Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of embryonic dopaminergic neurons,mesencephalon-derived neural stem cells with or without pre-differentiation as grafts in the treatment of Parkinson's disease(PD) in SD rats.Methods Forty SD Parkinsonian rats were randomly assigned to four groups as follows: normal saline grafted group(A),mesencephalon-derived neural stem cells without pre-differentiation grafted group(B),embryonic dopaminergic neurons grafted group(C) and mesencephalon-derived neural stem cells with pre-differentiation grafted group(D).Normal saline and different cells were transplanted into the rat's striatum by stereotactic technique.Therapeutic effects were evaluated based on the improvement of rat's rotation behavior at 2nd,4th and 8th week after operation and survival of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)-immunoreactive(TH-ir) cells at 8th week after operation.Results No obvious amelioration in number of rotation was found in group A(F=0.294,P=0.830).In group B,the number of rotation was decreased after operation,but the difference was not significant compared with that before operation(F=0.335,P=0.800).The numbers of rotation were obviously decreased in group C(F=26.838,P=0.000) and group D(F=14.571,P=0.000) at 8th week after operation,but no significant difference was found between the two groups(P=0.764).TH immunohistochemical staining showed that the number of TH positive cells was 665?264 in group D,679?286 in group C,80?36 in group B,and 0 in group A,and no significant difference existed between group C and D(P=0.548).Conclusion As grafts,both embryonic dopaminergic neurons and mesencephalon-derived neural stem cells with pre-differentiation can improve the rotational behavior and cellular morphology of Parkinsonian rats after neural cells transplantation.

Cerebral Hemorrhage ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Cerebral Ventricles ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Premature, Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control

Objective To analyze the CT features of hepatic echinococcosis rupture into the biliary tract, and to assess the value of CT study in the diagnosis of such cases. Methods CT findings in 15 cases proved surgically and pathologically were studied and analyzed retrospectively. Results 15 patients had 20 hepatic echinococcosis, including simple echinococcosis with single cyst (9 lesions), simple hydatid cyst with multiple cysts (6 lesions), and multivesicular echinococcosis with multiple cysts (5 lesions). 2 lesions had calcifications on the cyst wall. The rupture of hepatic echinococcosis into the intrahepatic ducts was found in all 15 cases. Meanwhile, 12 of them had rupture into the common bile duct, and 2 into the gallbladder. The main CT findings were hepatic echinococcosis incorporated with the dilatation of the biliary tract. Conclusion Signs of rupture of hepatic echinococcosis into the biliary tract are characteristic in CT studies, providing a reliable evidence for preoperative diagnosis.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of mesencephalon progenitor cells as dopamine neuron's graft in treatment of Parkinson disease(PD) in rats. Methods: Animal model of PD were established in SD rats by 6 hydroxydopamine. Mesencephalon progenitor cells were obtained from 13 day old fetal rats. After in vitro proliferation and differentiation, the cells were planted into PD rat striatum. Results: Progenitor cells were expanded in an undifferentiated state with endothelia growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor as mitogens. IL 1 and striatal culture media further increased the number of TH immunoreactive cells. Transplantation of these neurons relieved the rotation symptom of PD rats. Conclusion: Transplantation of mesencephalon progenitor cells has certain effects on PD rats.

Objectives To explore the perceived stigma among family members of people with schizophrenia and to identify the influential factors related to perceived stigma in socio-demographic characters of family members and patient characters.Methods Total 127 family members of people with schizophrenia in a psychiatric hospital in Beijing were surveyed by the Perceived Devaluation-Discrimination Scale developed by Link.Results The mean score of the perceived devaluation-discrimination scale is 2.60±0.44.It was significantly higher than the 2.5 midpoint(t=2.53,P<0.05).Family member's perceived stigma was significantly different between different groups of residence area,education level,occupation and family income (P<0.05).Perceived stigma were not affected by patient characters (P>0.05).Family members'education level was the influencing factors of stigma,and the R~2 Square is 0.213.Conclusions The family members of people with schizophrenia suffered from high stigma.Education level of family member may be one of the influential factors.

