OBJECTIVE:To prepare phloroglucinol for injection,establish its quality control and determine its stability.METHODS:The type and dosage of the adjuvant in the formula were optimized and the phloroglucinol for injection was prepared,with its content determined by HPLC.Meanwhile its stability was tested.RESULTS:Mannitol 100.0g was determined as the adjuvant in the formula.The linear range of phloroglucinol was 0.13～ 1.04mg.mL-1(r=1.000 0).No obvious changes were observed at 6 month of an accelerated test or 12 month of long-term storage test.CONCLUSIONS:The preparation is reasonable and feasible in techniques,controllable and stable in quality;and the established method is recurrent,specific and the determination results are within defined margin.

Ramie and kenaf were traditional fiber crops in China, but their stalk after decorticating has not been used effectively. The stalk contains a lot of cellulose, and can therefore be used for the production of bioethanol. We studied the effects of different chemical pretreatment on enzymatic digestibility of ramie stalk and kenaf stalk. Ramie and kenaf stalks pretreated with alkali were chosen to produce ethanol using quasi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (Q-SSF) process. The results show that for the stalks pretreated with 4% NaOH and 0.02% anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid sodium salt (AQSS) as catalyzer at 170 degrees C for 1 h, the ethanol concentration could reach 51 g/L after fermentation for 168 h at 18% of solid substrate concentration. By fed-batch to 20% of solid substrate concentration, the ethanol concentration could reach 63 g/L, 77% and 79% of the cellulose conversion could get for ramie stalk and kenaf stalk, respectively. For kenaf stalk pretreated with 5.2% NaHSO3 and 0.2% H2SO4 at 170 degrees C for 1 h, the ethanol concentration and cellulose conversion could reach to 65 g/L and 72%, respectively.
Alkalies ; Biofuels ; Biotransformation ; Boehmeria ; Cellulose ; China ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Fermentation ; Hibiscus ; Hydrolysis ; Plant Stems ; chemistry

The therapeutic effect of acupuncture in treating the patients with urine retention after spinal and craniocerebral injuries was observed.Methods:Eighty patients with urine retention were divided into treatment group and control group.The patients in the treatment group were treated by puncturing Baliao (BL 31-34),Zhongii(CV 3) and Guanyuan (CV 4).The patients in the control group were treated by routine therapy of Western medicine.Resuits:In treatment group,33 cases were cured,5 cases got effectiveness and 2 cases had no effectiveness.In control group,25 cases were cured,7 cases got effectiveness and 8 cases had no effectiveness.Conclusion:The therapeutic effect of acupuncture was superior to that of routine therapy of Westem medicine in treating urine retention following spinal and craniocerebral injuries.

0.05).Conclusion:TH1 cell might not complicate in the pathogenesis of RSV bronchiolitis. The IL-2 levels showed a heterogenous behavior.

Aim To investigate the role of Wnt/β-cate-nin signaling pathway on the baicalin-induced osteo-genic differentiation in rat bone marrow derived mesen-chymal stem cells ( rBMSC ) . Methods rBMSC was isolated and cultured by adherence screening method. Alkaline phosphatase ( ALP) amount, CFU-FALP and mineralized nodules were compared between each ba-icalin group and vehicle control group at different time points. Real time q-PCR was employed to evaluate the mRNA level of Wnt signaling-related marker ( Wnt10a, GSK-3β,β-catenin and LEF1) after baica-lin treatment. Protein expression of β-catenin and Runx2 was measured by Western blot. Results Ba-icalin significantly increased ALP activities from day 3 to day 7 . The formation of CFU-FALP and mineralized nodules remarkably increased after rBMSC was treated with1, 10, 50 μmol · L-1 baicalin. mRNA levels of Wnt10a, β-catenin, GSK-3β, LEF1and osteocalcin were enhanced significantly in baicalin-treated group compared to control group. Protein expression of β-catenin and Runx2 was also elevated. Conclusion Baicalin ( 0. 1 to 50 μmol · L-1 ) promotes the osteo-genic differentiation and maturation of rBMSC, in which Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway might be in-volved.

OBJECTIVE: To explore a research path and statistical analytical method for cost-utility analysis suitable for gallstone surgery patients.METHODS: A decision-making model for the treatment of cholelithiasis surgery was established;the costs(C) and utility values at each nodal point(? U) were collected,with the results subjected to sensitivity analysis and threshold analysis.RESULTS: The cost-utility ratios(CUR) of laparoscopic operation and open surgery were 4 605.6(? 30%) yuan/QALY and 5 979.7(? 30%) yuan/QALY,respectively.One dimension sensitivity analysis of each( every) parameter reveals that the former CUR value is greater than the latter one.C1 and ? U1 showed the biggest impact on the CUR of laparoscopic operation,while C5 and ? U5 did on the CUR of open surgery.When C1=10 205.6 yuan,or ? U1=1.303 or C5=10 979.8 yuan or ? U5=3.095,CUR of laparoscopic operation was equal to CUR of open surgery,which means that the conversion of threshold was achieved.CONCLUSION: The designed research path and statistic analytic methods are suitable for the cost-utility analysis of cholelithiasis surgery patients.

