BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is considered safe for diagnosis of meniscus injury,having accuracy as high as 80% to 100%.However,it is found that there are some false positive and false negative in the clinic.OBJECTIVE: Through assessment of menisci injuries of the knee using magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopy,to investigate MRI manifestation in different types of meniscal injuries.METHODS: A study from January 2003 to December 2008 was performed in 212 patients with knee injury undergoing preoperative MRI.Radiograph was read by physicians who had a senior professional title from radiology and orthopaedics departments,and meniscus damage and damage morphology were predicted.Arthroscopy was conducted by chief physician.Meniscus damage during surgery was considered as gold standards.The accuracy of them was compared.The statistics of accuracy of MRI diagnosis was gathered.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 212 patients and 230 knees were included,and a total of 215 knees of meniscus injury were described by MRI diagnosis and 213 knees of meniscus injury were proven by arthroscopy.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of MRI diagnosis of meniscus injury respectively were 93.5%,64.7%,93.0%.It is found that the sensitivity of MRI diagnosis of bucket-handle damage is high.MRI is easy to miss diagnosis in a light meniscus posterior horn tear,and resuts are more false positive in lateral meniscus injury.It needs arthroscope operation or further surgery in some condition such as gradeⅢ type injury,meniscus displacement after injury and articular capsule separation,which indicates instable meniscus.

Objective To investigate efficacy of citalopram on pathological crying after cerebral infarction.Methods 106 patients with pathological crying after cerebral infarction were randomly divided into two groups,treatment group(54 cases) and control group(52 cases).Control group received conventional treatment of cerebrovascular disease.Treatment group taken citalopraml0-20mg orally one time per day for three months based on conventional treatment.The total response rate,effectual time,and Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS) scores were compared between two groups after treatment.Results There were significant differences in total response rates (94.4％ and 38.5％,respectively),effectual time(1.98 ± 1.24 and 78 ± 17.95,respectively) and HDS(8.43 ±2.21 and 6.24 ±2.02,respectively) between treatment group and control group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The study suggests that it is effective to treat pathological crying with citalopram and its effect is quick.Citalopram can not only control patient’s pathological crying,but also improve cognitive function.

Holmium ; Humans ; Kidney ; Lithotripsy, Laser ; Shock, Hemorrhagic ; Ureteroscopy

ObjectiveTo evaluate the myocardium damage of myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) and the impact on regional left ventricular mechanics by imaging and pathology techniques.Methods Eleven open-chest animal models of Beagle were employed to collect the short-axis views of mitral annular,papillary muscle and apical level of three complete cardiac cycles using gray-scale imaging at the baseline and blank irradiation 5 min later(transmitting frequency 1.7/3.4 M Hz,mechanical index 1.0).After that,5 ml of SonoVue was gotten a shot by intravenous bolus injection,the heart was exposed by ultrasonic wave for 5 min continuously,and then the same images collected were at the point-in-time irradiation immediately,20 min,40 min and 60 min later.The short-axis circumferential strain and strain rate,radial strain and strain rate were measured and calculated by EchoPAC multi-parameter workstation,meanwhile including conventional of cardiac function.All the dogs were killed after the experiments and the myocardium was harvested for HE staining and observed with transmission electron microscope for the tissue microstructure.Results①Conventional parameters of cardiac function:there was no significant difference before and after MCE in the heart rate,blood pressure,ejection fraction,left ventricular end-systolic volume and end-diastolic volume,stroke volume,cardiac output,mitral flow spectrum prior to the E/A,tissue Doppler mitral annular e/a and E/e ( P ＞0.05).During the whole process of experiment,the dogs’ vital signs were stable.②Compared the segmental circumferential strain and strain rate,radial strain and strain rate between baseline and each treatment groups,these parameters had a trend of increase in most segments,but the difference was not statistically significant in most segments (P ＞0.05).③HE staining at the light microscope demonstrated a small amount of myocardial cell infiltration of inflammatory cells near the outer membrane (21.2％),and very few part of the muscle fibers dissolved and fractured (6.1％).④The section of transmission electron microscope showed all the structures were normal except that a small amount of endothelial cells were mild swelling,some red blood cells were leaked,some myofilaments were regional dissolved,the relevance ratio were 28.6 ％,42.9 ％ and 21.4 ％ respectively,and the abnormal area was less than 10％ of the entire field of vision.ConclusionsMCE has no significant impact for the global function of heart and the regional mechanical state,and furthermore there is no serious pathological damage on the myocardium.

