Objective To study the changes of ventilatory function of young soldiers coming from different regions during cold - tol-erance training. Methods The recruited young soldiers were divided into 2 groups:Group Ⅰ (50 coming from the northern region)and group Ⅱ (50 coming from the southern region) . According to the new training outline of cold -tolerance in winter,their ventilatory func-tions were tested before training and 60 days after training. Ventilatory functions were compared between smoking and non - smoking sub-jects. Results 25% forced expiratory flow (FEF25%) , 50% forced expiratory flow (FEF50%) and 75% forced expiratory flow (FEF75 %) were significant different between two groups before the course of training (P < 0.05). After 60 days, ventilatory functions of two groups were improved significantly as compared with that before training (P <0.01 ,P <0.05). There was no significant difference in ventilatory between two groups after 60 days of training (P > 0.05). There was significant difference in partial small airway function be-tween smoking and non - smoking subjects. Conclusion Cold air could decline the small airway function of soldiers coming from south-ern region before training. Cold -tolerance training has significant influence on soldiers' ventilatory function. Long- term and heavy smok-ing could decline the small airway function.

Objective Analysis of the teaching effect of the micro-classroom in the experimental teaching of diagnostics.Methods In the 50 classes of undergraduate clinical specialty of 2014 level of guangdong medical mniversity,2 classes were selected as the control group (n=67) by random number table method,2 classes were selected as the experience group (n=65).Theoretical knowledge and clinical skills were calculated.Recognition of two groups of students on two kinds of teaching methods.The data of two groups were compared using t-test and chi-square test.Results The results of the theoretical knowledge and clinical skills of the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group (P< 0.05).There was a significant difference between the two groups (P< 0.05),which was found to be able to deepen the understanding of theoretical knowledge,to improve the ability of clinical skills operation,to cultivate clinical thinking and to mobilize the enthusiasm of independent learning.Conclusions Micro classroom teaching can significantly improve the quality of experimental training of diagnoses.

Objectives To explore the correlation between the heteroplasmy level of mt5178C＞A mutation in ND2 gene of mitochondria DNA and essential hypertension(EH)in middle-aged and elderly adults.Methods EH patients and normotensive controls were recruited consecutively from 2014-2015 from general population.Demographics,clinical characteristics and blood leukocytes were collected.The mt5178C＞A mutation heteroplasmy level was quantified by the rapid and sensitive realtime polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method for each participant.Results A total of 108 EH patients and 109 controls were recruited.The mt5178C＞A mutation heteroplasmy level was(42 ± 11％)in EH patients and (54± 13)％ in control subjects,with statistically significant difference between the two groups(P＜0.01).Using a two-step cluster analysis,the mt5178C＞A heteroplasmy level exceeding 44％ was associated with a decreased risk of EH(OR=0.18,95％,CI:0.10-0.31,P＜0.01).Correlation analysis showed mt5178C＞ A heteroplasmy level was significantly negatively correlated with both systolic blood pressure (r =-0.38,P＜ 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (r =-0.49,P＜ 0.01)in 109 controls.Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that in single-factor analysis,mt5178C ＞ A heteroplasmy level (OR =0.82,95 ％ CI:0.77 0.87,P ＜ 0.01) was protective factor for EH,however,BMI(OR=1.30,95％CI:1.12-1.45,P＜0.01),total cholesterol(OR=2.13,95％CI:1.39-3.28,P=0.00),triglyceride(OR=7.62,95％CI:3.45-16.84,P＜0.01)and blood urea nitrogen(OR =1.35,95 ％ CI,P =0.03) were risk factors for EH.And a multiple logistic regression analysis showed that mt5178C＞ A heteroplasmy level (OR =0.83,95 ％ CI:0.78-0.89,P＜ 0.01) was independent protective factor for E H,however,only total cholesterol (OR =2.17,95 ％ CI:1.58-2.98,P =0.02) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR =0.06,95％ CI:0.01-0.83,P =0.04) were independent risk factors for EH,and the P at critical 0.05 value.Conclusions Mitochondrial ND2 gene 5178C＞ A mutation heteroplasmy level exerts protective role against EH in middle-aged and elderly adults in Chinese population.

