Objective To research the quality control of determination of formaldehyde concentration in the indoor air in the newly decorated houses with 4-amino-3-hydrazine-mercapto-1, 2, 4-amilinoazaole spectrophotometry. Methods 35 newly decorated houses in two urban districts of Guiyang were chosen and the air samples were collected from March to December in 2004. Formaldehyde concentration was determined as soon as the air samples were collected, and the laboratory internal quality was controlled by using the standard sample in the determination. Results The formaldehyde concentration range of 35 newly decorated houses was 0.01-1.71 mg/m3, the detection rates was 100%, the rate of exceeding national standard was 77.1% and the median was 0.28 mg/m3. The recovery rates of quality control samples were 90.70%-103.00%. Conclusion The quality control method used in the present paper can make the results of formaldehyde concentration determinated with 4-amino-3-hydrazine-mercapto-1, 2, 4-amilinoazaole spectrophotometry be controlled in the demanded ranges of errors.

Objective To investigate the clinical characters of posturographic test in patients with sudden hearing loss.Methods The postural map and correlative parameters value were examined by dynamic posturography in 100 cases of normal subjects and 120 cases of sudden hearing loss.According to state of the vestibule function,120 patients were divided into normal(67 cases) and abnormal(53cases) groups.The parameters of the length,velocity and Romberg of postural sway were compared between two groups.Results The postural map was most prominent centre patten(51%) in normal subjects,the patient's map was most prominent diffuse patten(60.83%).Length,velocity and Romberg of postural sway of the patients were significantly increased in comparison with normal subjects(P0.05).Conclusion The results of posturographic test indicate that the vestibular system in patients with sudden deafness is damaged.

Objective To study the correlation between prognosis and vertigo and status of the vestibule functions with the patients of the sudden deafness (SD).Methods For 161 patients of the SD, the parameters of the hearing before treatment, vertigo and vestibule functions, were analyzed to establish a statistic model by means of Logistic regression with single factor analysis of variance, Logistic regression analysis and Chi square test.Results The single factor analysis of variance and Chi square revealed statistical differences between prognosis of the SD and hearing before treatment(P0.05).Conclusion If the patients with SD had more severe hearing loss, the prognosis would be less successful. The normal or abnormal caloric tests had influence for the prognosis of the SD, but vertigo showed influence on prognosis only when caloric test was abnormal. The degree of hearing loss was not related to that of vertigo or vestibule functions while the sudden deafness accompanied with vertigo was not due to the damage of vestibular functions.

A consensus remains unsettled yet for basic medical insurance and common protocols on managing patients seeing doctors out of their hometown.This results in such setbacks as difficulty in seeing doctors elsewhere for those covered and in unaffordable financial burden,as well as medical insurance fraud,lack of information sharing among social insurance authorities,and difficulty of supervision.This study described the status quo of seeding doctors elsewhere under China's basic medical insurance system,and analyzed problems found in the management framework.On such basis,authors proposed such recommendations as unified management system for seeding doctors elsewhere,network information sharing for medical insurance information,and networked settlement for medical expenses for basic medical insurance.These measures should be carried out as per general requirements for health reform stage by stage.

Objective:We aimed to explore the clinical features, computed tomography (CT) findings, treatment, and prognosis of bronchopulmonary carcinoid. Methods:Clinical data of 31 patients with primary carcinoid tumor of the lung were retrospectively re-viewed. The prognostic factors were analyzed via Cox univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Clinical symptoms included coughing or expectoration in 17 of the 31 cases, hemoptysis or blood-stained sputum in 7 cases, and chest pains or shortness of breath in 8 cases. Six cases were asymptomatic. The CT scans showed round or oval nodules with clear boundaries, and enhancement CT scans indicated mild, homogeneous enhancement. Immunohistochemistry results revealed the positive expression rates of synaptophy-sin (Syn), chromogranin A (CgA), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were 90.3%(28/31), 87.1%(27/31), and 90.3%(28/31), respec-tively. Therapy and prognosis results were as follows:28 of the total number of patients underwent surgery, among which 3 underwent postoperative adjuvant therapy, 2 received chemotherapy; and only 1 refused treatment. The 1-year overall survival rates were 100%(18/18) and 92.3%(12/13), whereas the 3-year survival rates were 94.4%(17/18) and 69.2%(9/13) in the typical and atypical carcinoid cases, respectively. Cox univariate analysis results revealed that lymphatic metastasis (P=0.02), tissue types (P=0.017), TNM stage (P=0.005), and therapies (P=0.01) were the prognostic factors. Cox multivariate analysis results showed that lymphatic metastasis (P=0.032) and tissue types (P=0.002) were the independent prognostic factors. Conclusion:Compared with other lung cancers, the bron-chopulmonary lung carcinoid has no special clinical manifestation in clinical and radiographic images. The diagnosis was mainly based on histopathology results. Surgery was the main and effective treatment, whereas chemotherapy and radiotherapy showed unsatisfactory results. The overall prognosis was satisfactory. However, the atypical carcinoid was inferior to the typical carcinoid in terms of progno-sis. Pathological typing and lymph node metastasis were significant prognostic factors.

Objective To study the role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in diagnosing and treating iatrogenic bile duct injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 45 patients with iatrogenic bile duct injury after LC who were investigated and treated by ERCP from December 2002 to August 2015.Results Using the StrasbergBismuth classification,there were 14 patients with type A and 4 with type C who were managed successfully using endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) and interventional ultrasound abdominal localized puncture and drainage ; 7 patients with type D were managed successfully using endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) and endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD).For the 5 patients with type E Ⅰ and 3 patients with type E Ⅱ who were treated by EST and ERBD,one patient who had common bile duct transection required cholangioenteric Roux-en-Y anastomosis.For the 6 patients with type E Ⅲ and 6 patients with type EⅣ who were treated by EST and ERBD,a patient required a cholangioenteric Roux-en-Y anastomosis to achieve good results.Conclusions When iatrogenic bile duct injury is suspected after LC,correct assessment with ERCP should be taken immediately.ERCP when combined with ENBD and (or) ERBD could reduce bile duct pressure and dilate stenotic bile ducts to avoid further operation.

