Cellulase system contains a series of complex components.There are still some problems remained unclear in cellulase and its mechanism of hydrolyzing lignocellulosic materials and its hydrolysis kinetics,so profound study is needed.The rapid development of many kinds of new interdiscipline such as biochemistry,molecular biology and gene engineering,has further clarified the structure and function of cellulase,and the relationshi Pof its gene expression and regulation,and furthermore resulted in derivative study methods about cellulase in more aspects.Cellulase system components according to synergistic catalytic mode and the sequence of the homology amino acids similarity,summarizes traditional detection methods of enzyme components,and emphasizes on research progress of various biosensors applied in detection of cellulase activity and gene expression was introduced.

Recently, more and more public attention has been paid to nanomaterials in various fields. Especially, the preparation methods of core/shell nanoparticles have been drastically updated and developed. There exists great application prospect for the development of biosensing core/shell nanoparticles. This paper emphatically introduced the operation principle, preparation methods of biosensing core/shell nanopaticles and the latest application progress in electrochemical biosensor, optical biosensor and piezoelectric crystal biosensor.

Objective To explore the effect of tonifying kidney with traditional Chinese medicine together with estradiol valerate and clomiphene citrate on serum leptin levels in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Method Two hundred and eight patients with PCOS were randomly divided into observation group (n=104) and control group (n=104). Patients in control group and observation group took estradiol valerate and clomiphene citrate, while patients in observation group took Shiying Minlin soup for three months. Crinosity, body temperature, acne&Skin diseases, and menoxenia were recorded; Leptin (LP) and five hormone including follicle stimulating hormone (FSH),luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), estradiol (E 2) and testosterone (T) are determined using euzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Results Crinosity, body temperature, acne&Skin diseases, and menoxenia were improved;the level of FSH, LH, PRL, E 2, T in both observation and control group decreased and the content in observation group are high than that in control group, while LH,T and E 2 are lower. Conclusion Treatment with tonifying kidney with traditional Chinese medicine on polycystic ovarian syndrome can decrease the level of FSH, LH, PRL, E 2, T and LP. Compared with western medicine, tonifying kidney with traditional Chinese medicine showed advantage in the terms of treatment on polycystic ovarian syndrome.

· Application of capsular tension ring ( CTR ) in phacoemulsification has become a common method to increase the stability of the capsular bag. CTR can effectively reduce the posterior capsular opacification ( PCO) , prevent intraocular lens ( lOL ) decentration and tilt, not cause lOL degree deviation and aberration increase.ln this review, we summarized the development overview of CTR in phacoemulsification.

It is for estimating the laboratory statistics from the view of clinical medicine objectively,completely and appropriately that we establish ＜ Laboratory Sciences and Clinical Medicine ＞ which fits the requirement for the modern medical laboratory specialists. In this selective course, we use problem-based learning ( PBL ) teaching method which is different from the traditional one, stimulating students to participate in the study actively and passionately,training them to think in a scientific way and to analyse and solve the problem in a rational way. As a result, it works well which makes us believe it is worth popularizing.

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility and optimal condition of isolation,purification and expansion of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) derived from human umbilical cord blood in vtro.MethodsHuman umbilical cord blood(HUCB) was collected from full term deliveries scheduled,all samples were obtained sterilely with 20 U/ml preservative free heparin.The cord mononuclear cells were isolated with lymphocyte separation medium(density 1.077 g/ml),purified and expanded with MesencultTM medium and acidic environment to produce adherent layer.The surface antigen expression of MSCs was detected with flow cytometry.ResultsThe HUCB-derived mononuclear cells,when seeded in specific medium,gave rise to adherent cells,which exhibited either an osteoclast or mesenchymal-like phenotype.After passage 3,these cells were able to be purified and expanded.6.6×105 primary MSCs reached a number of 9.9×10<>sup8 after 10 expanded passage.Flow cytometry showed that MSCs did not express antigens CD34,CD11a and CD11b,but express strongly CD29 and weakly CD71,which was identical to human bone marrow-derived MSCs.ConclusionMSCs in HUCB can be cultured and expanded in vitro,and could be a source of stem cells for experimental and clinical application.

This paper introduce the professor WU Lian-zhong's clinical experience in acupuncture treatment for facial paralysis. Professor WU emphasizes the treatment based on syndrome differentiation. The appropriate theory, method, prescription and acupoints should be applied according to observing the subtle details of syndromes and differentiating the state of diseases development, so as to obtain effectiveness, to shorten the duration of treatment course and to reduce sequelae. The concrete methods of prognosis diagnosis for facial paralysis and three effective cases are introduced.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Facial Paralysis ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male

OBJECTIVETo observe different effects of moxibustion on extracellular potassium ion in acupoint under physiological and pathological status and provide experimental evidence for exploring action mechanism of moxibustion on acupoint local.

METHODSForty female SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a blank-moxibustion group, a model group and a model-moxibustion group, 10 cases in each one. The complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA) was adopted to establish model of adjuvant arthritis (AA) in the model group and model-moxibustion group. No treatment was given in the blank group and model group while moxibustion was applied at "Zusan-li" (ST 36) for 30 min in the blank-moxibustion group and model-moxibustion group. The tissue fluid in "Zusanli" (ST 36) was collected with microdialysis and real-time analyzed by electrolytic analyzer. The change of concentration of potassium ion in "Zusanli" (ST 36) was observed.