A survey on clinical knowledge of coronary artery disease (CAD) management in general practitioners (GPs) in Beijing was conducted from March to September,2013.The questionnaire contained 4 cases (stable angina pectoris,post-percutaneous coronary intervention,acute anterior myocardial infarction and acute inferior myocardial infarction) and related clinical questions.Five hundred questionnaires were distributed and 471 valid questionnaires were returned with a recovery rate of 94.2％.The correct rate was 87.3％ and 61.8％ for diagnosis and treatment of emergent events in acute anterior myocardial infarction; however,the correct rate for other knowledge was ranged between 23.4％ and 40.6％.The correct rate increased with the educational levels in 5/11 items(P ＜ 0.01)and increased with the professional titles(P ＜ 0.001)in 3/11 items,which was not associated with the attendance of training or frequency of training attendance.The results indicate that clinical knowledge of CAD management for GPs in Beijing should be improved and the training methods should be focused on the clinical capacity.

Objective:To review literature reports of varieties of ADRs induced by mebendazole to provide a sci- entific foundation for clinical revaluation of mebendazole.Method:The related literatures in the internal and external medi- cine medical database in 1994-2004 were explored,and then both analysis and statistics were conducted with the methods of epidemiolngy and literature analysis.Result:ADRs induced by mebendazole could be involved in multiple organs.Most victims were children and the elderly.Their latent periods were determined by the types of ADRs,which had a variety of forms.Conclusion:Mebendazole was potentially unsafe.So we should strengthen our rational drug use and post-marketing revaluation of safety.

Objective To explore the correlation between plantar pressure and walking function in hemiplegic stroke patients.Methods Thirty hemiplegic patients with stroke (a hemiplegic group) and thirty age-matched healthy persons (a control group) were recruited.Gait and balance function training and assessment system (model:AL-600) were used to quantify the walking velocity,peak plantar pressure at heel-strike and push-off periods and displacement of center of pressure (DCOP) of all subjects during walking.The asymmetry of gait was calculated.Two independent sample t-test were used to compare the walking velocity,peak plantar pressure and DCOP for the two groups.Pearson correlation coefficients were applied to analyze the correlation between the walking velocity and peak plantar pressure and DCOP.Results The walking velocity,the peak plantar pressure at heel-strike and push-off periods and DCOP of the hemiplegic group were significantly lower than the control group.In the hemiplegic group,the asymmetry of peak plantar pressure and DCOPx significantly increased,while that of DCOPy became bigger without significant difference.Moreover,the walking capacity of the hemiplegic group was positively correlated with the peak plantar pressure and DCOP.Conclusion Among hemiplegic stroke patients,both the peak plantar pressure at heel-strike and push-off periods lower in a way.Their capacity of weight transfer decreases,which is closely related to their walking velocity.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of extrahepatie recurrences after curative resection of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Clinicopathologic data of 238 curative resected cases of primary HCC were retrospectively reviewed for parameters affecting postoperative extrahepatic recurrences. Results During a median follow-up of 34 months (7 - 78 months), extrahepatic recurrences were observed in 32 out of 238 patients (13.4%). According to univariate analysis, the risk factors for extrahepatic recurrences were preoperative serum a-fetoprotein (AFP) level of > 1000 ng/ml,aspartate aminotransferase level of > 50 IU/L, presence of hepatic vein invasion, neighboring organ invasion, tumor satellites, and lack of tumor capsule formation. Preoperative serum AFP levels of > 1000 ng/ml, hepatic vein invasion, neighboring organ invasion proved to be independent risk factors by multivariate analysis. Conclusions Extrahepatic recurrences after curative resection of HCC was found to be related to preoperative serum AFP level of > 1000 ng/ml, hepatic vein invasion, and neighboring organ invasion.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of two intense pulsed light (IPL) devices for the treatment of facial photoaging.Methods A randomized split-face clinical trial was conducted,and 30 female subjects with facial photoaging were enrolled and randomized to receive treatment with Lumenis One on one half of the face and BBL on the other facial side,once every 3-5 weeks for 5 sessions.Each subject was followed up before the first treatment (the first interview),4 weeks after the third treatment (the second interview),4 weeks after the fifth treatment (the third interview) and 8 weeks after the fifth treatment (the fourth interview).During each follow-up period,global scores for photoaging (GSP) were used to evaluate the photoaging degree on the whole face,a 4-level grading method was applied to evaluate the improvement degree of 5 photoaging signs on each facial side,including wrinkles,skin texture,pigmented spots,telangiectasia and skin tightening,and the visual analogue scale (VAS) to assess pain induced by treatment.After the last treatment,self-assessment on the degree of satisfaction with therapeutic effects was conducted in subjects.Comparisons in the GSP and improvement scores between the two facial sides were conducted by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results A total of 26 subjects completed all the treatments and follow-up.Evaluation of the whole face showed that the GSP significantly decreased from 3.19 ± 0.75 before the first treatment to 2.15 ± 0.83 at 4 weeks after the third treatment (P ＜ 0.01).At 4 and 8 weeks after the fifth treatment,the GSP decreased to 1.85 ± 0.88 and 1.85 ± 0.97 respectively,and no significant difference was observed between the two GSPs (P ＞ 0.01).Evaluation of each facial side showed that improvement scores of skin texture,pigmented spots,telangiectasia and skin tightening on the two facial sides all increased at first and then decreased over the treatment time (Ftime =18.75,10.25,12.83,15.73,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05),and the improvement scores significantly increased at 4 weeks after the fifth treatment compared with those at 4 weeks after the third treatment (all P ＜ 0.017).There were no significant differences in the improvement scores of skin texture,telangiectasia and skin tightening between the third and the fourth interview,but the improvement score of pigmented spots decreased slightly at 8 weeks after the fifth treatment compared with that at 4 weeks after the fifth treatment (P ＜ 0.017).During the whole treatment period,no evident improvement was observed in wrinkles (Ftime =3.17,P ＞ 0.05),and improvement scores of 5 photoaging signs did not differ between the Lumenis One-treated side and BBL-treated side (all P ＞ 0.05).In addition,the VAS pain score was significantly lower in the BBL-treated side than that in the Lumenis One-treated side (4.62 ± 1.54 vs.5.80 ± 1.74,t =2.87,P ＜ 0.05).Most subjects were satisfied with the therapeutic effects (88.46％,23/26).Conclusion Both Lumenis One and BBL can be applied to treat facial photoaging safely and effectively,and improve signs of photoaging such as pigmented spots and skin texture,but the degree of pain on the BBL-treated side is milder than that on the Lumenis One-treated side.

