OBJECTIVE Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge contains various active constituents, some of which have been developed as commercially available medicine. Moreover, some other ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza play great roles in anti-platelet activity. The aim of the present study was to investi-gate the effects and the underlying mechanism of miltirone,a lipophilic compound of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. METHODS The ability of miltirone to modulate platelet function was investigated by a variety of in vitro and in vivo experiments.Platelet aggregation and dense granule secretion induced by various agonists were measured with platelet aggregometer.Clot retraction and spreading were imaged by digital camera and fl uorescence microscope. Ferric chloride-induced carotid injury model and pulmonary thromboembolism model were used to check miltirone effect in vivo. To elucidate the mechanisms of anti-platelet activity of miltirone,flow cytometry and Western blotting were performed. RESULTS Miltirone (2,4,8 μmol·L-1)was shown to suppress platelet aggregation,dense granule and α granule secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, miltirone inhibited the clot retraction and spreading of washed platelets.It reduced the phosphorylation of PLCγ2,PKC,Akt,GSK3β and ERK1/2 in the down-stream signal pathway of collagen receptor.It also reduced the phosphorylation of Src and FAK in the integrin αⅡbβ3 mediated"outside-in"signaling,while it did not suppress the phosphorylation of β3.In addition, miltirone prolonged the occlusion time and reduced collagen/epinephrine induced pulmonary thrombi. CONCLUSION Miltirone suppresses platelet "inside-out" and "outside-in" signaling by affecting PLCγ2/PKC/ERK1/2, PI3K/Akt and Src/FAK signaling. Therefore, miltirone might represent a potential anti-platelet candidate for the prevention of thrombotic disorders.

0.05). Conclusion:The rapid tooth movement is achieved impressively through dentoalveolar distraction osteogenesis, and tooth inclinations become largely associated with tooth movement.

Objective To investigate the effect of repeated psychological stress on central nerve dopamine system, and the effect of tyrosine intervention. Methods Rats were subjected to psychological stress by Communication Box model continuously for 14 days (30min/d), and fed with tyrosine in the dose of 250mg/kg, 500mg/kg or 1000mg/kg respectively. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and fos protein of the brain tissue in the ventral tegumental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (Nac) and mesoprefrontal cortex (mPFC) area were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results In the ventral tegumental area (VTA), 5.1mm posterior to anterior fontanel, TH positive neurons were obviously less in number in psychological stress group than that in control group (P

Objective To investigate the effect of psychological stress on the function of dopamine receptor in the central nervous system in rats and the intervention effect of tyrosine. Methods Rats were continuously subjected to psychological stress by communication box model 30min a day for 14 days. They were fed with tyrosine 250mg/kg, 500mg/kg, or 1000mg/kg, respectively. The maximal bonding capacity (Bmax) and the balance dissociation constant (Kd) of D1, D2 receptor of DA at the site of ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (Nac), mesoprefrontal cortex (mPFC) were determined by radioactive ligand bonding analysis. Results Bmax of the D1 receptors declined significantly in mPFC and Nac area of psychological stress treated group compared with that of control group (P

Adult ; Analgesia ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain, Postoperative ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; prevention & control

This study collected demographic data, past history, personal history, family history, dosage, solvent, combined medication information of adverse reaction cases from a prospective, multi center, large sample intensive hospital monitoring, and found the influencing factors with cross-tab analysis. The results showed that in the medication group of 19-45, patients with allergic histories had a higher proportion in ADR; in the medication group of 46-65, male patients with allergic histories had a higher proportion in ADR; indication and non-indication group, patients of 19-45 years old, with combined medications and allergy histories had a higher proportion in ADR; Non-indication medication group, patients with combined medication, higher concentration, out-instruction solvent and dosage, had a higher proportion in ADR. So, the ADRs of Shenfu injection were related to the history of drug allergy, and also related to the indication, dosage, solvent, concentration when it was used.
Adult ; Aged ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; etiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies

Detergents ; Immunohistochemistry ; instrumentation ; Oxalic Acid ; Potassium Permanganate ; Staining and Labeling ; instrumentation

Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Dexamethasone ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Exanthema ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Fever ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Premedication ; Taxoids ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use

Afferent Pathways ; anatomy & histology ; Animals ; Female ; Ganglia, Spinal ; anatomy & histology ; Neurons, Afferent ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urinary Bladder ; innervation

Multiple sclerosis ( MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system ( CNS) characterized by demyelination and inflammation lesions.MS predominantly affects young adults with a high incidence of disability. However, the exact pathogenesis of MS is still not clear.Studies found that microglia polarization tending to pro-inflammatory M1-like state during the onset of MS, causing the M1/M2 ratio imbalance, forming pro-inflammatory microenvironment state, and which further leading to nervous tissue damage ultimately.Microglia polarization may be considered as the initiator of pathologic alterations by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and secondarily trigger the initial microglia response.Given the pivotal role of imbalanced microglia polarization in MS initiation, a critical review of microglia polarization is presented here, in order to elucidate the pathogenesis of MS and highlight the noteworthy candidate therapeutic targets for clinic treatment.