Objective To investigate the possible role of abnormal signal transduction in smooth muscle cell in the pathogenesis of diabetic gastroparesis. Methods Healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: normal,model group,diabetes was induced by Ⅳ of alloxan,50mg/kg. Gastric emptying was measured by method of nutritious semisolid paste. The level of cAMP in gastric smooth muscle cell was measured by radioimmunoassay. Gsαand GiαmRNA positive cells were quantitatively measured by in situ hybridization and computer image analysis system respectively. Results ( 1 ) Gastric emptying rate of the normal was significantly higher than that of model group (P < 0.05 ) ; (2)the level of cAMP of the normal was significantly lower than that of model group( P < 0.05 ) ; (3)the expression of GsαmRNA in the model group was significantly higher than that of the normal groups( P < 0.05 ) ; (4) there was no marked difference in the expression of GiαmRNA between 2 groups( P > 0.05). Conclusion Altered expression of GSαmRNA may play a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic gastroparesis.

The use of various biomimetic methods to achieve remineralization of demineralized dentin and the formation of an organic matrix-inorganic mineral complex with a certain mechanical strength has been a research hotspot in recent years in the field of stomatology, and it also provides a new idea for the restoration of dentin defect. Dentin biomineralization is a process that simulates the mineralization of biological tissue in nature in which the remineralization of dentin collagen is induced and regulated by organic macromolecules. This review summarizes the process of remineralization of decalcified dentin regulated by non-collagenous protein analogues in vitro.

Objective To explore the diagnosis of clinically suspicious von Willebrand disease(vWD)in a family and its pathogene-sis.Methods The pedigree information and the biological specimen were collected from the clinically suspected VWD patient and her family members(4 persons in total)in Peking University First Hospital.The levels of platelet count(PLT),activated partial thrombo-plastin time(APTT),vWF antigen(vWF:Ag),vWF activity(vWF:Ac)and FⅧ activity(FⅧ:C)were detected,and vWF risto-cetin cofactor(vWF:RCo)assay,ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation assay(RIPA)and vWF collagen binding(vWF:CB)assay were performed for phenotype diagnosis.The peripheral blood genomic DNAs were extracted from the proband and her family members to perform whole-exome sequencing for identifying the mutation of vWF gene,The mutation site was analyzed by using bioinformation tools to explore the pathogenesis of the proband.Results The APTT of proband(m 1)was slightly prolonged and her vWF:Ag,vWF:Ac,vWF:RCo and vWF:CB were significantly decreased.There was no obvious aggregation in RIPA assay(1.0 mg/mL and 1.25 mg/mL).In her father(Ⅱ3),APTT,FⅧ:C,vWF:Ag,vWF:Ac and vWF:CB were normal,but vWF:RCo was slightly decreased.In her mother(Ⅱ4),APTT,FⅧ:C,vWF:Ag,vWF:RCo and vWF:CB were all normal,but vWF:Ac significantly decreased.In her brother(Ⅲ2),APTT and FⅧ:C were normal,but vWF:Ag,vWF:Ac,vWF:RCo and vWF:CB were reduced to varying degrees.In all the family members(father,mother and brpther),no apparent aggregation in RIPA(1.0 mg/mL)was shown.Genetic analysis showed that the proband(Ⅲ1)carried a compound heterozygous mutation of vWF gene c.7288-9T＞G and c.1117C＞T,her father(Ⅱ3)carried vWF gene c.7288-9T＞G heterozygous mutation,and vWF gene c.1117C＞T heterozygous mutation was presented in both mother(Ⅱ4)and brother(Ⅲ2).Conclusion According to the results of laboratory tests,the proband was diagnosed as type 2A vWD.The hetero-zygous mutation in vWF gene c.1117C＞T and c.7288-9T＞G may be the molecular mechanism leading to type 2A vWD in the proband.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of combining extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) with local anesthesia in treating chronic plantar fasciitis.Methods:Reports of randomized and controlled trials about treating plantar fasciitis using ESWT were sought in the CNKI, Wanfang, Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases from their inception until October 2018. Each report found was screened by two independent researchers and the characteristics were abstracted. The risk of bias was assessed according to the methods recommended in the Cochrane Handbook. Version 5.3 of the RevMan software was used for the meta-analysis.Results:Eight reports of randomized and controlled trials were identified covering 779 patients treated with shock wave therapy and 710 controls. The meta-analysis showed that ESWT could significantly relieve the pain and improve functioning. Local anesthesia did not affect the outcome. Focued and radial shock wave were both significantly more effective than placebo stimulation, so as the medium and high-intensity.Conclusions:ESWT can significantly relieve the pain and improve the walking ability of patients with chronic plantar fasciitis. The use of local anesthesia during the intervention and different ESWT modes and intensities will not affect its efficacy.