As a non-invasive treatment method,transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation(TAES)can regulate neurological function,endocrine function and immune function through electrical stimulation for specific acupoints,which shows wide application potential in postoperative pain management,promotion of bone healing and rehabilitation in orthopedic surgery.TAES treatment has a series characteristics include non-invasiveness,convenience and effectiveness,which provides a new adjuvant treatment method for orthopedic diseases.This review elaborated the research advances of the application of TAES in orthopedics field,which provided references for further exploring its mechanism and clinical application in the future research.

Objective To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture at"Zusanli"(ST36)on type 3 innate lymphoid cells(ILC3s)secreting interleukin(IL)-22 and intestinal cholinergic neurons in the colon of mice with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),and to explore the mechanisms underlying electroacupuncture-mediated amelioration of IBD.Methods Twenty-four male C57BL/6J mice were divided into a normal group(n=8)and a modeling group(n=16)using the random number table method.The modeling group received 4％dextran sulfate sodium solution ad libitum for 7 days to establish the IBD model.On the fourth day after modeling,the modeling group was divided into a model group and an electroacupuncture group using the random number table method,with eight mice per group.Electroacupuncture intervention was applied bilaterally at"Zusanli"(ST36)in mice of the electroacupuncture group,once daily for 20 min each time,for seven consecutive days.After intervention,stool characteristics and occult blood were assessed.The disease activity index(DAI)of mice in each group was scored,and colon length was measured.The morphology of the colon tissue in mice was observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining,and the histopathological score was determined.A cytometric bead array was used to detect the contents of IL-1β,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and IL-6 in colon tissue.Flow cytometry was used to determine the IL-22+ILC3s proportion in lamina propria lymphocytes of colon tissue.The content of IL-22 in colon tissue was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Immunofluorescence was used to detect the number of choline acetyltransferase(ChAT)+/cellular Fos(c-Fos)+co-labeled neurons in colon tissue.Results Compared with the normal group,mice in the model group exhibited different degrees of loose stools,strongly positive fecal occult blood test,elevated DAI scores,shortened colon length,increased colon histopathological score;increased contents of IL-1β,TNF-α,and IL-6 in colon tissue;and a decreased IL-22+ILC3s proportion in lamina propria lymphocytes of colon tissue(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,mice in the electroacupuncture group exhibited improved fecal traits,weakly positive fecal occult blood test,decreased DAI score,increased colon length,reduced colon histopathological score;decreased contents of IL-1β,TNF-α,and IL-6 in colon tissues;an increased IL-22+ILC3s proportion in lamina propria lymphocytes of colon tissue;increased IL-22 content in colon tissue;and increased ChAT+/c-Fos+co-labeled neurons in colon tissue(P＜0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture at"Zusanli"(ST36)can significantly ameliorate colonic damage and reduce inflammatory responses in IBD mice,and its mechanism may be related to the activation of intestinal cholinergic neurons and the enhancement of colonic ILC3s function.

