Objective:To explore the application and effect of the teaching of standardized residency training based on the skill module tutorial system.Methods:Through the selection and employment of skill module tutorial system, 45 pediatric residents of batch 2016 in Hunan Children's Hospital were trained from such aspects of their professional theoretical knowledge, the skill operation ability and comprehensive ability were compared and analyzed. In addition, through the questionnaire survey, the training residents gave feedback to the skill mentors, and the passing rates of graduation skills examination in 2017, 2018 and 2019 of Pediatric residents in our hospital were analyzed and compared. T test and chi-square test were performed by SPSS 17.0.Results:After the training of the skill module tutorial system, the professional theoretical knowledge score (86.45±7.59), skill operation score (89.78±6.04) and comprehensive ability score (84.09±8.43) were significantly higher than those before the training ( P<0.05). The passing rate of the first graduation skills examination in 2019 was 93.33%, which was significantly higher than 57.14% in 2017, with a significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=28.45, P<0.01), compared with the rate of 2018(80.00%), which also had a statistical difference ( χ2=6.365, P<0.05). Conclusion:The training method of skill module tutorial system is not only helpful to rapidly improve the professional skills and post competency for the residents, but also benefit for training of teachers and improvement of their comprehensive quality, which is worth popularizing and applying.

Objective:To observe the effects of T-2 toxin on expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and HGF receptor (C-Met) in articular cartilage and epiphyseal cartilage of rats under low selenium condition.Methods:Twenty-four healthy male SD rats weighted 60-80 g were randomly divided into conventional diet group (selenium content of 101.5 μg/kg) and low-selenium diet group (selenium content of 1.1 μg/kg), with 12 rats in each group. After 30 days of feeding, the conventional diet group was further divided into conventional group and T-2 toxin group (100 μg·kg -1·d -1), and the low-selenium diet group was further divided into low-selenium group and low-selenium+T-2 toxin group (100 μg·kg -1·d -1), with 6 rats in each group. After 30 days of feeding, the rats were sacrificed and the cartilage of knee joint was taken, the morphological changes of knee articular cartilage and epiphyseal cartilage were observed by HE staining under light microscope. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of HGF and C-Met in knee articular cartilage and epiphyseal cartilage, and positive expression rates of HGF and C-Met were calculated. Results:Under light microscope, chondrocytes of articular cartilage and epiphyseal cartilage in low-selenium+T-2 toxin group were sparse, and the necrosis and structural area were found in the deep layer, and the extracellular matrix of chondrocytes in the region was degraded and light stained, and proliferating granulation tissue was visible nearby. The positive expression rates of HGF in articular cartilage [(21.97 ± 6.90)%, (49.41 ± 8.24)%, (76.39 ± 5.88)%] and epiphyseal cartilage [(23.36 ± 12.49)%, (58.43 ± 14.48)%, (66.59 ± 10.83)%] of rats in low-selenium, T-2 toxin and low-selenium+T-2 toxin groups were higher than those in conventional group [(9.13 ± 6.01)%, (11.14 ± 4.67)%, P < 0.05]. The positive expression rates of C-Met in articular cartilage [(25.34 ± 7.53)%, (58.21 ± 12.54)%, (81.46 ± 7.89)%] and epiphyseal cartilage [(35.21 ± 4.71)%, (40.84 ± 2.03)%, (49.41 ± 6.29)%] of rats in low-selenium, T-2 toxin and low-selenium+T-2 toxin groups were higher than those in conventional group [(11.21 ± 5.11)%, (12.12 ± 4.71)%, P < 0.05]. Conclusion:T-2 toxin may affect the expression of HGF and C-Met in articular cartilage and epiphyseal cartilage of rats under low selenium condition.

