ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Maxing Kugan decoction （MKD） on inflammatory response and apoptosis in rats with oleic acid （OA）-induced acute lung injury （ALI） and explore its mechanism of action. MethodsSixty Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly assigned into six groups： a control group， a model group， a dexamethasone-treated group （2 mg·kg^-1）， and three MKD-treated groups at low， medium， and high doses （3.1， 6.2，12.4 g·kg^-1）. Each group was administered either an equivalent volume of normal saline or the corresponding concentration of MKD by gavage for seven consecutive days. The model group and each administration group were used to establish the ALI model by tail vein injection of OA （0.2 mL·kg^-1）. Twelve hours after modeling， blood gas analyses were conducted， and the wet-to-dry （W/D） weight ratio of lung tissue was measured for each group. Additionally， enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to quantify the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） of the rats. Cell damage and apoptosis in lung tissue were examined via hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling （TUNEL） assays， and the results were subsequently scored. The expression levels of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK）/nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB） signaling pathway and apoptosis-related proteins and mRNAs were assessed using Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group exhibited a significant decrease in partial pressure of oxygen （PaO₂）， blood oxygen saturation （SaO₂）， and oxygenation index （PaO₂/FiO₂）， along with a marked increase in partial pressure of carbon dioxide （PaCO₂） and lung W/D ratio （P<0.01）. Additionally， levels of TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β in BALF were significantly elevated （P<0.01）. Histopathological analysis of lung tissue showed significant inflammatory infiltration， tissue edema， alveolar septal thickening， and apoptosis of lung tissue. Pronounced increases were observed in the mRNA expression levels of p38 MAPK， NF-κB p65， inhibitor of NF-κB （IκBα）， B-cell lymphoma-2 associated x protein （Bax）， and Caspases-3， as well as the protein expression levels of p-p38 MAPK， p-NF-κB p65， p-IκBα， Bax， Caspases-3， and cleaved Caspases-3， while the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 was downregulated （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， MKD significantly elevated PaO₂， SaO₂， and PaO₂/FiO₂ while reducing PaCO₂ and W/D ratio in rats （P<0.01）. It also greatly reduced TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β levels in BALF （P<0.01） and alleviated inflammatory infiltration， tissue edema， alveolar septal thickening， and apoptosis of lung tissue. Additionally， it downregulated the mRNA expression of p38 MAPK， NF-κB p65， IκBα， Bax， Caspases-3， as well as protein expression of p-p38 MAPK， p-NF-κB p65， p-IκBα， Bax， Caspases-3， and cleaved Caspases-3 in lung tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while significantly upregulating mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 （P<0.01）. ConclusionMKD exerts a protective effect on OA-induced ALI rats， potentially through the regulation of the p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway to inhibit inflammation and apoptosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Maxing Kugan decoction （MKD） on inflammatory response and apoptosis in rats with oleic acid （OA）-induced acute lung injury （ALI） and explore its mechanism of action. MethodsSixty Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly assigned into six groups： a control group， a model group， a dexamethasone-treated group （2 mg·kg^-1）， and three MKD-treated groups at low， medium， and high doses （3.1， 6.2，12.4 g·kg^-1）. Each group was administered either an equivalent volume of normal saline or the corresponding concentration of MKD by gavage for seven consecutive days. The model group and each administration group were used to establish the ALI model by tail vein injection of OA （0.2 mL·kg^-1）. Twelve hours after modeling， blood gas analyses were conducted， and the wet-to-dry （W/D） weight ratio of lung tissue was measured for each group. Additionally， enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to quantify the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） of the rats. Cell damage and apoptosis in lung tissue were examined via hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling （TUNEL） assays， and the results were subsequently scored. The expression levels of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK）/nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB） signaling pathway and