Objective To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture at"Zusanli"(ST36)on type 3 innate lymphoid cells(ILC3s)secreting interleukin(IL)-22 and intestinal cholinergic neurons in the colon of mice with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),and to explore the mechanisms underlying electroacupuncture-mediated amelioration of IBD.Methods Twenty-four male C57BL/6J mice were divided into a normal group(n=8)and a modeling group(n=16)using the random number table method.The modeling group received 4％dextran sulfate sodium solution ad libitum for 7 days to establish the IBD model.On the fourth day after modeling,the modeling group was divided into a model group and an electroacupuncture group using the random number table method,with eight mice per group.Electroacupuncture intervention was applied bilaterally at"Zusanli"(ST36)in mice of the electroacupuncture group,once daily for 20 min each time,for seven consecutive days.After intervention,stool characteristics and occult blood were assessed.The disease activity index(DAI)of mice in each group was scored,and colon length was measured.The morphology of the colon tissue in mice was observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining,and the histopathological score was determined.A cytometric bead array was used to detect the contents of IL-1β,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and IL-6 in colon tissue.Flow cytometry was used to determine the IL-22+ILC3s proportion in lamina propria lymphocytes of colon tissue.The content of IL-22 in colon tissue was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Immunofluorescence was used to detect the number of choline acetyltransferase(ChAT)+/cellular Fos(c-Fos)+co-labeled neurons in colon tissue.Results Compared with the normal group,mice in the model group exhibited different degrees of loose stools,strongly positive fecal occult blood test,elevated DAI scores,shortened colon length,increased colon histopathological score;increased contents of IL-1β,TNF-α,and IL-6 in colon tissue;and a decreased IL-22+ILC3s proportion in lamina propria lymphocytes of colon tissue(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,mice in the electroacupuncture group exhibited improved fecal traits,weakly positive fecal occult blood test,decreased DAI score,increased colon length,reduced colon histopathological score;decreased contents of IL-1β,TNF-α,and IL-6 in colon tissues;an increased IL-22+ILC3s proportion in lamina propria lymphocytes of colon tissue;increased IL-22 content in colon tissue;and increased ChAT+/c-Fos+co-labeled neurons in colon tissue(P＜0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture at"Zusanli"(ST36)can significantly ameliorate colonic damage and reduce inflammatory responses in IBD mice,and its mechanism may be related to the activation of intestinal cholinergic neurons and the enhancement of colonic ILC3s function.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the level of angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor autoantibody (AT1-AA) in the uterine fluid and the thickness of endometrium in infertile women with chronic endometritis.Methods:A case-control study was conducted to select 122 patients who underwent hysteroscopy and endometrial tissue biopsy at Assisted Reproduction Center, Taiyuan Central Hospital due to infertility from March 2023 to January 2024 as the study subjects. According to the results of hysteroscopy and endometrial tissue biopsy, the patients were divided into 52 cases in the infertility group with normal endometrium (NE infertility group) and the chronic endometritis combined with infertility group (CE infertility group) with 70 cases. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the level of AT1-AA in uterine fluid of the two groups. General clinical data, AT1-AA absorbance value of uterine fluid and uterine related indexes of the two groups were analyzed, and the correlations between AT1-AA level and the variation of indexes were analyzed.Results:Gravidity (median: 1 vs 1; Z=7.029, P=0.030) and parity (median: 0 vs 0; Z=12.258, P=0.002) in CE infertility group were higher than those in NE infertility group. There was AT1-AA in the uterine fluid, and the level of AT1-AA in CE infertility group was significantly higher than that in NE infertility group (median: 2.07 vs 1.44; Z=3.099, P=0.029). The endometrial thickness of CE infertility group was lower than that of NE infertility group (median: 6.0 vs 7.0 mm; Z=-2.179, P=0.029), and there were no statistical differences in other indexes between the two groups (all P>0.05). Further correlation analysis showed that there were no correlation between the level of AT1-AA in uterine fluid and parity, endometrial thickness, gravidity in NE infertility group (all P>0.05). However, the level of AT1-AA in uterine fluid of CE infertility group was positively correlated with parity (Spearman′s r=0.339, P=0.004), and negatively correlated with endometrial thickness (Spearman′s r=-0.499, P<0.001), but not correlated with gravidity ( P>0.05). Conclusions:AT1-AA is present in the uterine fluid of infertile women. The elevated level of AT1-AA in uterine fluid of infertile women with CE is related to the thinning of the endometrium.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the level of angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor autoantibody (AT1-AA) in the uterine fluid and the thickness of endometrium in infertile women with chronic endometritis.Methods:A case-control study was conducted to select 122 patients who underwent hysteroscopy and endometrial tissue biopsy at Assisted Reproduction Center, Taiyuan Central Hospital due to infertility from March 2023 to January 2024 as the study subjects. According to the results of hysteroscopy and endometrial tissue biopsy, the patients were divided into 52 cases in the infertility group with normal endometrium (NE infertility group) and the chronic endometritis combined with infertility group (CE infertility group) with 70 cases. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the level of AT1-AA in uterine fluid of the two groups. General clinical data, AT1-AA absorbance value of uterine fluid and uterine related indexes of the two groups were analyzed, and the correlations between AT1-AA level and the variation of indexes were analyzed.Results:Gravidity (median: 1 vs 1; Z=7.029, P=0.030) and parity (median: 0 vs 0; Z=12.258, P=0.002) in CE infertility group were higher than those in NE infertility group. There was AT1-AA in the uterine fluid, and the level of AT1-AA in CE infertility group was significantly higher than that in NE infertility group (median: 2.07 vs 1.44; Z=3.099, P=0.029). The endometrial thickness of CE infertility group was lower than that of NE infertility group (median: 6.0 vs 7.0 mm; Z=-2.179, P=0.029), and there were no statistical differences in other indexes between the two groups (all P>0.05). Further correlation analysis showed that there were no correlation between the level of AT1-AA in uterine fluid and parity, endometrial thickness, gravidity in NE infertility group (all P>0.05). However, the level of AT1-AA in uterine fluid of CE infertility group was positively correlated with parity (Spearman′s r=0.339, P=0.004), and negatively correlated with endometrial thickness (Spearman′s r=-0.499, P<0.001), but not correlated with gravidity ( P>0.05). Conclusions:AT1-AA is present in the uterine fluid of infertile women. The elevated level of AT1-AA in uterine fluid of infertile women with CE is related to the thinning of the endometrium.

