From aspects of etiology, pathogenesis, treatment and commonly used prescriptions and herbs, this paper expounded traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theories on cancer. Compound factors such as external evil invasion, diet damage and emotional disorders were causes of cancer in TCM theories. Clinically, TCM emphasized on expelling external evil as an important part in cancer treatment. However, characteristics of different diseases should be differentiated. Great attention should be paid to strengthening the body resistance. Generally speaking, ancient TCM doctors would used tonification herbs together with toxic herbs to benefitqi andyin as well as to promote blood circulation to remove blood stasis. Thus, the deficiency and excess were both considered. And the visible masses can be reduced from all-around and multi-level. This article suggested that TCM theories had great meaning of guidance in cancer treatment for current clinical oncologists.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) laparoscopic surgeries in the treatment of Todani type Ⅰ choledochal cyst.Methods The retrospective cohort study was conducted.The clinical data of 59 patients with Todani type Ⅰ choledochal cyst who were admitted to the People's Hospital of Hunan Province between January 2013 and January 2016 were collected.Thirty patients undergoing 2D laparoscopic surgery between January 2013 and June 2014 were allocated into the 2D group and 29 patients undergoing 3D laparoscopic surgery between July 2014 and January 2016 were allocated into the 3D group.There were the same Trocar placement and surgical procedure in the 2 groups,and surgical procedure completely followed the treatment principle of Todani type Ⅰ choledochal cyst.Observation indicators included (Ⅰ) surgical situations:conversion to open surgery,operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,(2) postoperative situations:postoperative complications,(3) follow-up.Patients were followed up by outpatient examination or telephone interview to detect postoperative recovery up to April 30,2016.Measurement data with skewed distribution were presented as M (range) and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test.Count data were compared by Fisher exact probability.Results (1) Surgical situations:patients in the 2 groups underwent laparoscopic choledochal cystectomy + Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy.Two patients in the 2D group received conversion to open surgery and patients in the 3D group received the successful surgery without conversion to open surgery.Rate of conversion to open surgery in the 2D and 3D groups were 6.7％ (2/30) and 0,respectively,with no statistically significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Operation time in the 2D and 3D groups were 285 minutes (range,240-390 minutes) and 190 minutes (range,140-215 minutes),with a statistically significant difference (U =40.0,P ＜ 0.05).Volume of intraoperative blood loss in the 2D and 3D groups were 50 mL (range,10-300mL) and 45 mL (range,20-250 mL),with no statistically significant difference (U =1 018.5,P ＞ 0.05).(2)Postoperative situations:patients in the 2 groups had good recovery,without occurrence of severe complications in Clavien-Dindo≥ Ⅲ stage.Four and 1 patients in the 2D and 3D groups were complicated with bile leakage (in Ⅱ stage of Clavien-Dindo) and 1 and 1 were complicated with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (in]][stage of Clavien-Dindo),respectively,with no statistically significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Overall incidence of complications in the 2D and 3D groups were 16.7％ (5/30) and 10.3％ (3/29),with no statistically significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).All the patients were cured by conservative treatment.(3) Follow-up:59 patients were followed up for 5-36 months,with good recovery and without occurrence of reflux cholangitis,hepatic and intestinal anastomosis stenosis and reoperation.Conclusions 3D and 2D laparoscopic surgeries are safe and effective for Todani type Ⅰ choledochal cyst.Compared with 2D laparoscopic surgery,3D laparoscopic surgery can reduce the operation time and not increase the complications,and it should be discreetly promoted based on the experiences of surgeons.

Objective:To explore a simple and effective method of local hypothermia, and to testify its neuroprotective effects . Methods:This experiment adopts twelve adult and healthy New Zealand rabbits as experimental animals. These rabbits were randomly assigned to two groups : ① MCAO (n=6),② MCAO and hypothermia (n=6). The middle cerebral artery (MCA) was exposed through the left orbital approach, and was clipped 2 hours by a 3 mm straight aneurysm clip to establish the MCAO model. We assign 2 cavities ventricle tube to puncture the frontal angle of the lateral ventricle, then 22℃ physiological brine was dropped into the lateral ventricle to reduce the brain temperature in MCAO and hypothermia group. Temperature thermister probes were inserted for measuring the brain and rectal temperatures. The neurological deficits and histological changes of brain tissue were evaluated in all experimental animals.Results: Brain temperature below cortex was descend to 35℃within 20 minutes after hypothermia in MCAO and hypothermia group while rectal temperature has maintained normal. The neurological deficits and histological changes of brain tissue of MCAO and hypothermia group were better than those in MCAO group. Conclusion: The local intra-ventricle hypothermia model is a reliable, cooling rapidly and useful method for selective brain cooling.