Objective:To summarize and analyze the current application status of oral mucosal graft (OMG) technique in the repair of ureteral strictures in China, and clarify the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of this technique.Methods:The 175 patients who underwent repair of ureteral stricture using oral mucosal patches from June 2015 to February 2022 were etrospectively analyzed in 14 medical centers in China, including 49 cases in Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 32 cases in Affiliated Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 3 cases in The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 6 cases in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 56 cases in Peking University First Hospital, 3 cases in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 cases in Shanghai Sixth People' s Hospital, 4 cases in General Hospital of Estern Theater Command, 4 cases in Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 2 cases in Guizhou Province People 's Hospital, 2 cases in Peking University People' s Hospital, 5 cases in Jinzhou First People's Hospital, 5 cases in The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 1 case in Shandong Provincial Hospital. In this study, 127 patients (72.6%) used lingual mucosal patches, 32(18.3%) labial mucosa, and 16(9.1%) buccal mucosa. The surgical approach for OMG ureteral reconstruction was mainly minimally invasive, with robot-assisted laparoscopy in 84 patients (48.0%), traditional laparoscopic surgery in 87 patients (49.7%), and open surgery in only 4 patients (2.3%). There were 133 males and 42 females with an average age of (35.0±17.2) years. The mean body mass index (BMI) and stenosis length were (23.1±4.1) kg/m 2 and (4.7±1.8) cm, respectively. The stricture was located in the left ureter in 116 patients, right ureter in 58 case and bilateral ureter in 1 case. The most common causes of ureteral stricture were endoscopic surgery in 88(50.3%)patients, congenital stricture in 55(31.4%)patients, failed ureteroplasty in 29(16.6%)patients, history of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in 13(7.4%)patients, radiotherapy history in 3(1.7%)patients and other causes in 6(3.4%)patients. Strictures were mainly located in the upper ureter, accounting for 61.7% (108/175 cases), followed by 36.0% (63/175) at the ureteropelvic junction and 2.3%(4/175)in the middle ureter. According to the surgical methods, the patients were divided into robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery group ( n=84), traditional laparoscopic surgery group ( n=87)and open surgery group ( n=4). Subgroup analysis of patients in robot-assisted laparoscopic and traditional laparoscopic surgery groups was performed. There were no significant difference in preoperative data between the two groups except for age (32.0±18.3) years vs.(37.0±15.9)years, P=0.040], BMI[(22.5±4.3)kg/m 2 vs. (23.7±3.6)kg/m 2, P=0.028], and etiology of stenosis [endoscopic injury, 34(40.5%) vs. 53(60.9%), P=0.012]. Preoperative hydronephrosis and stricture length were assessed by CTU and ureterography. Ureterography 7-9 weeks after surgery showed patency of the reconstructed segment, or no recurrence of hydronephrosis was judged as success. Evaluate the operation method, operation time, success rate, length of OMG in repairing ureteral stricture between laparoscopic and robot-assisted groups. Results:The overall success rate of oral mucosal graft repair surgery reached 97.7%(171/175). The success rate of ureteral reconstruction in the two groups were 96.4%(81/84)and 98.9%(86/87), respectively ( P=0.351), and the difference was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference for operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and mean oral mucosal length between the robotic and laparoscopic groups[(244.7±85.8) min and (222.7±83.5)min ( P=0.116), (58.9±38.6) ml and (68.4±45.5) ml ( P=0.217), (5.0±2.0) cm and (4.6±1.5) cm ( P=0.350)], respectively.Postoperative complications were reported in 23 (13.1%) patients, such as fever, urinary leakage, lymphatic leakage, infection, but only 2 (1.4%) cases patients had complications of Clavien-Dindo score ≥ Ⅲ. The two patients developed urinary stricture after surgery with failed conservative treatment, and no urinary stricture occurred following endoscopic treatment.The short-term (three months after surgery)incidence of complications in the site where the oral mucosa was taken, such as difficulty in opening mouth, pain, and swelling, was 12.0% (21/175), and there was no significant difference for oral complications between patients harvesting different length of mucosal graft. Conclusions:Ureteroplasty with oral mucosal graft is a safe, feasible and reliable technique for ureteral reconstruction. At present, minimally invasive technology is the main surgical approach for ureteroplasty, and there is no significant difference in operation time and success rate between robotic surgery and laparoscopic surgery.