Objective:To evaluate the effects of neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) pretreatment on diaphragmatic function in septic rats.Methods:Twenty-six clean-grade healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 220-260 g, were divided into 3 groups using a random number table method: sham operation group (group S, n=6), sepsis group (group Sep, n=10) and NRG-1 group (group N, n=10). Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture in anesthetized rats.Group S underwent simple laparotomy.At 30 min before operation, recombinant human NRG-1β 10 μg/kg was injected through tail vein in group N, while the equal volume of normal saline was given in S and Sep groups.At 24 h after operation, the survived rats were sacrificed, and the diaphragm was removed for determination of the contractile function and contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and for examination of the pathological changes (by hematoxylin and eosin staining). Results:Compared with group S, the force-frequency curve was shifted downward, and the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were increased ( P<0.01), inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in Sep and N groups.Compared with group Sep, the force-frequency curve was shifted upward , and the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were decreased ( P<0.01), inflammatory cell infiltration was alleviated in group N. Conclusion:NRG-1 pretreatment can improve diaphragmatic contractile function in septic rats, and the mechanism is related to reducing diaphragmatic inflammatory responses.

Objective To learn the exposure levels and health hazards of long-term exposure to hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) through drinking water in a west county,and to provide a scientific basis for making preventive measures.Methods Five water points were selected to test the Cr6+ concentration of drinking water in the county in 2015,data of 3 water points with water Cr6+ concentrations exceeded the standard (Cr6+ ＞ 0.05 mg/L) were selected from 12 drinking water points in some west counties in the recent six years (2009-2014) as the exposed group,2water points that drinking water Cr6+ concentrations not exceeded the standard (Cr6+ ≤0.05 mg/L) in the county and adjacent to the exposed group were selected as the control group.Sixty villagers were selected as the investigation objects in each water point to conduct internal medicine,ears,nose,throat (ENT),dermatology and health examination,urinary chromium content,routine blood and urine test were done.Determination of hexavalent chromium concentration in drinking water was done according to The Drinking Water Standard Examination Method 1,5-diphenylcarbazide Spectrophotometry (GB/T 5750-2006);routine urine was tested using the 10 urine analyzer test;urinary chromium was tested using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer;routine blood five classification was tested using automatic blood analyzer;determination of drinking water hexavalent chromium concentration was done according to The Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water (GB 5749-2006).Higher than 0.05 mg/L was judged as exceeded the standard;physical examination was done according to The Diagnostic Criteria of Occupational Chromium Nasal Disease (GB Z12-2002) and The Diagnostic Standard of Occupational Contact Dermatitis (GB Z20-2002).Results There were 184 and 109 people in the exposed group and the control group,respectively.The average concentration of Cr6+ exceeding the standard ratio was 2.82-3.22 in drinking water,the nasal septum nucosa perforation,skin erythema edema,skin ulcers were 4.9％ (9/184),4.3％ (8/184) and 4.3％ (8/184) in the exposed group,and the urinary chromium level (0.31 μg/L) in the exposed group was significantly higher than that of the control group (0.27 μg/L,Z =-4.078,P ＜ 0.05).Routine blood test result of mean corpuscular haemaglobin (MCH) was (29.56 ± 2.07) pg,platelet counts (PLT) was (222.38 ± 47.53) × 109/L and plateletcrit (PCT) was (0.25 ± 0.05)％ in the exposed group,it was all higher than those of the control group [(29.03 ±2.95) pg,(211.74 ±75.27)× 109/L,(0.24 ± 0.08)％,t =1,940,2.318,2.079,all P ＜ 0.05];standard difference coefficient of variation of red blood cell distribution width (RDW-CV) was (13.14 ± 1.05)％,lymphocyte number (LYMPH) was (2.01 ± 0.64) × 109/L in the exposed group,it was all lower than those of the control group [(13.38 ±1.54)％,(2.21 ± 1.02) × 109/L,t =-1.989,-1.956,all P ＜ 0.05].The positive rate of glycosuria,uric bravery red,and urine nitrite in routine urine test of exposed group was 17.39％ (32/184),23.36％ (43/184),7.61％ (14/184);it was all higher than those of the control group [(8.25％ (9/109),11.93％ (13/109),0.91％ (1/109),x2 =4.746,5.798,6.309,all P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions Urine chromium accumulation has been found in populations long-term exposed to 2.82-3.22 times excessive Cr6+ through drinking water,which has affected the population's health to some extent.Therefore,it is necessary to speed up the local drinking water improvement project.