apoptosis-related proteins and mRNAs were assessed using Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group exhibited a significant decrease in partial pressure of oxygen （PaO₂）， blood oxygen saturation （SaO₂）， and oxygenation index （PaO₂/FiO₂）， along with a marked increase in partial pressure of carbon dioxide （PaCO₂） and lung W/D ratio （P<0.01）. Additionally， levels of TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β in BALF were significantly elevated （P<0.01）. Histopathological analysis of lung tissue showed significant inflammatory infiltration， tissue edema， alveolar septal thickening， and apoptosis of lung tissue. Pronounced increases were observed in the mRNA expression levels of p38 MAPK， NF-κB p65， inhibitor of NF-κB （IκBα）， B-cell lymphoma-2 associated x protein （Bax）， and Caspases-3， as well as the protein expression levels of p-p38 MAPK， p-NF-κB p65， p-IκBα， Bax， Caspases-3， and cleaved Caspases-3， while the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 was downregulated （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， MKD significantly elevated PaO₂， SaO₂， and PaO₂/FiO₂ while reducing PaCO₂ and W/D ratio in rats （P<0.01）. It also greatly reduced TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β levels in BALF （P<0.01） and alleviated inflammatory infiltration， tissue edema， alveolar septal thickening， and apoptosis of lung tissue. Additionally， it downregulated the mRNA expression of p38 MAPK， NF-κB p65， IκBα， Bax， Caspases-3， as well as protein expression of p-p38 MAPK， p-NF-κB p65， p-IκBα， Bax， Caspases-3， and cleaved Caspases-3 in lung tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while significantly upregulating mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 （P<0.01）. ConclusionMKD exerts a protective effect on OA-induced ALI rats， potentially through the regulation of the p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway to inhibit inflammation and apoptosis.

Objective: To investigate the association between habitual reading/writing postures and the co-occurrence of common health conditions (overweight/obesity, visual impairment, hypertension, and scoliosis) and comorbidities among children and adolescents, in order to provide data support for the joint prevention of common diseases and comorbidities among children and adolescents. Methods: From September 2021 to June 2022, a multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select a total of 4 577 children and adolescents from 16 primary and secondary schools in Ningxia: Jinfeng District of Yinchuan City, Shapotou District of Zhongwei City, Yanchi County of Wuzhong City, and Pingluo County of Shizuishan City. A weighted complex sampling design was used to investigate the association of habitual reading and writing postures with common comorbidities in children and adolescents. Results: The prevalence rates of common diseases among children and adolescents in Ningxia were as follows: overweight/obesity was 22.87%, visual impairment was 62.52%, scoliosis was 2.30%, and hypertension was 1.30%. The prevalence of multimorbidity (co-occurrence of ≥2 conditions) among Ningxia children and adolescents was 15.95%. Multivariate unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that frequent/always collapsing waist and sitting forward with head lowered increased the risk of common comorbidities in children and adolescents ( OR =1.90, P <0.05). Compared with the corresponding reference group, male children and adolescents aged 9 to 12 years and boys had relatively lower risks of overweight/obesity ( OR =0.71, 0.70); the risk of poor vision among children and adolescents aged 9 to 12 years, male, and urban was relatively low ( OR =0.59, 0.60, 0.73)( P < 0.05 ). Children and adolescents who often/always sat leaning to the left or right were at higher risk of poor vision ( OR =1.78); urban children and adolescents had a higher risk of developing scoliosis ( OR =3.71); children and adolescents aged 9 to 12 had a relatively low risk of developing hypertension ( OR =0.09), and children and adolescents who often/always bent their backs and sat forward on their knees had a higher risk of hypertension ( OR =5.03)( P <0.05). Conclusions Ningxia has a high incidence of common diseases and multiple diseases among children and adolescents, frequent or always collapsing waist and sitting forward with head lowered is associated with common comorbidities in children and adolescents in Ningxia. Proper postural measures for reading and writing should be carried out as soon as possible to encourage children and adolescents to develop good reading and writing habits for effectively preventing and controlling the occurrence of common diseases.

