prevalent NAFLD in women, as well as high probability of fibrosis in both genders.

Objective To forecast the number of healthcare professionals at China′s primary medical institutions from 2016 to 2020 ,so as to provide the healthcare authorities with references for optimizing healthcare human resource allocation .Methods The Grey model was used to predict numbers of healthcare professionals in China from 2016 to 2020 on the base of health technicians data from 2010 to 2015 .Results The forecast results show that the number of healthcare professionals may be increased to about 600000 people a yearfrom 2015 to 2020 .The number of healthcare professionals at China′s primary medical institutions is expected to grow about 204000 people a year ,and general practitioner is increased to about 22000 people a year .The annual growth rates of medical(assistant) practitioners ,medical practitioners ,registered nurses ,pharmaceutical personnel and examiners in China are expected to be 3.20％ ,2.81％ ,6.88％ ,1.53％ and 2.16％ respectively. The annual average growth rates of postgraduates ,undergraduates and junior college graduates are expected to be 16.95％ ,12.08％ and 5.46％ respectively .Conclusions in the future ,the requirements for healthcare professionals at primary institutions will still be higher than demand in China ,with a gap to be filled and their professional makeup and academic title make to be optimized. Therefore greater efforts are required for their development to enhance their competence and professionalism ,with reasonable staffing of the human resources .