As a non-invasive treatment method,transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation(TAES)can regulate neurological function,endocrine function and immune function through electrical stimulation for specific acupoints,which shows wide application potential in postoperative pain management,promotion of bone healing and rehabilitation in orthopedic surgery.TAES treatment has a series characteristics include non-invasiveness,convenience and effectiveness,which provides a new adjuvant treatment method for orthopedic diseases.This review elaborated the research advances of the application of TAES in orthopedics field,which provided references for further exploring its mechanism and clinical application in the future research.

Recent studies have shown that stress can substantially facilitate breast cancer metastasis,which can be reduced by nonselective β1/β2-adrenergic receptor(β1/β2-AR)blocker.However,several side effects were identified.Thus,it is extremely warranted to explore more effective and better-tolerated β2-AR blocker.Currently,we demonstrated that baicalin(BA),a major bioactive component of Scutellaria bai-calensis Georgi,could significantly attenuate stress hormones especially epinephrine(Epi)-induced breast cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro.Mechanistically,we identified that β2-AR was a direct target of BA via the drug affinity responsive target stability(DARTS)combined with mass spectrum assay,and BA photoaffinity probe with pull-down assay,which was further confirmed by a couple of bio-physical and biochemical assays.Furthermore,we demonstrated that BA could directly bind to the Phe-193 and Phe-289 of β2-AR,subsequently inhibit cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A-focal adhesion kinase(cAMP-PKA-FAK)pathway,and thus impede epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),thereby hindering the metastatic progression of the chronic stress coupled with syngeneic and xenograft in vivo orthotopic and tail vein mouse model.These findings firstly identify BA as a potential β2-AR inhibitor in the treatment of stress-induced breast cancer metastasis.

Objective:To investigate the presence of angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor autoantibodies (AT1-AA) in follicular fluid, and to investigate the correlation between AT1-AA levels and follicular development in follicular fluid of infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods:A case-control study was conducted on 182 infertile patients who underwent in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET) at the Center for Reproductive Medicine of Taiyuan Central Hospital from June 2021 to October 2022. There were 80 cases in the fallopian tube factor group (tubal factor group) and 102 cases in PCOS infertility group (PCOS group). Univariate analysis was performed for the general data, ovulation induction indexes and embryonic laboratory indexes of the two groups. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the level of AT1-AA in follicular fluid on the day of oocyte retrieval. Pearson or Spearman was used to analyze the correlation between AT1-AA level and follicle development indexes, and multiple linear regression was used to adjust for interfering factors to analyze the correlation between AT1-AA level and embryonic laboratory indicators. Results:Body mass index [BMI, (25.29±3.25) kg/m 2], antral follicle count [AFC, 24.00 (17.00, 24.00)], basal serum teststerone [0.50 (0.36, 0.79) μg/L] and anti-Müllerian hormone [AMH, 4.92 (2.57, 8.28) μg/L] in PCOS group were significantly higher than those in tubal factor group [(23.01±2.92) kg/m 2, P<0.001; 15.00 (10.25, 19.00), P<0.001; 0.38 (0.20, 0.59) μg/L, P=0.019; 3.06 (2.19, 4.89) μg/L, P=0.006]. Moreover, the AT1-AA P/N value in follicular fluid in PCOS group [4.24 (2.07, 8.89)] was significantly higher than that in tubal factor group [2.96 (1.86, 4.84), P=0.027]. In addition, the age of menarche in PCOS group [13.00 (12.00, 14.00) years] was earlier than that in tubal factor group [14.00 (13.00, 15.00) years, P=0.007]. Prolactin level [12.09 (9.65, 16.64) μg/L] was lower than that of tubal factor group [16.27 (12.86, 20.94) μg/L, P=0.002], and there were no statistical differences in other indexes between the two groups (all P>0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the level of AT1-AA in follicular fluid of PCOS patients was negatively correlated with oocyte retrieval rate ( r=-0.159, P=0.019). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that AT1-AA level in follicular fluid was negatively correlated with oocyte retrieval rate ( β=-0.598, P=0.028) and normal fertilization rate ( β=-0.527, P=0.022) after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion:The level of AT1-AA in follicular fluid in PCOS patients is significantly higher than that in patients with tubal infertility, and is negatively correlated with oocyte retrieval rate and normal fertilization rate.

