Objective To investigate demographic factors implicated in the functional maturation of autologous arteriovenous fistula in a population of patients with end-stage renal disease. Methods The data of 335 consecutive patients with end-stage renal disease who were performed autologous arteriovenous fistula from January 2010 to December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. The parameters affecting autologous arteriovenous fistula functional maturation were screened. Results Overall arteriovenous fistula functional maturation rate was 78.14%(218/279). The arteriovenous fistula functional maturation rate was 68.33%(82/120) in diabetes and 85.54%(136/159) in non-diabetes, and there was significant difference (χ2=11.844, P<0.01). The arteriovenous fistula functional maturation rate was 62.26%(33/53) in hypoproteinemia and 81.86%(185/226) in non-hypoproteinemia, and there was significant difference (χ2=9.648, P<0.01). Diabetes and hypoproteinemia were the risk factors to promote functional maturation (OR=6.003, 8.476). The arteriovenous fistula functional maturation rate was 87.10%(81/93) in calcium channel blockers using and 73.66%(137/186) in non-calcium channel blockers using, and there was significant difference (χ2=6.556, P<0.05). Calcium channel blockers was the protective factor for promoting functional maturation (OR=0.086). Conclusions Diabetes and hypoproteinemia are found to be associated with functional non-maturation, while calcium channel-blocker agents are associated with better functional maturation.

Objective To detect genetic alterations in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA), and to investigate the mechanism of development of this neoplasm. Methods Three patients with PXA were studied. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was performed to study chromosomal imbalances in PXA. Using immunohistochemical analysis, the expression of EGFR was detected in PXA. Results Using CGH analysis, genetic imbalance was detected on at least one chromosome for each case. One patient revealed multiple genetic alterations, including gains of 2p14-pter, 4p15-pter, 7p21-qter, 11q24-qter, 12 and 15q14-qter,as well as losses of 8p11.2-pter, 9p11-p23, 10p12-pter, and 13q14-qter. This patient experienced tumor recurrence and died one year later. Gain on Chromosome 7 and loss on Chromosome 8p were demonstrated in 2 of the 3 patients. Immunohistochemically, no EGFR positive reaction was found in all cases. Conclusion Detection of genetic alterations is very important in understanding the pathogenesis of PXA.

Objective To investigate the value of thyroid transcription factor-1(TTF-1) in the diagnosis and biological behavior assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Thirty liver specimens obtained from benign lesions were analysed, among which 25 were hepatic cirrhosis and inflammatory diseases, and the other 5 were adenomas. And there were 176 specimens of liver tumors, among which 142 were HCC (well differentiated, n=12; moderately differentiated, n=57; poorly differentiated, n=73), 17 were intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (ICC) and the other 17 were liver metastatic carcinoma (MC). The expression of TTF-1 was examined immunohistochemically in the above tissues, and the difference in expression of TTF-1 among different tissues was examined by Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman rank correlation analysis. Results TTF-1 was significantly expressed in the cytoplasms of all the hepatocytes besides tumors and liver benign lesions. The expression rate of TTF-1 in HCC was 78.9% (112/142), however, TTF-1 was negatively expressed in ICC and MC(P

Aged ; Ear Neoplasms ; pathology ; Ear, Middle ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Papilloma ; pathology

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion for dysmenorrhea due to deficiency cold. Methods: A total of 70 patients with dysmenorrhea who met the inclusion criteria were randomized into a mild moxibustion group and a herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group by the random number table, with 35 cases in each group. Shenque (CV 8), Zhongji (CV 3) and bilateral Zigong (EX-CA 1) were selected for both groups. The treatment continued for 3 menstrual cycles. The visual analog scale (VAS) and COX menstrual symptom scale (CMSS) were scored in both groups before treatment, after treatment and at the end of the 3rd menstrual cycle after treatment. The clinical efficacy was evaluated at the end of the 3rd menstrual cycle after treatment. Results: After treatment, the clinical efficacy of the herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group had the tendency to be superior to that of the mild moxibustion group, while there was no statistically significant difference in the overall efficacy between the two groups (P>0.05). The VAS and CMSS scores after treatment and at the follow-up were significantly lower than those before treatment in both groups (all P<0.05). At the follow-up, the VAS scores in both groups had no significant intra-group differences from those after treatment (both P>0.05). The CMSS scores in both groups were significantly lower than those after treatment (both P<0.05). The VAS scores at the follow-up of both groups had no statistical differences from those after treatment (both P>0.05). After treatment, the CMSS score in the herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group was significantly lower than that in the mild moxibustion group (P<0.05). At the follow-up, there were no statistical differences in the CMSS score between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion has the same therapeutic efficacy for dysmenorrhea as the mild moxibustion; the two moxibustion methods can significantly improve the concomitant symptoms of dysmenorrhea, and the herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion is little better.