Objective To evaluate the peripheral dose (PD) from megavoltage cone-beam CT (MVCBCT) imaging for head-and-neck region image-guided radiation therapy,to determine the correlation of PD with monitor unit (MU),and to investigate the impact of imaging field size on the PD.Methods Measurements of PD from MVCBCT were made with a 0.65 cm3 ionization chamber placed in a specially designed phantom at various depths and distances from the field edges.The PD at reference point inside the phantom was measured with the same ionization chamber to investigate the linearity between MU used for MVCBCT and the PD.The homogeneity of PD in the axial plane of the phantom were measured.Results PD from MVCBCT increased with increasing number of MU used for imaging and with increasing the field size.The measured PD in the phantom decreased exponentially as distance from the field edges increased.PD also decreased as the depth from the phantom surface increased.There was a strong linear relationship between PD and MUs used for MVCBCT.The PD was heterogeneous,with higher dose at the anterior than the posterior.Conclusions The PD from MVCBCT depend much on the MVCBCT delivery MU and the scan field size.In clinic,using the smallest number of MU allowable and reducing MVCBCT scanning field size without compromising acquired image quality is an effective method of reducing the PD.

Objective To study the effectiveness of subfascial endoscopic communicating branch vein ablation in treating communi cating branch vein insufficiency.Methods Fifty-seven cases of primary lower ext remity vein valve insufficiency complicated by communicating vein insufficiency diagnosed by venography and color duplex were treated with subfascial endoscopic communicating branch vein ablation, and their information was analyzed retrosp ectively.Results Swelling was observed in leg of 7 cases after operation, and disappeared within one week spontaneously. Incision infec tion occurred in 2 cases and skin ambustion happened in 2 cases. Superficial vei n varicosis disappeared in all case, skin pigmentatin declined significantly and ulcers healed in 2-3 weeks.Conclusion Subfascial endoscopic communicating branch vein ablation is an excellent choice in treating communicating branch ve in insufficiency.

Objective:To study the clinical feasibility of transplanting human neural stem cells in treatment of cerebellar atrophy (CA).Methods:The cells from human fetal cerebellum(8-10 weeks gestation) were expanded in vitro and were allowed to differentiate into neurospheres,the latter were then implanted into CA dentate nuclei with stereotactic operation in 21 CA patients(8 male and 13 female with age ranging 19-71,mean 46) from Feb. 2000 to Aug. 2003. Results:The cells of fetal cerebellum were expanded by 10 7 folds in undifferentiated state. The effective rates were 61.9% 3 months after transplantation,85.7% 6 months after transplantation, and 90.4% during a follow-up of 12-28 months (mean 18 months).Conclusion:It is feasible and effective to implant the neural stem cells expanded in vitro for treatment of CA,but the long-term effectiveness should be futher observed.

Objective To review the clinical and laboratory features of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Methods The clinical and laboratory data from 246 cases of TBM in Tuberculosis Treatment Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Zhejiang Province from January 1,1999 to December 31,2005 were collected and analyzed with SPSS 15.0 software. Results In 246 TBM patients,203(82.5%)was of basilar meningitis, 170(69. 1%)complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis. Fever,nausea, vomiting and headache were common symptoms in TBM patients. PPD skin tests were positive in 155(63.0%)patients, but only 12(4.9%)were acid-fast bacillus smear-positive in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF test showed that the white blood cells[(320 - 880)× 106/L], protein(0. 95 - 13.8 g/L)were increased, while glucose(1.53 - 3.2 mmol/L)and chloride content(90 - 111 mmol/L)were decreased. Adenosine deaminase ≥8 U/L was observed in 230(93.5%)patients, and 185(75.2%)patients were tuberculosis antibody positive. Eighty-one(32. 9%)patients showed nodular or annular shadows in cranial CT. After comprehensive therapy, 242(98.4%)patients recovered or improved and no sequela was observed, while 4(1.6%)patients died. Conclusion Early diagnosis of TBM should be based on clinical manifestations, changes of cerebrospinal fluid, imaging examination and PPD test.

AIM: To explore the expression of CD14 in rat Kupffer cells (KCs). METHODS: In rat KCs induced by LPS or the mediators from KCs induced by LPS,the changes of CD14 expression were measured by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.The expressions of TNF? mRNA?IL-6 mRNA or the concentrations of TNF??IL-6 were estimated by in situ hybridization and radioimmunoassay,respectively. RESULTS: LPS increased the expression of CD14 in KCs in a dose-dependent fashion (LPS,1 ?g/L-10 mg/L) and in a time-dependent fashion(0.5 h-24 h,peaked at 3-6 hours). While the expression of CD14 in KCs stimulated by the active mediators from KCs which had been exposed to LPS 1 hour were obviously increased. CONCLUSIONS: There was a close relationship between LPS or the active mediators from KCs induced by LPS and the expressions of CD14. It is implied that the increase in CD14 expression may be induced by LPS and the cytokines produced by KCs,it also reveals that there is a auto-regulated loop in CD14 expression.