[摘 要] 目的：探讨环化自erb-b2受体酪氨酸激酶2（ERBB2）基因的circ_0007766分子在前列腺癌（PCa）细胞中的作用及缺氧对其表达调控的影响。方法：qRT-PCR检测circ_0007766分子在PCa细胞及组织中的表达；分别转染circ0007766的siRNA至PCa细胞DU145和PC3中，平板克隆实验、CCK-8实验和Transwell 实验检测circ_0007766敲低对PCa细胞克隆形成、增殖、迁移和侵袭能力的影响；厌氧袋法建立DU145和PC3细胞的缺氧细胞模型，WB法检测缺氧通路关键分子HIF-1α的蛋白表达，qRT-PCR检测缺氧模型细胞中circ_0007766分子的表达，WB检测RNA结合蛋白真核翻译起始因子4A3（EIF4A3）的蛋白水平表达，RNA免疫沉淀（RIP）法检测缺氧条件下EIF4A3与circ_0007766的结合，qRT-PCR进一步检测缺氧条件下敲低EIF4A3对circ_0007766表达的影响。结果：circ_0007766在PCa细胞（P < 0.01）及PCa组织（P < 0.05）中呈高表达；敲低circ_0007766（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）能显著抑制PCa细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力（均P < 0.01）。缺氧条件下HIF-1α蛋白表达增加，表明缺氧细胞模型建立成功。qRT-PCR检测结果显示，相较于常氧组，缺氧组circ_0007766的表达显著升高（P < 0.01），WB法检测结果显示缺氧组细胞中EIF4A3 的蛋白表达增强。RIP实验结果显示，circ_0007766在EIF4A3富集组高度富集（P < 0.01）。qRT-PCR检测结果显示，缺氧可显著促进circ_0007766的表达，同时，敲低EIF4A3分子可显著降低缺氧诱导的circ_0007766的表达（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）。结论: circ_0007766在PCa细胞中扮演着促癌分子的角色，其表达形成与缺氧条件下EIF4A3分子的调控有关。

Objective To construct programmed cell death protein-ligand 1(PD-LI)^hi tolerogenic dendritic cell (tol-DC) derived from bone marrow of DA rats and identify its immunological function. Methods DA rat bone marrow cells were extracted, combined with recombinant mouse granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and recombinant mouse interleukin (IL)-4, and cultured for 6 days in vitro to induce the differentiation of bone marrow cells into immature dendritic cells (imDC). Lipopolysaccharide was used to stimulate cell maturation and cultured for 2 days to collect mature dendritic cells (mDC). PD-L1 lentiviral vector virus stock solution or equivalent dose lentiviral stock solution was added, and PD-L1^hitol-DC and Lv-imDC were collected after culture for 2 days. The morphology of PD-L1^hitol-DC was observed by inverted phase contrast microscope and transmission electron microscope. Real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and flow cytometry were used to detect the expression level of specific markers on cell surface. CD8⁺T cells derived from Lewis rat spleen were co-cultured with imDC, mDC, Lv-imDC and PD-L1^hitol-DC, respectively. The levels of inflammatory factors in the supernatant of each group were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The apoptosis of T cells and the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Treg) in each group were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results The morphology of PD-L1^hitol-DC modified by PD-L1 gene was consistent with tol-DC characteristics, and the expression levels of CD80, CD86 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on the surface were low. After mixed culture with CD8⁺ T cells, the levels of IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF) -β1 in the supernatant of PD-L1^hitol-DC group were higher, the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α and IL-17A were lower, and the apoptosis of T cells and Treg differentiation were increased. Conclusions Overexpression of PD-L1 through lentiviral vectors may successfully induce the construction of bone-marrow derived PD-L1^hitol-DC in DA rats, promote the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors and T cell apoptosis, induce the differentiation of Treg, and inhibit the immune response of allogeneic CD8⁺T cells, which provides experimental basis for the next organ transplantation immune tolerance study.