Objective To evaluate left intra-ventricular diastolic blood flow patterns and fluid dynamics in pre diabetics using vector flow mapping(VFM),and to explore the value of left intra-ventricular hydromechanics characteristics assessment of intracardiac flow by VFM with more sensitive indexes.Methods Forty four patients with type 2 diabetes,twenty-eight pre-diabetes patients and thirty-three normal volunteers underwent VFM to determine the left ventricular(LV) diastolic blood flow patterns and fluid dynamics.The two-dimensional color Doppler flow images data were acquired in standerd apical fourchamber view during 3 complete cardiac cycles.These images were analyzed using a dedicated off-line workstation.At different level (mitral annulus,papillary muscl and apex level),the diastole blood flow parameters of LV including flow velocity and volume,velocity gradients (△V),pressure gradients (△P),diastole flow volume,vortex intensity ( Ⅵ),vortex area ( VA),vortex radius (VA) were derived.Thedifferences of the above parameters were compared among the three groups.The correlationship between diastolic function parameters and LV hydromechanics indexes were analyzed.Results ① Compared to normal group and pre-diabetics group,the LV diastolic function parameters E/A and e/a in diabetics group were lower( P ＜0.01),with no differences for E/e( P ＞0.05).There were no significant diffrences of these indices between diabetics group and pre-diabetics group( P ＞0.05).②)Compared to normal group,the intraventricular peak flow velocity at basal level,△V and △P in diabetics group and pre-diabetics group were lower( P ＜0.01),but there were no significant differences of these indices between diabetics group and prediabetics group( P ＞ 0.05).③Compared to normal group,the diastolic positive volume at basal level in diabetics group and pre-diabetics group was lower ( P ＜0.01 ),but there was no significant differences of these indices between diabetics group and pre-diabetics group ( P ＞ 0.05).④ Compared to the normal group,the Ⅵ in diabetics and pre-diabetics group was decreased,but there were no significant differences ofthese indices between diabetics group and pre-diabetics group( P ＞0.05).The VA and VR in diabetics and pre-diabetics group were increased,but there were no significant differences of these indices between diabetics group and pre-diabetics group ( P ＞ 0.05).⑤ There were no correlationship between diastolic function parameters and LV hydromechanics indexes.Conclusions There is the same LV diastolic blood flow patterns and fluid dynamics existed in pre-diabetics as diabetics.VFM could be used as a new methods to demonstrate the early left intra-ventricular fluid dynamics damages in pre-diabetics patients.

Objective:To study the effect of endoscope on the treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) combined with biliary tract obstrucition (BTO).Methods:We have analyzed retrospectively the results of twelve patients suffering from HCC combined with BTO from 5,1990 to 5,2000.Among these cases,various reasons were found.5 of them were intrabilitary cancer embolus,7 were billary calculus.7 of them were treated with endoscope and following surgical resection,1 was treated with endoscope、TAE and resection,the 3 rest of them were solely treated with endoscope.Results:Of all the 12 cases,1 died of resection,2 failed to follow the survey,these 3 cases above took 25%;among the rest of 9 cases,2 of them survived for 3 to 6 months,3 for half to 1 year,3 for 1 to 2 year,1 for at least 2 years.Those cases suviving for more than 1 year were received surgical resection.Conclusions:We should have no fixed way but to deal with each patient of HCC combined with BTO on his/her merits.As our recognition towards them began accumulating,we found that,in the early stage of obstruction,active endoscopic treatment would prove to be preferable.If combined with other therapy such as surgical resection and TAE,Endoscopy would improve the curative effect of HCC combined with BTO substantially.

Objective To investigate the pathological features and differential diagnosis of mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney(MESTK). Methods Three patients with MESTK were studied by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry,and related literatures were reviewed. Results In the three patients,two were females and one was male,with the mean age of 20 years old.Examined grossly,the tumors were well circumscribed and typically composed of multiple cysts and solid areas.Microscopically,the tumors were composed of epithelial and spindle cells,both of the which were well differentiated with no atypia and mitosis of the nuclei.The immunohistochemical staining showed positive for the cytokeratin in the epithelial cells,and Vimentin,SMA,actin,PgR or ER and WT-1 in the spindle cells.No tumor recurrence and metastasis was found in all the three patients by 25 to 29 months of follow up. ConclusionMESTK is an uncommon mixed renal neoplasm with a favorable prognosis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Jiangu granule containing serum (JGG-serum) on the cyclins in rat's osteoblast at G1 phase.

METHODSOsteoblasts isolated by enzymatic digestion from SD rats were cultured and intervened with JGG-serum or normal saline (as control) respectively. Cell generation cycle was detected by flow cytometry, and expressions of Cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), oncogene protein (P21) in the osteoblast were detected dynamically using immuno-cytochemical and RT-PCR technique.

RESULTSAs compared with the control, the cell generation cycle and cell proliferation were proceeding quicker in the JGG-serum (20%) intervention group; with higher protein and mRNA expressions of Cyclin D1 and CDK4, as well as much lowered expressions of P21 in nuclei of osteoblast detected at all time points (24 h, 48 h and 72 h after treatment, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONJGG-serum can adjust the G1 phase cyclins in osteoblast cultured in vitro, increase the mRNA and protein expressions of Cyclin D1 and CDK4, and inhibit P21 expression, so as to accelerate the proliferation of osteoblast.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; G1 Phase ; drug effects ; Male ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serum

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of DNA ploidy analysis combined with immunocytochemistry p16/ki-67 double staining in cervical high grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia(HSIL) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).Methods A total of 73 cases of cytological tests were randomly collected.Among them,53 cases were small DNA ploidy abnormal cells and 20 cases were DNA ploidy negative.The p16/Ki-67 results were detected by immunocytochemistry double staining.With the pathological results as the golden standard,the diagnostic values of DNA ploidy analysis and DNA ploidy analysis combined with p16/Ki-67 double staining in HSIL + was contrastively analyzed by pathologic results.Results Among 20 samples of DNA ploidy negative,the p16/Ki-67 double staining results all were negative.The positive predictive value of DNA ploidy analysis for HSIL + was 34.62％.The sensitivity of DNA ploidy analysis combined with p16/Ki-67 double staining for HSIL + was 84.62％,and its specificity was 92.31％,the positive predictive value was 78.57％ and the negative predictive value was 94.74％,which were significantly higher than those of DNA ploidy analysis(P＜0.05).Conclusion p16/Ki-67 double staining can significantly im prove the prediction value of HSIL.The DNA ploidy analysis combined with p16/Ki-67 double staining is an effective method for predicting HSIL +,which is suitable for the implementation in the areas with lack of medical resources.