RESULTS(1) Under physiological status, the concentration of extracellular potassium ion in the blank group was not changed within 150 min (P > 0.05); before the moxibustion, the concentration of extracellular potassium ion in the blank-moxibustion group was (1.21 +/- 0.31) mmol/L, and after treatment it was gradually increased and reached its peak at (2.38 +/- 0.42) mmol/L after 60 min (P < 0.05), then it was reduced. 150 min after the treatment, concentration of potassium ion was slightly higher than that before moxibustion as well as that in the blank group. The concentration in the blank-moxibustion group at 60 min was statistically significant compared with that in the blank group (P < 0.05). (2) Under pathological status, the concentration of extracellular potassium ion in the model group was not changed within 150 min, differences of which at each time point was not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). Before the moxibustion, the concentration of extracellular potassium ion was (1.09 +/- 0.12) mmol/L in the model-moxibustion group, and it was immediately increased to (1.96 +/- 0.18) mmol/L after moxibustion. 60 min and 90 min after the moxibustion, it still maintained a higher level, which was (1.87 +/- 0.29) mmol/L and (1.59 +/- 0.16) mmol/L respectively (both P < 0.05). The differences of each time point after moxibustion in the model-moxibustion group were statistically significant compared with those in the model group (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe moxibustion could increase the concentration of potassium ion in rat's acupoint local under physiological status but time of effect is short; with moxibustion at "Zusanli" (ST 36) under pathological status, the concentration of local potassium ion is obviously increased and maintains for a long time.

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Arthritis, Experimental ; metabolism ; therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; Potassium ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

There have been several epidemiological studies evaluating the potential association between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) A1298C polymorphism and the risk of male infertility.However,the results obtained were inconsistent.Therefore,we performed a meta-analysis to further examine the association between the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism and male infertility.A comprehensive search was conducted to identify all eligible studies from the online literature databases published prior to January 15th,2016.A total of 20 studies with 4293 cases and 4507 controls were included.An odds ratio (OR) and a 95％ confidence interval (95％ CI) were calculated to assess the strength of the association.A cumulative meta-analysis,sensitivity analysis and assessment of the publication bias were also performed in this study.The results showed that in the overall analysis,the association between the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism and male infertility was not significant.A stratified analysis by ethnicity revealed a significant increase in the risk of male infertility in the Asian population with the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism (especially in the heterozygote model:OR=l.20,95％ CI=1.01-1.44,P=0.994;the dominant model:OR=1.23,95％ CI=1.04-1.45,P=0.996;and the allele model:OR=l.20,95％ CI=1.04-1.39,P=0.985) but not in the Caucasian population.In the stratified analyses,no significant association was observed between the different types of male infertility.This meta-analysis suggests the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism may be a potential risk factor for male infertility,especially in the Asian population.

Objective: To report a family diagnosed with Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS) due to SLC16A2 gene mutation and to summarize the phenotypes, genotypes, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Methods: The clinical features of a family of AHDS diagnosed in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University in November 2017 were analyzed. Related literature was searched at Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), PubMed, CNKI and Wanfang database (from the establishment of databases to June 2018) by using "Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome" , and "AHDS" as keywords and the case reports from April 2013 to June 2018 were reviewed. Results: The proband was a boy aged 8 months who presented with global developmental retardation, inability to hold up the head, disability to sit independently or grab, no language development, elongated face, big ears, esotropia, scoliosis, hypotonia in the trunk, hypertonia in extremities, and hyperreflexia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed widening of the extracerebral space and delayed myelination. Thyroid function tests revealed increased FT3, decreased FT4 and normal TSH. Whole exome sequencing (WES) revealed the SLC16A2 gene c.431-1 (IVS1) G>C hemizygous mutation. The infant's mother and grandmother are carriers, but whose father had no related mutation. One uncle from maternal side had severe psychomotor retardation as well as dystonia and died at one year of age with unknown etiology. A total of 97 articles were retrieved in which 19 case reports were reviewed. Forty-two cases (22 from 8 families and 20 sporadic) were reported. Among these 42 cases (all males), all of them presented with moderate to severe cognitive dysfunction, 15 with seizures; 36 were bedridden, only 4 could walk; 31 had no language development, 2 could speak sentences, 4 could speak few words, 1 had babbling sounds. Furthermore,16 had microcephaly, 18 had facial dysmorphism, 6 had esotropia, 2 had hearing loss,14 had scoliosis, 11 had joint contracture, 30 had low body weight/muscle wasting, 37 had hypotonia in trunk or extremities, 32 had progressive spastic paraplegia or hypertonia. In terms of thyroid function, 33 had abnormal results, within whom 30 had increased T3, 25 had decreased T4 and 3 had increased TSH. Brain MRI showed delayed myelination in 22 cases, within which one normalized with development. Genetic tests showed that 31 had missense mutation (14 sporadic), 5 had deletion mutation (3 sporadic, and 1 due to frameshift mutation), 5 had insertion mutation (2 sporadic), and 1 had repeated mutation. The prognosis was poor as patients often died of recurrent respiratory tract infection. Conclusions The main clinical manifestations of AHDS are severe global developmental retardation, hypotonia, spastic paraplegia, abnormal serum levels of thyroid hormone and delayed brain myelination. SLC16A2 c. 431-1 (IVS1) G > C mutation is accountable for this disease.