Animals ; Child ; China ; Dairy Products ; Diet ; Health Promotion ; methods ; Health Status ; Humans ; Nutritional Status ; Nutritive Value

Nonclinical evaluation of vaccines is an important part of innovative vaccine research and development. Information on vaccine efficacy and safety is obtained through nonclinical research to support the clinical development and licensure of the vaccine. In this paper, combined with existing vaccine evaluation experience, the strategies, considerations and concerns of vaccine nonclinical evaluation are summarized by consulting the relevant domestic and foreign literature and guidelines of vaccine nonclinical evaluation in recent years, so as to provide a reference for vaccine researchers. Because of the different characteristics and concerns of therapeutic vaccines, the discussion in this paper mainly focuses on innovative preventive vaccines.

Purpose:To compare old and new clinical staging of primary liver cancre. Methods:317 cases of primary liver cancer(PLC) patients,hospita lized and dead,were investigated retrospectively for overall median survival and survival after various therapies,according to various stages,and therapies and comparison among groups and test of median survival were carried out. Results:Survival in patients with new stage Ⅱa+Ⅱb or old Ⅱw ere significantly longer than newⅢa+Ⅲb or oldⅢ, but no significant differenc es were observed between new stageⅡa+Ⅱb and oldⅡ , or new stage Ⅲa+Ⅲb and oldⅢ. Median survival by new staging , decreased in peoper order from stageⅡ a ,Ⅱb , Ⅲa to Ⅲb respectively, significant different was found only between s tage Ⅲa and Ⅲb but not betweenⅡa andⅡb . Survival decreased respectively fr om interventional treatment ,systemic chemotherapy and palliative therapy;the in terventional treatment group did much better than the palliative group but no si milar differences were observed in the other groups. Conclusions:New clinical staging of PLC did not show significan t superiorly over the old one as judged by median survival.It can be questioned whether basing on largest diameter is less than 5/10 cm or more than 10 cm to di stinguish Ⅱa and Ⅱb is valid.Interventional treatment should be applied as soo n as possible to prolong survival whether it be the new or old clinical staging.

In recent years,research on carotid atherosclerosis has turned to the aspect of neovascularization in vulnerable plaques.The evaluation of neovascularization in plaques using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography has become one of the novel technologies to determine the plaque stability.This article reviews the principles of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and its application in the evaluation of neovascularization in carotid atherosclerotic plaques and vulnerable plaques.

Adult ; Choroid Plexus Neoplasms ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Ear Neoplasms ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Endolymphatic Sac ; pathology ; Glomus Jugulare Tumor ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Meningioma ; pathology ; Skull Neoplasms ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Temporal Bone ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To construct a lentiviral vector that stably express platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B)and to in-vestigate effect of PDGF-B overexpression on invasion of SGC7901 gastric carcinoma cell.Methods The lentiviral vector pLeno-DCE-PDGF-B was constructed and transfected into 293T cells.The supernatant containing the lentivirus particles was harvested to determine the virus titer and high titer lentivirus particles was gathered.Then PDGF-B lentiviral vector was transfected into SGC7901 cells for construction of stable PDGF-B overexpression SGC7901 cells.Western-blot and immunofluorescence were used for evaluation of the construction of stable PDGF-B overexpression SGC7901 cells.Transwell test was used for detection the inva-sion of SGC7901 cells.Results The lentiviral vector was correctly constructed and verified by sequencing.High titer PDGF-B lenti-viral particles were acquired successfully.After transfection,SGC7901 cells were green color by detection of fluorescence micro-scope;and the expression of PDGF-B protein in transfected SGC7901 cells were much higher than that in normal SGC7901 cells.Al-so,PDGF-B overexpression increased the invasion ability of SGC7901 cells.Conclusion The PDGF-B lentiviral particles are ob-tained after successful construction and package.The stable PDGF-B overexpression SGC7901 gastric carcinoma cell line is estab-lished,which proves that the PDGF-B overexpression might increase the invasion ability of gastric carcinoma cells.

Objective:To evaluate communication ability of medical students and try to construct communica-tion education mode of medical students .Methods:Scale and questionnaire are used to survey 1389 medical students , a radar map is used to evaluate the communication and interviewing related personnal , domestic and over-seas pertinent literature data were browsed and analyzed .Results:Medical students′communication ability level is general , lack of communication of knowledge; The need to build on the basis of doctor -patient communication training mode diversification .Conclusions:Medical schools should attach importance to training the students′com-munication ability and try to construct all -sided education mode and improve medical students′ability of doctor-patient communication .

As the basic resource in the China medical system, the importance of medical personnel’s enthusiasm is graduate playing significant role in the process of health reform. Through the prospective of salary system for medical personnel, it analyzed the current situation and problems of the low salary of medical staff, the unreasonable distribution of salary elements, the imbalanced structure of salary and so on. It also put forward the following proposals as to determine the reasonable salary with dynamic regulation for the medical staff, to ascend the position value and to establish a guaranteed and flexible salary structure and so on.

Objective:To study the effects of artesunate on K562, K562 /ADM cell apoptosis and NF-κB p65 expression in hu-man leukemia. Methods: The effect of artesunate with different concentrations on K562 and K562 /ADM cell apoptosis at various times was studied by a flow cytometer. The effect of artesunate with 15 μmol·L-1 on NF-κB P65 expression in K562 was explored u-sing a Western blot method. Results:Artesunate showed little effect on K562 cell apoptosis, while exhibited notable effect on K562 /ADM cell apoptosis. K562 /ADM cells were more sensitive than K562 to artesunate at the concentration of 7. 5 μmol·L-1 and 15μmol·L-1(P<0. 01), and after 4-hour treatment with 15 μmol·L-1 artesunate, K562 /ADM cell apoptosis was much higher than K562(P<0. 01). Artesunate could reduce leukemia cell p65 expression at the concentration of 15 μmol·L-1. Conclusion:Artesu-nate can induce the apoptosis of leukemia cells by down-regulating the expression of p65.

analysis on 103 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax patients between September, 2012 and December,2014. Then the patients were randomly divided into two groups according to the different therapies on pulmonary bulla, 52 in GIA surgical stapler group and 51 in ligature group. Comparison: The postoperative situations of the two groups.Results: The operation time and intraoperative bleeding volume of observation group are obvious less than control group(t=7.58,t=16.87;P<0.01), but oxygen saturation of observation group is obvious higher than control group(t=1.34,P<0.01). The operation fee of observation group is obvious higher than control group(t=38.26, P<0.01).2 cases of postoperative recurrence in observation group(3.84%), but 10 cases in control group(19.60%).The two recurrence rates have statistical significance(x2=4.77,P<0.05). The postoperative complications incidence is 5.77% in observation group,but 21.56% in control group.The two The postoperative complications incidences have statistical significance(x2=5.47,P<0.05).Conclusion: As opposed to ligature, under the therapy for spontaneous pneumothorax with GIA surgical stapler by thoracoscopy, the operation time is shorter, intraoperative bleeding volume is less, and recurrence rate is lower in 2 years. Ligature fits the sporadic pulmonary bulla patients.