Protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) is a common cause of children chronic cough,especially in those aged 1 ～ 6 years.It is defined by the presence of persistent wet cough for longer than 4 weeks,but lacks of symptoms or signs of other alternative diagnosis of chronic cough.It shows a normal or near-normal chest radiograph,a intense neutrophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF),and a chronic purulent bronchitis under bronchochoscopy,and usually resolves after two-week course of appropriate oral antibiotic (usually amoxicillin-clavulanatc).So far,PBB hasn't been fully recognized by most pediatricians,and often been unrecognised or misdiagnosed as asthma.In this paper,pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment are reviewed.

Glucosylceramide synthase(GCS) plays an important role in ceramide metabolism and can block apoptosis signal pathway which is mediated by ceramide. Recently, studies have demonstrated that overex-pression of GCS exists in various muhidrug resistant cancer cell lines and is related to drug resistant pheno-type. A possible connection between GCS and P-gp is also suggested. Moreover,the level of GCS can be down-regulated to increase tumor cells sensitivity by chemical inhibitor and RNA interference. Thus, inhibition of ac-tivity and expression of GCS is a new mechanism of reversing muhidrug resistance.

The mental health state of the 256 fourth-year medical students of Kunming Medical College was preliminarily analyzed by requiring. The students fill in the inquiry sheets (questionare) in a question-and-answer way. The ages of these 136 male and 120 female students ranged from 19 to 23 years old, and the self-desiged 109 items of the investigation were induced into 8 aspects related to the mental health such as the outlook on life etc. The result showed that these are differences between the mental health state of the senior medical students and the traditional ideas, morality, manners of education etc. Some initial points of view were put toward.

Objective To explore the protective effect of Ligustrazine on pulmonary fibrosis caused by hyperoxia in neonatal rats.Met-hods Eighty Sprague-Dawley(SD)clean neonatal rats,which were less than 12 hours old,were enrolled in this study.The neonatal rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:air-exposed control group(group A);air-exposed plus Ligustrazine-treated group(group B);hype-roxia-exposed control group(group C);hyperoxia-exposed plus Ligustrazine-treated group(group D).The neonatal rats of group B and group D were intraperitoneally injected with Ligustrazine[30 mg/(kg?d)] in solution of normal saline(NS),group A and group C were intraperitoneally given the same dose of NS.On 14th day,10 rats of each group were randomly chosen and then killed,the pulmonary pathological changes were observed by HE staining under light microscope.The area percentages of collagen fibers were measured by Masson staining and imaging analysis.The degree of pulmonary fibrosis was evaluated by the area percentages of collagen fibers and hydroxyproline content.The results were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software.Results On the 14th day of the exposure,the histopathologic examination demonstrated broadened lung interstitium and reduced alveolar quantity and lung fibrosis were developed in group C;Ligustrazine treatment obviously alle-viated the changes of lung histomorphology.The newborn rats in group C had lower body weight compared that of with group A,B(Pa0.05).Conclusion Early use of Ligustrazine can decrease the severity of the pulmonary fibrosis of neonatal rats exposed to hyperoxia.

