Chemokine is a small protein which plays an impor-tant role in men's physiological function.It has chemotactic ac-tivity and is often secreted by immune cells and glial cells like microglia or astrocytes.Through the effect of chemokine recep-tors on target cells,various immune cells can achieve directional migration and play an important role in the diseases related with immunity and inflammation.CCL2,also known as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1 ),is one member of chemokine CC subfamily (βsubfamily).It can chemokine monocytes, macrophages and T lymphocytes to affect their phagocytosis func-tion and produce antibodies to combat invading microorganisms. In recent years,it has been found that CCL2 plays a key role in the occurrence and development of the problems concerning cen-tral nervous system and immune system as well as cancer, AIDS,leukemia,diabetes and other diseases.This thesis is to give an elaboration on the latest research on CCL2 and the rele-vant diseases.

Objective To quantitatively observe the actual levels of 4977 bp and 3895 bp mitochon-drial DNA (mtDNA) deletion in healthy human skin of different age, and to explore their relationship with intrinsic aging and photoaging. Methods Seventy-one samples of skin tissue were obtained from healthy volunteers, including 40 samples from UV-protected areas (buttock, thigh, waist or abdomen) and 31 from UV-exposed areas (neck, back of hands, forehead or face). Nuclear and mitochundrial DNA was extracted from these samples. Conventional PCR was performed to detect the incidence of 4977 bp and 3895 bp mtDNA deletion. Then, SYBR Green real-time PCR was applied to quantitatively analyze the target mutations in posi-tive samples. Results Conventional PCR showed that the incidence of both 4977 bp deletion and 3895 bp deletion increased with age. For example, the incidence of 4977 bp deletion and 3895 bp deletion accounted for 47.5% (19/40) and 30% (12/40), respectively in samples from volunteers older than 40 years, signifi-cantly higher than that in those from volunteers younger than 40 years (X2 = 4.673, 6.118, respectively, both P < 0.05). The total incidence of 4977 bp deletion and 3895 bp deletion in UV-exposed areas was 48.4% (15/31) and 32.3% (9/31), respectively, which did not differ from those in UV-protected areas. The results from real-time PCR revealed a positive correlation of the copy number of 4977 10p deletion and 3895 bp deletion with age (rg = 0.907, 0.845, respectively, both P < 0.05). When the UV-exposed area was compared with the UV-protected area, no significant difference was found in the copy number of 4977 bp deletion ( P = 0.264), whereas a higher level of 3895 bp deletion was noticed in UV-exposed area (P = 0.014). Conclu-sions The 4977 bp mtDNA deletion is primarily associated with chronological aging, and might serve as a biomarker for the process of chronological aging of skin. Deletion of 3895 bp mtDNA seems to be more sus-ceptible to ultraviolet radiation.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of paclitaxel solution on psoriasis-like pathological changes of guinea pig.Methods5%propranolol ointment was applied on Guinea pigs' ears to produce psoriasis-like pathological changes,then solutions with a paclitaxel concentration of200?g/mL and500?g/mL were applied on the affected ears.The pathological manifestations were investigated under light microscope.Results There were hyperkeratosis,dyskeratosis,acanthosis,psoriasiform elongation of the rete ridges and significant infiltration of mononuclear cells and polymorphic nucleus leucocytes in dermis in the guinea pig models,with the Baker score reaching6.37?0.99averagely.After being treated with paclitaxel solutions of a concentration of200?g/mL and500?g/mL,the pathological manifestations were remarkably improved,with the Baker score reducing to3.13?1.13and2.13?0.81respectively.A significant differ-ence(P

Objective: To investigate the effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) on liver injury and the expression of fractalkine in rats and explore its possible mechanism.
Methods: A CIH murine model was established to mimic the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in humans. Thirty healthy male Spraque-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: a 5% CIH group, a 5% CIH+RH (removal of hypoxia) group and a control group ( 10 rats in each group). The 5% CIH and 5% CIH+RH groups were exposed to CIH for 3 weeks, 8 h/d, and the frequency of hypoxia was 20 times/h. The 5% CIH+RH group was then exposed to normal gaseous environment for another 3 weeks. After the experiment, liver sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and the liver pathology was observed. The expression of fractalkine in the liver tissues was detected by immunohistochemical method.
Results: 1) Compared with the control group, the hepatic steatosis and inflammatory activities in the 5% CIH and 5% CIH+RH groups were more severe (allP<0.01 ); compared with the 5% CIH group, the hepatic steatosis and inflammatory activity in the 5% CIH+RH group were dramatically reduced (P<0.01 ). 2) Compared with the control group, the fractalkine expression in the 5%CIH and 5% CIH+RH groups was increased (bothP<0.01). The fractalkine expression in the 5% CIH+RH group was dramatically downregulated compared with that in the 5% CIH group (P<0.01).
Conclusion: CIH can induce liver injury and high fractalkine expression in rat liver tissues.