The cultivation of medical students' scientific research and innovation ability is the need of our country to accelerate the construction of an innovative country. This paper starts from the significance of strengthening the cultivation of medical students' scientific research and innovation ability, emphasizes participation in teacher's scientific research in colleges and universities to strengthen the feasibility of the medical students' scientific research and innovation ability cultivation, and summarizes the practical experience of cultivating medical students' scientific research ability based on scientific research projects of teachers in colleges and universities, which can provide reference for peers.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a stroke unit combined with community health services for treating stroke survivors. Methods A total of 120 stroke patients were randomly divided into a " stroke unit combined with community medicine" group ( combined group) , a stroke unit group and a general treatment group. Patients in the former 2 groups were treated in a hospital stroke unit during their hospitali-zation. The general treatment group was given conventional medical treatment. After discharge, the combined group continued to receive regular rehabilitation therapy and guidance in the form of community medical services, while the stroke unit group received follow-up only. Assessment was by means of Fugl-Meyer scores, the Barthel index and self-rating on a depression scale ( SDS). The patients were assessed at admission, on discharge and 3 months after discharge. Results There were no significant differences in average limb motor function, ability in the activities of daily living ( ADL) or depressive mood among the 3 groups on admission, but at discharge, limb motor function and ADL ability in the combined group and stroke unit groups were significantly superior to those in the general therapy group. Limb motor function and ADL ability in the combined and stroke unit groups had improved further 3 months after discharge, with more significant improvements in the combined group. No significant change in depression was observed in any group at discharge, but average depression scores in the combined and stroke unit groups improved significantly in the 3 months after discharge, and there was a statistically significant difference between the combined group and the general group. Conclusion Supplementing the work of a stroke unit with community health services significantly improves stroke patients' recovery of limb motor function and ADL ability.

Objective To investigate the application value of identification of the scalp surface locations of cerebral ischemia lesions before direct revascularization for moyamoya disease and to design surgical approaches according to this by using the fusion of single photon emission computed tomography ( SPECT) cerebral perfusion imaging with CT imaging. Methods The clinical data of 13 adult patients with ischemic-type moyamoya disease underwent superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass surgery were analyzed retrospectively. SPECT cerebral perfusion imaging was fused with CT imaging of the same machine before procedure. The lesions of ischemia were located on the cortical surface. The surgical approaches were designed at the center of the ischemic lesions. The patients were followed up for 6 to 12 months after procedure. The improvement of clinical symptoms and cerebral perfusion of the patients were observed after operation. Results One patient had perioperative cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome,and the others did not have any perioperative complications. At one-month follow-up, the improvement of symptoms in 4 patients were excellent,in 5 were good,in 4 were fair,and none was poor. At 6 to 12 month follow-up,the improvement of symptoms in 9 patients were excellent,in 4 were good,and none was poor. The postoperative visual SPECT cerebral perfusion imaging analysis suggested that the cerebral perfusion was improved significantly as compared with before procedure in all patients. Quantitative analysis:There was significant difference in target ischemic lesions between preoperative Fb and postoperative Fb ([2. 13±1. 06]% vs. [4. 13±2. 09]%;P<0. 05). There was significant difference between preoperative Fb and Fe ([2. 46±1. 97]% vs. [2. 13±1. 06]%;P<0. 05). The postoperative BFCR was [67. 57±3. 78]%( >50%) , which indicated that the efficacy of the procedure was remarkable. The superficial temporal arteries fed to brain of the patients were observed after procedure by using the head CT angiography. The postoperative head MRI reexamination showed no new infarcts occurred at 6 months. Conclusion Combine SPECT cerebral perfusion imaging with CT imaging to design surgical approach for superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass surgery may improve the efficacy and reduce the risks of operation.

Objective To explore the protective effect of recombinant superoxide dismutase(SOD)fusion protein against the infection of Schistosoma japonicum Chinese strain.Methods The recombinant SOD fusion protein was expressed and purified with Glutathione sepharose 4B.C57BL/6J mice were immunized with the recombinant SOD fusion protein mixed with Freund adjuvant.Four weeks after the final immunization,the mice of the experiment and control groups were challenged with(45?2)S.japonicum cercariae.All the mice were sacrificed on the forty-fifth day after the challenge to calculate the worm reduction rate and egg reduction rate,and to observe the pathologic changes of liver tissue of the mice.Results The worm reduction rate was 35.63% and the egg reduction rate was 31.17% in the experiment group.The number of granuloma in the live tissue of the experiment group was less than that of the control group,and the mean diameter of single granuloma in the experiment group reduced by 22.32% compared with that of the control group.The IgG subclass levels of IgG1,IgG2a,IgG2b were higher than those of the control group.Conclusion The recombinant SOD fusion protein has a protective effect against Schistosoma japonicum infection.