Background Cataract with preexisted dry eye is a common eye disease.It is speculated that preservative-free artificial tears can inhibit inflammatory procedure,prevent postoperative eye infections and reduce dry eye symptoms.However,relevant literature is rare up to now.Objective This study was to evaluate and compare the therapeutic effects between preservative-free or preservative sodium hyaluronate combined with fluorometholone eyedrops for cataract with dry-eye.Methods A randomized controlled single-blind clinical study was performed.Sixty patients with dry-eye syndrome who was going to receive surgery for cataract removal were enrolled in Yuhuangding Hospital from January to December 2015 under the informed consent.The patients were randomly divided into the test group and control group.Preservative-free or preservative 0.1％ sodium hyaluronate combined with 0.1％ fluorometholone eye drops were topically administered in the eyes of the test group and control group,respectively.Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score,breakup time of tearfilm (BUT),Schirmer Ⅰ test (S I t),corneal fluorescein staining,impression cytology,goblet cell density and the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β,tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,catalase (CAT),superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in tears were evaluated and compared.Results There were significant differences in gender,ages,OSDI scores,BUT,S I t value,corneal fluorescein staining scores,impression cytology findings,and goblet cell density between the two groups (all at P＞0.05).OSDI,corneal fluorescein staining scores and imprint cellular level were evidently reduced,and BUT,S I t values and goblet cell density were significantly increased 1 month and 2 months after operation in comparison with the baseline values in the test group (F =13.058,8.027,3.755,21.652,70.962,92.354,all at P ＜ 0.05).The concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α in tears of the test group were significantly lower,and CAT and SOD2 in the tears of the test group were significantly higher than those in the control group 1 month and 2 months after operation (F=18.731,9.070,15.357,351.359,all at P＞0.05).Conclusions 0.1％ preservative-free sodium hyaluronate combined with 0.1％ fluorometholone eyedrops can relieve the symptoms and signs of dry-eyes following cataract surgery by playing antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects.

With more than 20 years of development, Pichia pastoris system has been extensively used both on a lab and industrial scale. This review outlines the progress made on P. pastoris from aspects of protein expression, molecular engineering tools and methods, and biochemical production. This review also provides perspectives on the current challenges and future directions of this important system.
Bioengineering ; Industrial Microbiology ; Pichia

Neurobiology is a cross subject,in which"Language and Attention"is an impor-tant chapter as a hotspot involved with physiology,psychology,anatomy and biology.Inorder to im-prove the teaching efficiency,it is necessary to apply the techniques such as arranging the content logically,giving prominence to the emphases and breaking through the difficulty,using interactive teaching method and collocating the assistant method rationally. Through this way,it is easier for the students to get interested in this chapter and grasped the content.

MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of endogenous non-coding RNA which found in eukaryotes and has regulatory function.Its size is about 20 to 25 nucleotides.Recent studies found that miRNA is closly related to the EBV,LMP1,signal transduction pathway,tumor-associated gene network,cell mitosis,tumor angiogenesis,tumor invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal.Therefore,studing the relationship between miRNA and nasopharyngeal will help to deepen the understanding of its pathogenesis,and also will provide new inspiration and basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

AsoneoftheCdc25phosphatasefamilymembers,Cdc25Cplaysanimportantroleinregu-lating mitosis of eukaryotic cells.In eukaryotic cells,CDK1-cell cycle protein B (CyclinB)compound mainly control the process of G2-M.The activity of Cdc25 C is the key in cell cycle into M phase.It activates CDK1-cyclinB complexes to promote cells from G2 to M phase .Improving Cdc25 C activity can promote the G2-M phase transition,and remove the G2-M phase retardation induced by ionizing radiation,preventing the damaged DNA from repaired into the phase of cell division,resulting in cell death caused by excessive cell proliferation, thus enhance radiosensitivity.

Objective To investigate the effect of tissue adhesive glue in the repairment of eyelid lacerations and surgical incisions in children.Methods Retrospective comparison trial in paediatric ophthalmology department.Children who presented for laceration and surgical incision repair between November 2015 and October 2016 were evaluated.Patients from 11 months old to 12 years old with a total of 458 patients were randomly allocated to either glue (258 cases) or sutures (200 controls) to repair their wound.Cases and controls were similar in age,wound length and width involved.Those with wound seriously infected and longer than 5 cm were excluded.Length of time to perform procedure,pain assessment of procedure by doctor,parent and child and cosmetic outcome in 3 months and 1 year were measured.Results Time taken to repair the wound was faster in the glue group (P<0.01).Doctors and parents and the children themselves rated glue repair as less distressing (P<0.01).Complications (wound dehiscence,infection and corneal damage) were the same in both groups (P>0.05).Cosmetic outcome was better in the glue group in 3 months and 1 year (P<0.05).Conclusion Tissue adhesive glue is faster and easier and less painful than suturing.Tissue adhesive glue has better cosmetic outcomes than suturing when used for the repair of eyelid lacerations and surgical incisions in children.