Thyroid function ultimately depends on appropriate iodine supply to the gland. Thyroid hormone deiodination is an intrinsic component of the thyroid hormone homeostasis. Type Ⅰ iodothyronine deiodinase (D1) plays an important role in thyroid hormone metabolism and has close relationship with thyroid function. Based on successfully establishing animal models of iodine deficiency and iodine excess in Babl/c mice (Babl/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: low iodine (LI), normal iodine (NI), five-fold iodine (5HI) , ten-fold iodine (10HI) and fifty-fold iodine (50HI) group. Three months and six months after admistration, they were sacrificed and thyroids were excised), the expression level of D1 mRNA were examined by using real time quantitative PCR method. D1 activity was analyzed by 125I-rT3 as substrate combined with ion-exchange chromatography. The thyroid hormone was measured with radioimmunoassay method. The data revealed that in the case of iodine deficiency, both D1 mRNA expression and D1 activity was greatly increased(compared with NI groups, P

In clinical practice, the teachers should lead students to integrate the basic medical and clinical medical knowledge, and promote their comprehensive ability. Taking the department of gynaecology as an example, we learn from the analysis of specific practice that teachers need to pay attention to the reasonable conversion between doctors and teachers, strengthen their own basic medical knowledge reserves and teaching ability, strengthen the experience exchange with the teachers who teach basic course and give students clear interpretation of the relevant basic medical knowledge, pro-mote students to converse from basic medical skills to clinical skills, from theory to practical skills, and enable students to adapt to the role of interns as soon as possible.

Since Parkin was confirmed by the Japanese scholar to be associated with juvenile Parkinson′s disease, it has come to be the focus of the scholars and a lot of researches have been made on it. Apart from Parkinson′s disease, many other disea-ses have also been proved to be associated with the role of Parkin and its interaction with protein substrates, especially in various kinds of cancer diseases and leukemia. This paper focuses on the latest research about Parkin and its development in tumor diseases and leukemia.

Objective To evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with adrenocorticotropin-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH).Methods A total of 10 AIMAH cases were enrolled in this retrospective study.The clinical and laboratory findings of all patients were collected and analyzed.Results All patients manifested some clinical features and biochemical evidence of Cushing's syndrome.The plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level was undetectable in all the patients and their serum cortisol secretion rhythm was abnormal.Low and high-dose dexamethasone suppression tests failed to suppress the cortisol secretion.The bilateral macronodular adrenal enlargement was shown by CT/magnetic resonance imaging.The supine-upright posture test was positive in four patients.Three patients were performed bilateral adrenalectomy,five were unilateral adrenalectomy and the remaining two patients were taken propranolol.All the patients had followed up for 10 to 89 months.Contralateral adrenalectomy was performed in two patients with recurrent symptoms after unilateral adrenalectomy and two patients given propranolol were underwent bilateral adrenalectomy when their symptoms had not been improved or recurred.Conclusion AIMAH is a relatively rare subtype of Cushing's syndrome with unique clinical and laboratory findings.Propranolol is a good choice if the supine-upright posture test is positive.Unilateral adrenalectomy appears to be an effective and safe alternative treatment for AIMAH.Bilateral adrenalectomy could be performed if the symptoms have not been improved or recurred after unilateral adrenalectomy.

Objective To set up the reference range for thyroid hormones and thyrotropin (TSH) of 8-10 years old school children in certain regions of China to provide reference criteria for diagnosis,treatment,and monitoring of thyroid diseases and related research.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in primary school children aged 8-10 years from six iodine sufficient areas.664 normal school children were selected for establishing reference ranges of thyroid hormones and TSH after crucial screening through questionnaire and laboratory investigation.The serum hormone levels were determined by using chemiluminescent immunoassay (Bayer's reagents),and the reference range of each hormone was displayed as its 95％ central interval.Results The reference ranges of TSH,FT4,FT3,TT4,and TT3 were 1.03-8.42 mIU/L,13.44-20.59 pmol/L,4.75-6.96pmol/L,75.29-152.66 nmol/L,and 1.76-3.35 nmol/L,respectively.There was no significant difference in hormone levels between boys and girls.The eight years old group had slightly higher TT4 level compared with the other age groups.The rural children had higher TSH and TT3 levels and lower FT4 level than the urban children.Conclusion The thyroid hormone and TSH levels are substantially different between school children and adults.Therefore,it is necessary to establish the reference range of thyroid function indices for normal school children in order to diagnose,treat,and monitor thyroid diseases.

Objective: To further investigate the effects of iodine intake on thyroid function and its possible mechanism. Method: Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: LI, NI, 5HI, 10HI, 50HI, 100HI. Different groups of rats were fed with feed and water of different iodine content. 3, 6 and 12 months after administration, they were sacrificed and thyroids were excised. The thyroid D1 mRNA expression level was determined by RT-PCR semi-quantitative method and the thyroid D1 activity was analyzed by using 125I-rT3 as substrate. Results: Compared with NI group, the thyroid D1 mRNA expression was decreased in all HI groups, and D1 activity was significantly higher in LI group and lower in HI groups. There was a tendency of decrease in D1 activity with increased doses of iodine intakes. Conclusion: In the case of iodine deficiency, thyroid D1 activity will increase greatly in order to convert more T4 to T3, but deficient iodine intake doesn’t improve thyroid D1 mRNA expression. Excess iodine can inhibit both thyroid D1 mRNA expression and its activity.