Objective To establish a model of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in the elderly (MODSE) by intraperitoneal injection of different doses of zymosan, and to compare the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in adult and in the elderly rats. Methods Adult and senile rats, injected with different doses of zymosan intraperitoneally were examined for the changes in the function and morphology of the vital organs, including heart, liver, brain, lungs, and kidneys using blood gas and biochemistry analysis and histopathological examination methods. Results Compared with the normal controls of the adult and the elderly rats, the blood gas and blood biochemistry changed in different degrees in the different dosed zymosan groups. Pathological changes were also found in the vital organs including lungs, heart, liver, brain, kidneys, erc in the experimental groups. Under the same concentrations of zymosan, the reductions in respiratory, cardiac and renal functions in the senile groups were much more severe than those in the corresponding adult group. In the similar degree of model duplication, the senile rats had the tendency to die later than the adult rats. Conclusions Zymosan can be used in both elderly and adult rats to induce MODS model, and the best dosage for MODSE was 0.Sg/kg injected peritoneally. The model would hopefully be used in the study of mechanisms and the therapeutics on MODSE.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of MRI in reversible splenial lesion syndrome (RESLES) in children.Methods The clinical and MRI imaging data of 14 cases of RESLES in children were retrospectively reviewed.There were 4 males and 10 females,aging 11 to 35 months.Average age was (20±3) months.MRI studies were conducted in all the cases.Two experienced doctors analyzed independently the images and reached consensus.Results Fourteen cases showed the single abnormal signal in the splenial of corpus callosum on the initial cerebral MRI.Lesions in 10 of 14 cases appeared as isointensity on T1WI,hypo-intensity in 4 cases.Lesions in 14 cases were appeared as hyper-intensity on T2WI,hyper-/slightly hyper-intensity on FLAIR T2WI.The lesions were round,oval or irregular,with fuzzy boundary.DWI showed round or oval high signal with clear boundary.No edema around the lesion and no occupying effect were detected.After treatment,8 of 14 cases were reviewed after 7-14 d,and the abnormal signal in the corpus callosum disappeared in 5 cases,while the range was significantly reduced in 3 cases.MRI were reexamined after 1-2 months in 5 cases,and the lesions disappeared in the corpus callosum.One case didn't have MRI examination again after treatment and the clinical symptoms disappeared.Conclusions The clinical manifestations of RESLES in children are lack of specificity.And the cerebral MRI imaging is characterized by the reversible solitary lesion of the splenium,which can provide a reliable basis for clinical diagnosis and prognosis.