Objective To investigate the change of peripheral blood lymphocyte immunophenotype in the patients with malignant carcinoma and its clinical significance .Methods The flow cytometry was adopted to detect the expression levels of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subpopulations ,CD19+ cells ,CD3-CD56+ cells ,CD3+CD56+ cells in 167 patients with malignant carcinoma (inclu‐ding respiratory tract cancers ,gastrointestinal cancers and reproductive system cancer) and 170 normal controls as the healthy con‐trol group .The contrastive analysis was performed .Furthermore the analysis was conducted according to whether having tumor me‐tastasis and chemotherapeutic cycles .Results The total absolute value of the lymphocytes and the proportion of CD3+CD4+ cells in the patients with malignant carcinoma were significantly lower than those in the healthy control group (P<0 .05) ,but the propor‐tions of CD3+CD8+ ,CD3+CD56+ and CD3-CD56+ cells were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group (P<0 .05) .The proportion of CD3+CD4+ cells in the patients with tumor metastasis were significantly lower than those in the ones without tumor metastasis ;but the proportions of CD3+ CD8+ ,CD3-CD56+ and CD3+ CD56+ cells were significantly higher than those in the ones without tumor metastasis ,the differences were statistically significant(P<0 .05) .In the chemotherapy treatment , the proportions of CD3+CD4+ ,CD3+CD56+ and CD3-CD56+ cells were gradually increased with the increase of chemotherapeutic cycles ,but the proportion of CD3+CD8+ cells was gradually reduced .Conclusion In the process of development ,progression and treatment of tumor ,the cellular immunity function plays a dominant role ,which could be used as one of indexes for clinically moni‐toring the cellular immune function in the patients with tumor .

Objective To investigate the short axis systolic function of children with single-left ventricle(LV),and to appraise the clinical value of velocity vector imaging(VVI) on assessing it.Methods The study group consisted of 14 patients with single-LV.The control group consisited of 14 age-matched normal children.VVI was used to analyse the circumferential and radial strain and strain rate of regional single-LV at the level of papillary muscle.Results Compared with values in control group,single-LV circumferential strain values were significantly lower in anterior septum,posterior septum,anterior wall,lateral wall and inferior wall(all P ＜0.05).Single-LV circumferential strain rate values were significantly lower in anterior septum,posterior septum,anterior wall,lateral wall and posterior wall compared with controls(all P ＜0.05). In control group,circumferential strain and strain rate were higher in inferior septum and anterior septum compared with other segments( P ＜0.05).Single-LV radial strain values were significantly lower in all segments compared with values in control (P ＜ 0.05).In control group,radial strain and strain rate of papillary muscle level showed no significantly difference( P ＞0.05).Conclusions Circumferential and radial systolic ventricular function are impaired in children with single-LV.VVI can beused as a quantitative tool in evaluating the short axis systolic function of single-LV.

Objective To observe influence of continuous lumbar cistern drainage on levels of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) subtype (Aβ1-42) in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma in patients with diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and investigate its clinical significance.Methods Eighty-one DAI patients were enrolled and randomized into treatment group (42 cases) and control group (39 cases).Patients in control group received simple conventional therapy,while the patients in treatment group received not only conventional therapy but 14 days of continuous lumbar cistern drainage.Levels of Aβ1-42 in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma were detected by ELISA assay before therapy and at 1,5,9,and 14 days after therapy.Prognosis was assessed using GOS at 6 months after therapy.Results Levels of Aβ1-42 in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma showed a decrease in the first place and a gradual decrease afterwards in both groups,but a bigger and earlier drop of Aβ1-42 levels was observed in treatment group.Two groups showed significant difference of Aβ1-42 levels at day 14 (P ＜ 0.05).At 6 months after therapy,GOS score between treatment and control groups was (4.1 ± O.5) and (3.4 ± 0.3) points respectively (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Continuous lumbar cistern drainage improves the prognosis of DAI and this may relates to the decrease of Aβ1-42 levels in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma.

Objective: To establish a multiplex PCR-microarray method for detecting important enteropahogens.Methods: Uniplex and multiplex PCR were performed to obtain the best primer sets for identifying the target bacteria at species and multi-species level.Fluorescent dyes were mixed into PCR reaction to determine whether it can affect the efficiency of amplification.To improve the efficiency of microarray,a 35 pairs primer-labeling system was optimized based on the hybridization results to find the best combination to avoid false negative results.Results: Specific PCR products were all obtained using species-specific primer sets.More preferential amplification may happen when more primer pairs were added to the reaction.The hybridization results showed a positive association between the efficiency of multiplex-PCR and signal intensity.Conventional PCR yielded more products than fluorescent dyes labeled PCR.Thirty-five primers were divided into three different combinations to label target respectively,hybridization results showed a high specificity.Conclusion: Mixing fluorescent dyes into PCR may reduce the efficiency of amplification and hybridization,but may have no effect on the analysis of hybridization results.The hybridization efficiency of microarray depends on the amplification efficiency of multiplex PCR.For microarray target labeling,three primer sets could be used to avoid negative hybridization led by preferential amplification of multiplex-PCR.It indicates that the multiplex PCR-microarray method is an attractive diagnosis tool for the high-throughput identification of enteropathogenic organisms especially for multiple causative agents and epidemiological investigations.