Depression is a serious mental illness with a high incidence. At present, we do not fully understand the specific pathological mechanisms of depression, and the efficacy of drug treatments is very limited. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic changes that occur in specific brain regions may be a key mechanism by which environmental factors to interact with individuals to influence the risk of depression. Therefore, drugs that target epigenetic regulation may become a new direction for the development of antidepressants. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are a class of compounds that inhibit histone deacetylase activity, which has been reported to be associated with depression; this article addresses the use of HDACi in preclinical studies, and their potential therapeutic role and limitations of use in depression.

Objective To construct a multi-gene recombinant pcDNA3-HBsAg-p30-ROP2 expression vector and identify it preliminarily. Methods According to recombinant pcDNA3-p30-ROP2 restriction sites,HBV HBsAg gene sequences of primers were designed and synthesized to amplify target fragment,and then cloned into pcDNA3-HbsAg-p30-ROP2 expression vector. Af-ter sequencing,it was identified finally by restriction enzyme digestion and other molecular biology techniques. Results HBV HBsAg gene segment was amplified by PCR and the multi-gene recombinant pcDNA3-HBsAg-p30-ROP2 expression vector was constructed and identified to be correct as theoretical values. The PCR and restriction enzyme digestion results showed that HBsAg and p30-ROP2 gene in recombinant plasmid were confirmed by DNA sequencing. Conclusion The multi-gene recombinant pcD-NA3-HBsAg-p30-ROP2 expression vector is successfully constructed.

AIMTo investigate the correlation between the gastric adaptive cytoprotection and the low concentration alcohol intake in a chronic drinking rat model and the effect of chronic ethanol exposures on the cell turnover of the gastric mucosa and its possible role in adaptive cytoprotection.

METHODSSprague-Dawley rats received the drinking water containing 6% (v/v) ethanol as their only water intake for 28 days. In the different stages of the 28 days (1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th days), the stomachs of the rats were cannulated and perfused with pure ethanol, and the severity of mucosal lesions was measured in 2 hours at the end of perfusion respectively. The cell proliferation and apoptosis in gastric mucosa of rats in different groups were analyzed by flow cytometer, immunohistochemistry and computer image analysis.

RESULTSPure ethanol caused ulcer and haemorrhagic damage in the corpus and antral mucosa of the control rats. These lesions were prevented by pretreatment of the animals with ethanol exposure in the 3 rd to 14 th days. The damage index was decreased by 80%, as compared with those in control rats. There was no significant difference in the rats exposed to the ethanol in the 1st and 28th days. Compared with control, the cell apoptosis in gastric mucosa of the rats was enhanced during they exposure to the ethanol in the 3rd to 28th days. Otherwise the cell proliferation was increased in the 3rd to 28th days, and decreased in the 28th days, respectively.

CONCLUSIONChronic adequate alcohol intake may enhance the cell turnover of gastric mucosa and lead to an adaptive cytoprotection. Long-term stimulus with the low concentration ethanol may cause the atrophy of gastric mucosa and reduce the gastric mucosal cytoprotective effect.

Alcoholism ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Cytoprotection ; Ethanol ; adverse effects ; Gastric Mucosa ; cytology ; pathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of different surgical sequences in the ultrasound-guided endovenous microwave ablation combined with foam sclerotherapy for the treatment of primary great saphenous varicose veins.Method A total of 80 patients with great saphenous varicose vein admitted in the affiliated hospital of Jiangsu University,from January 2022 to January 2023 were selected.Patients were divided into observation group and control group according to different operation order,with 40 cases in each group.The control group was treated with ultrasound-guided micro wave ablation of the main saphenous vein was performed first,followed by superficial calf vein foam sclerotherapy injection and local small incision point extraction,and the observation group was treated with superficial calf vein foam sclerotherapy injection and local small incision point extraction first,followed by ultrasound-guided microwave ablation of the main saphenous vein was performed.Perioperative relevant indicators at the 1st week of the two groups were counted,and the incidence of hematoma,ecchymosis,induration,skin burn,thrombotic superficial phlebitis,and endovenous heat induced thrombosis at the 1st week after surgery.The venous clinical severity score and chronic venous insufficiency quality of life at the 3rd and 6th month after surgery were compared between the two groups.VCSS and CIVIQ were used to evaluate the postoperative recovery of patients with varicose veins.Six months after the operation,the recurrence rate of great saphenous vein was compared by color Doppler ultrasonography.Result The operation time of the two groups was(68.13±3.34)min and(66.83±3.19)min,respectively.The intraoperative blood loss was(15.35±2.63)ml and(14.83±2.66)ml,respectively.The underground activity time was(14.35±3.34)hours and(13.60±2.63)hours,respectively.The length of hospitalization was(2.93±0.52)days and(3.15±0.61)days,respectively.There was statistical significance between the two groups(P＜0.05).The preoperative VCSS of the two groups were 4.08±1.37 and 4.23±1.33,respectively,3 months after surgery were 3.00±0.59 and 3.03±0.61,respectively,and 6 months after surgery were 2.20±1.17 and 2.35±0.96,respectively.The preoperative CIVIQ of the two groups were 79.63±5.41 and 80.03±7.44,respectively,3 months after operation was 69.90±2.98 and 70.43±3.55,respectively,the 6-month CIVIQ was 59.05±3.79 and 58.00±4.66,respectively.There was no statistical significance between the two groups(P＞0.05).The incidence of adverse events[hematoma(0 vs 0),ecchymosis(12.5％vs 15.0％),sclerosis(10.0％vs 7.5％),skin burns(0 vs 0),thrombosed superficial phlebitis(12.5％vs 17.5％),and thermal ablation-induced thrombosis(10.0％vs 5.0％)]in the patients of the two groups in the 1-week period after the procedure were compared,and the difference were statistically non-significant(P＞0.05).Comparison of trunk recanalisation rate(5.0％vs 2.5％)at 6 months after surgery,the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion There is no significant difference in the efficacy of the two procedures in the treatment of primary saphenous varicose veins,with a high degree of safety,both of which are worthy of clinical promotion.