Objective To systematically evaluate the radiation impact of radioactive sources used in online elemental analyzers in cement enterprises on the surrounding environment, and to provide a scientific basis for radiation monitoring and safety management at the application sites of this type of radioactive sources. Methods A statistical analysis was conducted on 15 cement enterprises in Guangxi Province using online elemental analyzers with ²⁵²Cf as the radioactive source. On-site investigation of radiation safety management and on-site monitoring of radiation environment were performed, followed by an evaluation based on the collected data. Results Although the gamma radiation ambient dose equivalent rate and neutron ambient dose equivalent rate increased around the sites using online elemental analyzers with ²⁵²Cf as the radioactive source, they all met the requirements of the Radiological Health Protection Requirements for Instruments with Sealed Sources (GBZ 125—2009). Conclusion Under the current usage and management conditions, the application of this type of radioactive sources has controllable radiation impact on the surrounding environment, and will not pose a threat to public health and environmental safety. However, continuous strengthening of radiation safety management measures and regular radiation monitoring work are still needed to ensure the safe use of radioactive sources, further reducing potential radiation risks and providing strong guarantees for the safe application of radioactive sources in online elemental analyzers in cement enterprises.

Based on current national policies, regulations, standards, relevant literature, and departmental experience regarding the protection against radionuclides in China, this study provides a brief overview of key issues in the management of hospital wards for patients with internal radionuclide contamination. The discussion covers the detection of internal contamination, general requirements for internal radionuclide contamination wards, and inpatient management. In addition, the study explores in depth the daily responsibilities, protective measures, and management protocols for both healthcare staff and patients within such wards. This article summarizes a framework for the construction of internal radionuclide contamination wards, along with specific plans and detailed role-based guidelines. These results provide a reference for the management of hospital wards for patients with internal radionuclide contamination.

Background Prenatal chronic psychological stress may increase the risk of allergic diseases in children, and eczema is the most common allergic disease in children, the pathogenesis of which is not yet fully understood. Objective To preliminarily clarify the changes in offspring intestinal flora after chronic stress exposure during pregnancy in rats that increases offspring immune imbalance and eczema susceptibility. Methods Thirty SPF-grade adult female SD rats were selected and randomly divided into a model group and a control group (n=15). Sixteen male rats were randomly divided into a model mating group and a control mating group (n=8). A 28-day chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model during pregnancy was established. On the 7th day of stress, male and female rats were caged in a ratio of 3:1. Blood samples were collected from female rats in each group via angular vein on the 1st day before stress, and on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days after stress. The content of plasma corticosterone during pregnancy was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For the offspring rats, an eczema model was constructed using 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). The number of scratching times of the offspring rats within 5 min was recorded. The offspring rats were divided into 4 groups: DNCB-CUMS group (MM), DNCB-control group (MC), solvent control-CUMS group (CM), and blank control group (CC), with 8 rats in each group. The eczema was induced once every 3 days, and the induction period was 12 d. The expression level of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the serum of offspring rats after the eczema induction experiment were determined by ELISA. The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-13 (IL-13) in the serum were quantified by multi-parameter flow cytometry. The composition and abundance of intestinal microbiota in the feces of offspring rats were detected by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology. Results The plasma corticosterone concentrations in the model group were higher than those in the control group on the 7th and 21st days of stress (P<0.05). On the 14th and 21st days of stress, the 1% sucrose preference percentages of female rats in the model group were lower than that in the control group. On the 7th, 14th, and 21st days of stress, the horizontal movement scores of female rats in the model group and the vertical movement scores on the 7th and 14th days were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After 6, 9, and 12 d of model building, the scratching frequencies in the MC group and MM group were significantly higher than those in the CC group and CM group (P<0.05). Moreover, there were differences in the contents of cytokines including IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-13, and IgE among the offspring rat groups (P<0.05). The CM group and MM group led to an increase in the contents of TNF-α, IL-4, IL-13, and IgE cytokines (P<0.05), while the MM group caused a decrease in the contents of IFN-γ and IL-2 (P<0.05). After the eczema induction experiment, the α-diversity analysis showed that the Simpson index and Shannon index in the CM were higher than those in the CC (P<0.05), indicating that CUMS during the pregnancy of female rats could increase the species abundance of their offspring. The abundances of Prevotella and Lactobacillus in the CM group decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Intestinal dysbiosis in offspring due to chronic prenatal psychological stress, which may be one of the mechanisms linking maternal stress to immune imbalance and increased susceptibility to eczema in offspring.