Objective:To investigate the application value of modified closure of overlap anastomotic common opening in total laparoscopic radical gastrectomy.Methods:The retrospec-tive and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 39 patients with gastric cancer who underwent total laparoscopic radical gastrectomy in Shanxi Hospital of Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2023 to January 2024 were collected. There were 27 males and 12 females, aged (61±9)years. All patients underwent total laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer, with gastrointestinal reconstruction using overlap anastomosis and a modified closure of overlap anastomotic common opening. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and count data were expressed as absolute numbers. Results:(1) Intraoperative and postoperative conditions. All 39 patients underwent total laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer, with gastrointestinal reconstruction using overlap anastomosis and a modified closure of overlap anastomotic common opening successfully, without conversion to open surgery or thoracotomy. The operation time of 39 patient was (210±52)minutes, with the volume of intraoperative blood loss of (132±55)mL, number of lymph node dissected of 23±11. The time to postoperative first flatus of 39 patients was (3.3±0.3)days, with time to postoperative liquid food intake of (4.4±0.6)days, time to postoperative semi-liquid food intake of (5.2±0.4)days, and duration of postoperative hospital stay of (9.5±3.1)days. (2) Complications. Seven of the 39 patients experienced perioperative complications, including 5 cases with complication classified as Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅱ, and 2 cases with complication classified as Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅲ. After conservative treatment, all patients with complications improved and were discharged. (3) Follow-up. Results of upper gastrointestinal imaging of the 39 patients showed no anastomotic leakage, and all patients were followed up at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. There was no other complications, tumor recurrence and metastasis, or mortality during the follow-up period.Conclusion:The modified closure of overlap anastomotic common opening in total laparoscopic radical gastrectomy has good safety and short-term efficacy.

Objective:To investigate the presence of angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor autoantibodies (AT1-AA) in follicular fluid, and to investigate the correlation between AT1-AA levels and follicular development in follicular fluid of infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods:A case-control study was conducted on 182 infertile patients who underwent in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET) at the Center for Reproductive Medicine of Taiyuan Central Hospital from June 2021 to October 2022. There were 80 cases in the fallopian tube factor group (tubal factor group) and 102 cases in PCOS infertility group (PCOS group). Univariate analysis was performed for the general data, ovulation induction indexes and embryonic laboratory indexes of the two groups. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the level of AT1-AA in follicular fluid on the day of oocyte retrieval. Pearson or Spearman was used to analyze the correlation between AT1-AA level and follicle development indexes, and multiple linear regression was used to adjust for interfering factors to analyze the correlation between AT1-AA level and embryonic laboratory indicators. Results:Body mass index [BMI, (25.29±3.25) kg/m 2], antral follicle count [AFC, 24.00 (17.00, 24.00)], basal serum teststerone [0.50 (0.36, 0.79) μg/L] and anti-Müllerian hormone [AMH, 4.92 (2.57, 8.28) μg/L] in PCOS group were significantly higher than those in tubal factor group [(23.01±2.92) kg/m 2, P<0.001; 15.00 (10.25, 19.00), P<0.001; 0.38 (0.20, 0.59) μg/L, P=0.019; 3.06 (2.19, 4.89) μg/L, P=0.006]. Moreover, the AT1-AA P/N value in follicular fluid in PCOS group [4.24 (2.07, 8.89)] was significantly higher than that in tubal factor group [2.96 (1.86, 4.84), P=0.027]. In addition, the age of menarche in PCOS group [13.00 (12.00, 14.00) years] was earlier than that in tubal factor group [14.00 (13.00, 15.00) years, P=0.007]. Prolactin level [12.09 (9.65, 16.64) μg/L] was lower than that of tubal factor group [16.27 (12.86, 20.94) μg/L, P=0.002], and there were no statistical differences in other indexes between the two groups (all P>0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the level of AT1-AA in follicular fluid of PCOS patients was negatively correlated with oocyte retrieval rate ( r=-0.159, P=0.019). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that AT1-AA level in follicular fluid was negatively correlated with oocyte retrieval rate ( β=-0.598, P=0.028) and normal fertilization rate ( β=-0.527, P=0.022) after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion:The level of AT1-AA in follicular fluid in PCOS patients is significantly higher than that in patients with tubal infertility, and is negatively correlated with oocyte retrieval rate and normal fertilization rate.