Purpose: Caspase recruitment domain containing protein 9 (CARD9) has been demonstrated to be a pro-tumor factor in various cancers. However, our previous study found a significant decrease of CARD9 in malignant pleural effusion compared with benign pleural effusion. So we investigated the role of CARD9 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its working mechanism. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry, western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the expression of CARD9 in specimens of NSCLC patients. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databasewas also used to analyze the expression of CARD9 in NSCLC and its predicting value for prognosis. Immunofluorescence was used for CARD9 cellular location. Cell growth assay, clonal formation assay, wound healing assay, matrigel invasion assay, and flow cytometry were used to test cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and cycle progression of NSCLC cells with CARD9 knockdown or CARD9 overexpression. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to identify the interaction between CARD9 and B-cell lymphoma 10 (BCL10). SB203580 was used to inhibit p38 activation. Results: CARD9 was decreased in NSCLC tissues compared with normal tissues; low CARD9 expression was associated with poor survival. CARD9 was expressed both in tumor cells and macrophages. Downregulation of CARD9 in NSCLC cells enhanced the abilities of proliferation, invasion and migration via activated MAPK/p38 signaling, while overexpression of CARD9 presented antitumor effects. BCL10 was identified to interact with CARD9. Conclusion We demonstrate that CARD9 is an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC patients and inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion by suppressing MAPK/p38 pathway in NSCLC cells.

OBJECTIVETo develop HPLC methods for the determination of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 5-O-methylvisammisoide in Saposhnicovia divaricata and of HPLC fingerprint to compare the wild and culture varieties.

METHODConditions of determination: Shimadzu C18 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm), methanol-water (40:60) as mobile phase with the flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was 254 nm. Conditions of HPLC fingerprint: MG II C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water with the flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1), using linear gradient elution, the column temperature was 30 degrees C.

RESULTThe average recovery of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin was 99.6% (RSD 0.72%, n=6). The average recovery of 5-O-methylvisammisoide was 102.6% (RSD 0.88%, n=6). The contents of prim-o-glucosylcimifugin in wild and culture varieties were (4.96 +/- 2.59) and (3.61 +/- 1.82) mg x g(-1) respectively. The contents of 5-O-methylvisammisoide were (3.91 +/- 2.09) and (4.37 +/- 2.02) mg x g(-1) respectively. The compositions of S. divaricata were effective separated under the conditions of HPLC fingerprint.

CONCLUSIONThe HPLC determination method of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 5-O-methylvisammisoide is convenient and accurate. The HPLC fingerprint analysis method could be a basis for quality control and classification evaluate of S. divaricata.

Apiaceae ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Monosaccharides ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Quality Control ; Xanthenes ; analysis ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical value of activated carbon nanoparticles for guiding lymphadenectomy in lung cancer.

METHODSFourty-two lung cancer patients were divided into two groups: the control group (22 cases) and experiment group (20 cases) who received activated carbon nanoparticles injection around the tumor either by endoscopic injection or intraoperative subserosal injection. The number of dissected lymph node, black-stained lymph node, positive lymph node and the side effect of the procedure were analyzed, respectively.

RESULTSNo severe complication was observed in the experiment group. The operative time was not prolonged significantly in the experiment group either. However, the number of average lymph nodes dissected in the experiment group (25.5) was significantly more than that in the control group (14.6) (P <0.01).

CONCLUSIONLocal injection of activated carbon nanoparticles around the tumor during surgical exploration is effective, safe and easy to do for guiding lymphadenectomy in lung cancer patient.

Adult ; Aged ; Charcoal ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymph Node Excision ; methods ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nanoparticles ; Pneumonectomy

OBJECTIVETo establish a rapid multiplex PCR (MPCR) detection system of oxacillin and erythromycin resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and evaluate the genotype distribution of the genes associated to mecA, ermA and ermC resistance in Guangzhou.