OBJECTIVE To provide a reference for pharmaceutical care in patients with ulcerative colitis （UC） and ankylosing spondylitis （AS） who developed pustular psoriasis induced by infliximab. METHODS Clinical pharmacists participated in the pharmaceutical care process of a patient with UC and AS who developed pustular psoriasis after using infliximab. The clinical pharmacists determined， using Naranjo’s Scale， that the correlation between the patient’s pustular psoriasis and infliximab was “likely”. Regarding the patient’s development of pustular psoriasis after using infliximab， the clinical pharmacists recommended discontinuing infliximab and switching to Upadacitinib extended-release tablets. For the patient’s skin allergic reaction after using upadacitinib， the clinical pharmacists advised continuing the use of upadacitinib and closely monitoring any potential adverse reactions during the treatment period. RESULTS The clinicians adopted the clinical pharmacists’ recommendation. Following the treatment， the patient’s symptoms were significantly alleviated， and the patient was discharged with medication. The follow-up after discharge showed that the treatment was effective and well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS The clinical pharmacists analyzed the causal relationship between infliximab and pustular psoriasis. Through pharmaceutical care measures such as dynamic monitoring of skin lesions， evaluation of treatment responses， and optimization of drug regimens， they assisted the physicians in formulating an individualized medication plan， ensuring the safety and efficacy of the patient’s medication use.

ObjectiveTo explore the syndromes and mechanisms of depression induced by maternal separation （MS） combined with chronic restraint stress （RS） in mice. MethodOn postnatal day 0 （PD0）， the offspring mice were randomized into a blank group （NC） and a modeling group. The mouse model of depression was established by MS+RS for 21 days. After removal of female mice on PD21， the modeled mice were randomized into model， Wenyang， Jieyu， Wenyang Jieyu， and fluoxetine groups， with 15 mice in each group. The sucrose preference， tail suspension， and open field tests were carried out to evaluate the anxiety and depression-like behavior in mice. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the adrenocorticotrophic hormone （ACTH） and corticosterone （CORT） levels in mouse plasma. High performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detector was used to determine the content of monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was employed to determine the mRNA levels of genes in the 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） system， hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis， and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） signaling pathway in the hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry was employed to determine the expression levels of proteins in the 5-HT system and HPA axis in the hippocampus. The Simple Western system was used to determine the protein levels of BDNF and tyrosine kinase receptor B （TrkB） in the hippocampus. ResultCompared with the NC group， the model group exhibited depression-like behavior， which was significantly relieved by Wenyang Jieyu prescription and fluoxetine. Compared with the NC group， the model group showed elevated levels of CORT and ACTH in the plasma （P<0.01）， which， however， were lowered by Wenyang Jieyu prescription and fluoxetine （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the NC group， the model group showed inhibited expression of neurotransmitters in the hippocampus （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while Wenyang Jieyu prescription and fluoxetine restored the expression of neurotransmitters （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with NC group， the model group showed inhibition of the 5-HTergic nerve and abnormal activation of the HPA axis， and Wenyang Jieyu prescription and fluoxetine regulated the abnormal state of the 5-HTergic nerve and HPA axis. Compared with NC group， the modeling down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus （P<0.05， P<0.01）， which， however， were recovered in Wenyang， Jieyu， Wenyang Jieyu， and fluoxetine groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe mouse model of depression induced by MS+RS may present the syndrome of Yang deficiency and liver depression. Wenyang Jieyu prescription may increase the content of hippocampal neurotransmitters by regulating the 5-HT system and the BDNF signaling pathway mediated by the HPA axis， thereby alleviating depression-like behavior in mice.