Objective: To explore the effects of continuous trickle of low temperature liquids through the lateral ventricle on neural cell apoptosis after rabbit local cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Methods:The middle cerebral artery (MCA) of New Zealand rabbit was clipped by micro aneurysm clip for 2 hours and reperfused for 24 hours. Immediately after clipping the MCA, we trickled the left lateral ventricle continuously with low temperature liquids(22℃) to decrease the brain temperature to mild hypothermia (33℃-35℃)and maintained for 2 hours. After reperfusion for 24 hours , we assessed TUNEL method to determine the apoptotic cell rate in the sham-operated group, the control group and the mild hypothermia group respectively. Results:The apoptotic cell rate of the cortex tissues accommodated by MCA in the mild hypothermia group was obviously lower than that in the control group(P0.05). Conclusion:Trickling ventricle with low temperature liquids could decrease the apoptotic cell rate and alleviate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

BACKGROUND: Neuroprotective role of hypothermia on cerebral ischemic-reperfusional impairment has been long acknowledged. Since general hypothermia is complicated and unfit for observing postoperative consciousness and neurological function, it is of important significance to explore novel methods of focal cerebral hypothermia.OBJECTIVE: To study the neuroprotective effect of lateral ventricle infusion of low-temperature fluid on ischemic neurons of middle cerebral artery (MAC) occlusion models established on New Zealand rabbits.DESIGN: A randomized case-control study based on experimental animal models.SETTING: Neurosurgical department and pathological department of a general military hospital of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: This study was carried out at Neurosurgical Laboratory of Nanjing General Hospital, Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA. Altogether 18 healthy New Zealand male rabbits, weighing from 2. 8 to 3.2 kg, were selected 4 - 6 months after birth, and randomly divided into occlusion group, hypothermia group and control group.INTERVENTIONS: Cerebral focal ischemic-reperfusional model was established on the New Zealand rabbits through MCA occlusion for 2 hours followed by reperfusion for 24 hours.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Scores for neurological function, water content in the left and right brain, pathological changes of nerve cells in the left MCA supplying region.pothermia group, significantly higher than that in occlusion group(7.58 ± 0.58 )( P ＜ 0.01 ), but no significant difference could be observed in contrast with brain was(81.64 ± 0.82)% and (79.26 ± 1.30)% in occlusion and hypothermia groups with significant difference between them( P ＜ 0.05), and it was significantly different between the left side [ (81.64 ± 0. 82 )% ] and opyknosis and deep staining could be observed in nerve ganglion cells in occlusion group under optical microscope, but no obvious pathological changes were observed in MCA supplying brain regions in hypothermia group.CONCLUSION: Permanent infusion of low-temperature fluid into the lateral ventricle plays an important neuroprotective role by attenuating cerebral ischemic-reperfusional impairment and improving post-ischemic neurological functions.

Adolescent ; Alkanes ; poisoning ; Alkenes ; poisoning ; Daphne ; chemistry ; Humans ; Male

Administration, Oral ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peracetic Acid ; administration & dosage ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; diagnosis ; therapy

Objective To study the surgical treatment of pancreatolithiasis.Methods The clinical data of thirty-seven patients with pancreatolithiasis admitted to our hospital from 1994 to 2007 were reviewed.Results According to the results of imaging examination (BUS,CT,ERCP) and finding during surgery, pancreatolithiasis was classified into three types: TypeⅠ,the stones were mainly located in the head of pancreas, and Whipple procedure was the treatment of choice. TypeⅡ, the stones were mainly located in the body and tail of pancreas, and resection of the tail of pancreas alone or combined with splenectomy was the management of choice. TypeⅢ, the stones were diffusely scattered in the main duct from the head to tail of pancreas, and pancreatoduodenectomy,together with pancreatolithotomy and pancreatojejunostomy with wide anastomotic stoma was the choice of management. There was no mortality in this series. Within 2 weeks after treatment, symptoms ameliorated to different degrees in all the patients. Thirty one patients were followed up for 6 to 72 months, the results were satisfactory.Conclusions The individualized strategy, based on the type of stone location, is of great importance in the management of pancreatolithiasis. The key of surgical treatment of pancreatolithiasis is as follows: removal of pancreatoliths, excision of diseased pancreas, and adequate pancreatic drainage.

Objective The current study was designed to investigate the inhibitive effect of celastrol on the proliferation of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells. Methods The effect of celastrol on AML cells in vitro was examined by MTT assay and flow cytometry (FCM). Results After the AML primary cells were treated with different concentrations of celastrol, the results were analyzed by MTT. The growth of the cells were significantly inhibited compared with the control group (P ＜0.01). The results detected by FCM showed that the apoptosis was seen after treated with celastrol with different concentration for different times.The apoptotic rates were significantly higher than that in the control group with statistical significance (P＜ 0.01).Conclusion Celastrol could inhibit the proliferation of AML cells in vitro, which may be associated with inducing cell apoptosis.

Objectives:To explore the protective effects of continuous trickle of low temperature liquids through the lateral ventricle on neurons after rabbit local cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Methods: The middle cerebral artery (MCA) of New Zealand rabbit was clipped with micro aneurysm clip for 2 hours and reperfused for 24 hours. Immediately after clipping the MCA, we trickled the left lateral ventricle continuously with low temperature liquids to decrease the brain temperature to mild hypothermia(32-35℃) and maintained for 2 hours. After reperfusion for 24 hours, we assessed the animal's neural deficits, observe the pathology of the ischemic brain tissues dyed by HE and determined the dry wet ratio for brain edema in the sham operated group, the control group and the mild hypothermia group respectively.Results:①The grades of neural deficits in mild hypothermia group were obviously lower than that in the clipping group( P 0.05 );②The dry wet ratios were obviously different in the mild hypothermia group and clipping group;③ Pyknosis and dense dying by HE were observed in the neural nuclei of ischemic cortex tissues of the clipping group, but no obvious changes were observed in the mild hypothermia group. Conclusions:Trickling ventricle with low temperature liquids could alleviate cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury, ameliorated neural deficit after ischemia reperfusion and were protective on the brain.