METHODSThe S. aureus strains were identified and susceptibility tests were performed using VITEK-60 or PHOENIX-100 system. The inducible resistance to clindamycin of strains with of erythromycin resistance was conducted using D-test, and the MPCR system of for detecting the antibiotic resistance genes was optimized.

RESULTSThe MPCR assay for detecting the resistance genes was constructed successfully. According to the results of MPCR, the positivity rates for mecA, ermA and ermC genes among the 124 strains of S. aureus isolated from clinical samples were 56.5%, 50% and 33.9%, respectively. Good correlation was observed between the antibiotic resistance phenotypes and the S. aureus genotypes. mecA were detected in all the methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains, and ermA and/or ermC in 97.7% of the S. aureus strains with erythromycin resistance.

CONCLUSIONThis MPCR system allows rapid and reliable analysis of antibiotic resistance genotypes of S. aureus isolated from clinical samples. mecA, ermA, and ermC genes are among the predominant genetic determinants for the resistance to oxacillin and erythromycin in S. aureus isolates in Guangzhou.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; genetics ; Erythromycin ; pharmacology ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; genetics ; Oxacillin ; pharmacology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Staphylococcus aureus ; genetics

Objective To investigate the effect of sarcopenia on the efficiency of the treatment of femoral neck fracture in elderly patients.Methods A total of 65 elderly patients aged &ge;65 years with femoral neck fractures meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were investigated in our hospital from February 2014 to February 2016.The muscle cross-sectional area(cm2) at the thoracic 12 pedicle level was measured by chest CT.The skeletal muscle index(SMI)is calculated by the formula that the muscle cross-sectional area(cm2)at T12 pedicle level was divided by m2 of the patient's body height(meter).SMI cutoff values of 42.6 cm2/m2 (males)and 30.6 cm2/m2 (females)were used to diagnose sarcopenia.Linear regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship of SMI with the length of hospital stay,blood transfusion during hospitalization and Harris score one month after surgery.The difference between the patients with and without sarcopenia in the length of hospital stay,the volume of blood transfusion,incidence rate of complications,Harris score,the mortality rate of perioperative period and on.year mortality rate were analyzed by ttest.Results Among 65 elderly patients,28 cases were diagnosed as sarcopenia.Their mean SMI was(30.3 ± 5.2)cm2/m2 in the sarcopenia group and (43.0±6.5)cm2/m2 in the non-sarcopenia group,the difference was statistically significant (t =-8.448,P ＜ 0.001).There were significant differences between the sarcopenia group and the non sarcopenia group in the mean hospital stay[(14.7 ± 5.8)d vs.(13.2±4.5)d,t =1.225,P =0.225],the transfusion volume during hospitalization[(1.7 ± 1.4) units vs.(0.92±1.0)units,t=2.621,P=0.011],Harris scores[(81.1±4.4) vs.(88.7±2.3),t=-8.219,P ＜0.001)],the incidence of complications(57.1 ％ vs.16.2 ％,x2 =11.923,P =0.001),the mortality of perioperative period(7.1％ vs.2.7％,P=0.573)and the one-year mortality(35.7％ vs.10.8％,x2 =4.468,P =0.035).Conclusions Sarcopenia can delay postoperative rehabilitation in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture and increase the incidence of complications and late mortality rate.

Background::Hypothermia therapy has been suggested to attenuate myocardial necrosis; however, the clinical implementation as a valid therapeutic strategy has failed, and new approaches are needed to translate into clinical applications. This study aimed to assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a novel selective intracoronary hypothermia (SICH) device in mitigating myocardial reperfusion injury.Methods::This study comprised two phases. The first phase of the SICH was performed in a normal porcine model for 30 minutes ( n = 5) to evaluate its feasibility. The second phase was conducted in a porcine myocardial infarction (MI) model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion which was performed by balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 60 minutes and maintained for 42 days. Pigs in the hypothermia group ( n = 8) received hypothermia intervention onset reperfusion for 30 minutes and controls ( n = 8) received no intervention. All animals were followed for 42 days. Cardiac magnetic resonance analysis (five and 42 days post-MI) and a series of biomarkers/histological studies were performed. Results::The average time to lower temperatures to a steady state was 4.8 ± 0.8 s. SICH had no impact on blood pressure or heart rate and was safely performed without complications by using a 3.9 F catheter. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were lower at 60 min post perfusion in pigs that underwent SICH as compared with the control group. On day 5 post MI/R, edema, intramyocardial hemorrhage, and microvascular obstruction were reduced in the hypothermia group. On day 42 post MI/R, the infarct size, IL-6, CRP, BNP, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were reduced, and the ejection fraction was improved in pigs that underwent SICH.Conclusions::The SICH device safely and effectively reduced the infarct size and improved heart function in a pig model of MI/R. These beneficial effects indicate the clinical potential of SICH for treatment of myocardial reperfusion injury.