OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of F4/80, NF-kappaB, p-AKT, AKT in the liver of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mice. To determine the role of Kupffer cells (KCs) in the development of NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis), and understand the pathogenic mechanism of NASH.

METHODSFive C3H/HeN mice fed with normal diet were served as controls, while fifteen fed with high fat, high fructose, high fat combined fructose diet respectively for 16 weeks were as NAFLD mice models. The liver inflammation and hepatic damage were examined, and the expression of F4/80, NF-Kb, p-AKT, AKT and the content of lipid in the liver were also detected.

RESULTSChronic intake of high fat and 30% fructose solution caused a significant increase in hepatic steatosis in animals in comparison to water controls. Liver F4/80 and NF-kappaB were significantly higher in high fat and high fat combined fructose diet fed mice than that in controls (P < 0.01, P < 0.01), F4/80 protein were higher in high fat diet treated mice than those in fructose and high fat combined fructose groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.01). Markers of insulin resistance (e. g, hepatic phospho-AKT, AKT) were only altered in fructose-fed or high fat combined fructose animals (P < 0.01, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONHigh fat and fructose diet may induce NAFLD in C3H/HeN mice. Kupffer cells and signal pathway proteins were activated, and they may play key roles in the initiation and progression of NASH.

Animals ; Diet, High-Fat ; adverse effects ; Fatty Liver ; etiology ; immunology ; metabolism ; Female ; Fructose ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Kupffer Cells ; immunology ; Lipid Metabolism ; Liver ; immunology ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; NF-kappa B ; immunology ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; Oncogene Protein v-akt ; immunology ; Signal Transduction

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of RNA interfering TLR4 signal pathway on phagocytosis of Kupffer cells.

METHODSRAW2647 mice mononuclear macrophage leukemia cells were observed. The tested group was interfered by Tlr4-mus-1567 RNA which had the best result confirmed by QPCR, cells interfered by Negative Control RNA as NC group, and normal cell as control. We perform the phagocytosis test on each group.

RESULTSThe tested group has lower phagocytes percentage than control (17.67% +/- 3.51% vs 32.00% +/- 3.00%, P < 0.01), and lower phagocytic index (46.33% +/- 7.51% vs 82.00% +/- 6.08%, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSDecreased phagocytic activity was observed on Kupffer cells by RNA interference.

Animals ; Kupffer Cells ; immunology ; Mice ; Phagocytosis ; RNA Interference ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; genetics ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression features of glypican-3 (GPC-3) and its diagnostic and differential values in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODSRat hepatoma models were made and the dynamic expression features of GPC-3 protein and its gene were investigated by Western blotting and RT-PCR respectively. Liver specimens from 36 HCC patients were collected by self-control method and the expression and clinicopathological features of GPC-3 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Serum GPC-3 levels were quantitatively detected by ELISA and its efficiency for HCC diagnosis was evaluated in patients with liver diseases.

RESULTSThe incidence of GPC-3 was 0% in control, 83.3% in degeneration, 100% in precancerosis and 100% in canceration during dynamic formation of rat hepatoma, respectively. The positive GPC-3 was brown granule- like staining localized in membrane and cytoplasm in human HCC.

CONCLUSIONSThe GPC-3 positive rates were 80.6% in HCC, 41.7% in surrounding tissues and none in distal tissues (P < 0.01), respectively. No positive relationship presented between GPC-3 and differentiation grade or the number of tumor except of tumor size (Z = 2.941, P < 0.01). The incidence of serum GPC-3 was 52.8% in HCC patients except of one patient with cirrhosis. No significant differences were found between GPC-3 and sex, age, AFP, tumor number, Child classification or extrahepatic metastasis except of tumor size (χ² = 6.318, P < 0.05) and HBV infection (χ² = 23.362, P < 0.01). Combined detection of GPC-3 and AFP could rise up diagnosis of HCC. GPC-3 expression closely associated with HCC and might be useful for early diagnosis of HCC.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Glypicans ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Young Adult

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; blood ; virology ; Female ; Hepatitis B virus ; physiology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; NF-kappa B ; blood ; Virus Replication

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic basis of cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: A pair of twins with cerebral palsy and different phenotypes were subjected to whole genome sequencing, and other 8 children with CP were subjected to whole exome sequencing. Genetic variations were screened by a self-designed filtration process in order to explore the CP-related biological pathways and genes. RESULTS: Three biological pathways related to CP were identified, which included axon guiding, transmission across chemical synapses and protein-protein interactions at synapses, and 25 susceptibility genes for CP were identified. CONCLUSION The molecular mechanism of CP has been explored, which may provide clues for development of new treatment for CP.
Cerebral Palsy ; genetics ; Child ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Whole Exome Sequencing ; Whole Genome Sequencing

Aim To study the effect of paeonol on macrophage phenotvpe conversion based on estrogen receptora (ERa).Methods The macrophage Ml polarization model was established by 100 jjig • L"' LPS and 20 pug • L_1 I FN-7.ELISA was used to examine the effects of paeonol on tumor necrosis factor-a ( TNF-cx ) , interleukin-1 £ ( 1L-1 £ ) , interleukin-10 (IL-10), superoxide dismutase (SOD) , and malondi- aldehyde ( MDA).Western blot was used to detect the expression of M1 phenotvpe markers iNOS, CD86 and M2 phenotvpe markers Arg-1 and CD 163 in macrophages.Further, the methods of blockers and shRNA interference were used to verify whether the effect of paeonol was mediated by ERa.Results ELISA results shower] that paeonol reduced the content of TNF-a, IL- lp and MDA, and increased the content of IL-10 and SOD.Western blot results showed that paeonol reduced the expression of iNOS and CD86 proteins in model group, and increased the expression of Arg-1 and CD163 proteins.Both ERa selective blocker MPP and ERa shRNA reduced the efficacy of paeonol, while ERp selective blocker PHTPP had no significant effect on paeonol.Conclusion Paeonol can induce the transformation of macrophages into M2 type by ERa and alleviate the progression of atherosclerosis.