ObjectiveTo analyze the relationship between clinical characteristic pathology and prognosis in infant with intra-abdominal solid tumor.MethodsFifty-two infants(less than 1 year old) with abdominal solid tumor from Apr.1998 to Feb.2007 in Shanghai Children's Medical Center and from Jan.2001 to Feb.2007 in Shanghai Xinhua Hospital were reviewed.The history of these children were reviewed.Features and clinical pathology of these children with their prognosis were analyzed and followed up by telephones and children return visit records from 5 months to 8 years.ResultsLess than 1 month,7 cases;1 month to 1 year old,45 cases.Teratoma 23 cases(44.23%),neuroblastoma 9 cases(17.31%),nephroblastoma 6 cases(11.54%),hepatoblastoma 5 cases(9.62%),epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver 3 cases(5.77%),congenital mesoblastic nephroma 3 cases(5.77%),fusiform cell epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of pancreas 1 case(1.92%),hamartoma of the liver 1 case(1.92%),retroperitoneal small cell malignant tumor 1 case(1.92%).Benign:malignant=1:1.Among the benign tumor,male:female=1:1.Among the malignant tumor,male:female=2.33:1.0.All children were treated with tumor resection,and combined with chemotherapy for those whose tumors were malignant.ConclusionsAmong infant abdominal solid tumors,teratoma and neuroblastoma are much more than other tumors.The cases of benign tumors are almost as much as the malignant tumors.The benign tumors did not have sex differences,and had good prognosis after surgical resection.However,in malignant tumors,the incidence rate of male is obviously higher than female.Completely resection of those malignant tumors with chemotherapy would get little incidence of recrudescence and low case fatality rate.Early diagnosis and early treatment play an important role in prognosis.

Objective To investigate the expression of musashi-1(msi-1)and its significances in small intestinal mucous severely damaged by high close 5-FU.Methods Total 40 adult C57BL/6J mice were divided into control group(n= 8,group D)and experimental group(n=32).Mice in control group received intraperitoneal injection of PBS as control,and mice in experimental group were intraperitoneally injected high dose 5-FU(150 mg per kg of body weigh for five days).After treatment 1 day(group A),3 days(group B)and 5 days( group C),the dying mice were killed,HE straining and immunohistochemical technique were carried out for detecting the expression of putative marker of intestinal epithelial stem cells——musashi-1(msi-1)in the samples of the meddle intestine,and the percentage of the msi-1 positive cells from the intestinal mucosal cells of the mice in group A was detected by flow cytometry.Results After the treatment of high dose 5-FU,the intestinal mucous was damaged severely;the number of msi-1 positive cells increased markedly;The intestinal mucosal cells can be divided into two groups by flow cytometry,and in the group in which the value of FSC was higher,the percentage of msi-1 positive cells increased to 67.75 %.Conclusions After the treatment of high dose of 5-FU,the percentage of intestinal stem cells increased significantly;this model may be useful for further isolation and enrichment of intestinal epithelial stem cells.

15mm~2)of dural sac cross-sectional area to values smaller than 75 mm~2 was found during examination in axial loading,or if a suspected disc herniation,narrow lateral recess,narrow intervertebral foramen,or intraspinal synovial cyst changed to being obvious at the axial loading examination,they were regarded as additional information.Results After axial loading CT examination,AVI was found in 16 of 40 patients.A significant decrease of dural sac area was found in 13 patients.Intervertebral disc herniation was more severe in 7 patients,lateral recess or interverbral foramen narrowed in 4 patients,no intraspinal synovial cyst was found.After axial loading MRI examination,AVI was found in 19 of 60 patients.A significant decrease of dural sac area was found in 13 patients.Intervertebral disc herniation became severe in 10 patients,lateral recess or interverbral foramen narrowed in 8 patients,no intraspinal synovial cyst was found.AVI was found in 32 of 79(40.5%)patients with sciatica and 2 of 20(10.0%)patients with low back pain(?~2=7.45 P

Objective To evaluate the effects of different doses of lidocaine on suppressing fentanyl-induced cough and determine a safe suppressing dose.Methods Two hundred patients undergoing general anesthesia were randomized to four groups evenly.The following medications were given within ten seconds:normal saline 10ml (groupⅠ,control group),lidocaine 1 mg/kg (groupⅡ),lidoeaine 1.5 mg/kg(groupⅢ),lidocaine 2mg/kg (groupⅣ).Toxic symptoms of lidocaine were recorded within lmin after the administration of lidocaine,then fentanyl 3?g/ kg was given intravenously within 5 seconds.Cough incidence and cough grade were recorded within 2rain after the administration of fentanyl.Systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),heart rates (HR),and satu- ration of pulse oximeter(SpO2) were recorded during different time points of induction,all recorded data were anal- ysed by the statistical software,P value