BACKGROUND:The effect of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on bone resorption is controversial. Our previous study has shown that bone resorption is significantly inhibited when AGEs present with pre-osteoclast cells RAW 264.7, while the effect of AGEs on osteoclastic acidification remains unknown. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of AGEs on osteoclastic acidification and the underlying mechanism. METHODS:RAW 264.7 cells were induced by RANKL (15μg/L;normal group) to generate osteoclasts, and AGEs (50-400 mg/L;experimental group) or bovine serum albumin (100 mg/L;control group) were added at the beginning of the induction. The effect of AGEs on bone resorption was evaIuated by anaIyzing the area of bone resorption on the Osteo Assay Surface plates, and the effect of AGEs on osteoclastic acidification was evaluated by acridine orange staining. Furthermore, the expression levels of V-ATPase a3 and CIC-7 were detected to investigate the underlying mechanism. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The bone resorption area in the AGEs group was significantly decreased compared with the normal group (P<0.05). Acridine orange staining reveaIed that the red fluorescence (620 nm) intensity in the AGEs group was significantly decreased compared with the normal group (P<0.05), and this inhibitory effect became obvious with the increase of AGEs concentration. Immunocytochemistry, western blot assay and PCR findings showed that the expression levels of V-ATPase a3 and CIC-7 in the AGEs group were decreased significantly compared with the normal group (P<0.05). To conclude, AGEs exert inhibitory effect on osteoclastic acidification, probably by inhibiting the expression of V-ATPase a3 and CIC-7.

Objective To explore the effects of lifestyle intervention on index of early artery diseases in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods Eighty-seven nondiabetic patients with MS were randomly assigned to the intervention group ( n =47) and the control group ( n =40).The patients in the intervention group received health education,diet control,regular physical exercises,and unhealthy habit correction; however,the control group did not receive any intervention.All the patients were followed up for 9 months.Body mass index (BMI),waist circumference (WC),systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ),fasting blood glucose (FBG),HbAlc,fasting insulin (FINS),HOMA-IR,high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP),carotid intima-media thickness (IMT),brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and ankle-brachial index(ABI) were measured at baseline and at 9 months.ResultsAfter 6 or 9 months' intervention,BMI,WC,SBP,TG,HDL-C,FPG,HbAlc,FINS,HOMA-IR and hs-CRP of the intervention group were improved (all P ＜ 0.05). HDL-C,FPG,HbAlc,FINS,HOMA-IR and hs-CRP of the intervention group were further improved at 9 months when compared to 6 months ( all P ＜ 0.05 ). In comparison with the control group,BMI,WC,HDL-C,FPG,HbA1 c,FINS,HOMA-IR and hs-CRP were significantly improved in the intervention group at 9 months ( all P ＜ 0.05 ).After 6 or 9 months' intervention,baPWV and ABI were significantly changed ( both P ＜ 0.05 ) in the intervention group although IMT of the carotid did not changed (P ＞0.05). BaPWV and ABI were significantly changed in the intervention group when compared with those in the control group at 9 months ( both P ＜ 0.05).The abnormal rate of baPWV in the intervention group at 9 months was 44.68％. BaPWV and ABI were associated with hs-CRP and HOMA-IR.ConclusionsIn nondiabetic MS patients, health management could significantly improve insulin resistance,modify metabolic disorders,and prevent the development of atherosclerosis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and education level in Su-Xi-Chang area to provide evidence for healthcare policy making. Methods A clustered sampling of 6798 subjects from Su-Xi-Chang areas of Jiangsu Province was included. Questionnaires and physical examinations were completed to collect clinical data. Logistic regression was used to analyze weather education level could be an independent risk factor of MS. Results Significant differences were found in waist circumstance (WC) ,systolic blood pressure (SBP) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) among participants with different education level. Significant differences were also existed in triglyceride and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between subjects with higher and lower education level ( P＜0. 05 ). In single-factor or multivariate analysis, education level was negatively correlated with the prevalence of MS (P＜0. 05 ). Conclusions Education level may be an independent risk factor of MS. People with low and moderate education level have higher risk of MS. Therefore,it is recommended that health-related information should become an integral part of the compulsory education system.

Objective To investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and diet style in the elderly. Methods The 781 old people were consecutively selected. Related data were collected by means of questionnaires and physical examinations. And logistic regression was performed to analyze if moderate and high fat diet were risk factors of MS. Results The total prevalence rate of MS in old people was 40. 7%, with 36.7% in old males and 55.4% in old females,and the prevalence rate of MS was higher in old women than in old men (P=0. 000). The significant differences in waist circumferences among three groups of low, moderate and high-fat diet [(86.0±9.3) cm vs. (88.8±8.5) cm vs. (90. 0±7.9) cm, respectively (all P＜0.05)]were found. Fasting blood glucose showed a significant difference between two groups of low and high-fat diet, with the results of (5.78 ± 0.98) mmol/L and (6.27 ± 1.80) mmol/L, respectively ( P＜0. 05 ). The logistic regression analysis showed that odds ratio for people with moderate and high-fat diets were 1. 541 ( 1. 092-2. 174) and 2. 293 ( 1. 317-3. 994), respectively (P＜0.05), which indicated that moderate and high-fat diet was independent risk factors for MS in old people. Conclusions Both moderate and high-fat diets are risk factors of MS in old population, low fat diet with food balance is recommended to old population in order to decrease the prevalence of MS.