Objective o evaluate the characteristics and treatments of the medial-extension type of posterior malleolar fractures.Methods Data of 75 patients with posterior malleolar fractures from May 2007 to December 2010were retrospectively analyzed.13 patients whose X-ray showed Cotton fracture while CT scan showed medial-extension type of posterior malleolar fractures were involved in this study.There were 8 males and 5 females,with an average age of 40.3 years old (range,15-75 years).The mechanisms of injuries were as follow:6 patients with falling injury,4 patients from motor vehicle accidents and 3 patients from severe sprain.All the patients combined with distal fibular fracture.The preoperative clinical manifestations included foot and ankle swelling,deformity and restricted movement.The fracture line could be found on coronary X-ray.10 of those patients had double lines sign in medial malleolus.According to Haraguchi CT scan classification system,8 patients were Type Ⅰ fractures (61.6％,8/13),3 with Type Ⅱ fractures (23％,3/13),and 2 with Type Ⅲ fractures (15.4％,2/13).Posterior medial incision,cannulared screws after reduction were conducted.Wound and fracture healing were recorded postoperatively.Function was evaluated according to Baird-Jackson criterion.Results All 13 cases had been followed up for 8-45 months (mean 16 months).Post-operation X-ray showed articular surface displacement was less than 1mm; widening of the medial ankle mortise was no more than lmm; anatomy reduction was achieved or approximately achieved.All cases got union and the union period was 12-20 weeks with an average of 15.1 weeks.The incisions were primary healed in all patients.According to Baird-Jackson criterion,10 cases were excellent and 3 were good.76.9％(10/13) patients got excellent results.No instrument failure,fracture displacement,and infection were found.All patients could walk without accessory appliance.Conclusion Most of medial-extension type of posterior malleolar fractures have articular cartilage damage.It may be caused by rotational force combined with axial load.It needs open reduction and internal fixation early.The posterior medial incision has certain superiority.

Carbon-nitrogen lyases (E.C.4.3) are a group of enzymes that release ammonia, amidine or amino group etc, and also show ability to form double bond or ring structure. Specifically, enzymes forming amino group are called amine-lyases (E.C.4.3.3), which are critical in the industrial production of many medicine intermediates. In this review is a summary of four major amine-lyases in terms of their source, enzymatic characteristics and their applications in preparation of pharmaceutical intermediates.

Tautomycin is one of well-known specific protein phosphatase inhibitors and exhibiting potent antifungal ability, especially to Sclerotinia sclerotiolum. This article reviews the recent research progress of tautomycin, focusing on its inhibition region and biosynthesis.

AlM: To introduce a new color pediatric visual acuity chart and its clinical application.
METHODS:The color pediatric visual acuity chart was designed based on principle of visual angle. The optotype on the color chart had graphics. The progression rate of optotype size between 2 lines was 10 10 and 1. 2589. A regular geometric progression of optotype sizes and distribution was employed to arrange 8 lines with 11 optotype on the color chart. The testing distance was 3m. The visual acuity score could be recorded as logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution notation or decimal notation. The reliability of naked distant measurements with this new chart was tested in one eye of 100 children (4 ~ 6 years old) taking the Chinese national standard logarithm visual acuity chart standard.
RESULTS: The color pediatric visual acuity chart and logarithmic chart controls, visual acuity test results that in the two groups had no significant difference (t=1. 2671, P> 0. 05 ). Two sets of vision data existed positive correlation (r= 0. 924, P<0. 01). Cooperation rate was 100%, the recognition rate was more than 90%.
CONCLUSlON:Children are easier to accept used new color pediatric visual acuity chart to inspect vision. New chart is reliability and apply to children's vision screening.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of domestic oseltamivir in patients with influenza. Methods A randomized, single-blinded, controlled clinical trial was performed.Patients in the study group received domestic oseltamivir, while the patients in control group received foreign oseltamivir. The doses were both 75 mg every time, twice a day. The treatment durations in both groups were 5 days. Chi square test was performed to compare baseline characteristics and the difference of side effects. Paired t test was used to compare the efficacy. Results Two hundred and nine patients were enrolled in this study (98 cases in study group. 111 cases in control group). The trend in body temperature change was similar in the two groups (t = 0. 061, P>0. 05). The score of symptom severity decreased more quickly in patients treated with foreign oseltamivir compared to those treated with domestic oseltamivir during the period from 24 h to 48 h. However, the difference between the two groups diminished gradually and was not statistically significant at 72 h (t=0. 875,P>0. 05). The safety of the domestic and foreign oseltamivir were comparable(X2 = 0. 197,P>0. 05). Conclusion The domestic oseltamivir is as effective and safe as the foreign oseltamivir.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the protective effect of alkaloids from Piper longum (PLA) in rat dopaminergic neuron injury of 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's disease and its possible mechanism.

METHODThe rat PD model was established by injecting 6-OHDA into the unilateral striatum with a brain solid positioner. The PD rats were divided into the PLA group (50 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)), the madorpa group (50 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) and the model group, with 15 rats in each group. All of the rats were orally given drugs once a day for 6 weeks. Meanwhile, other 15 rats were randomly selected as the sham operation group, and only injected with normal saline in the unilateral striatum. The behavioral changes were observed with the apomorphine (APO)-induced rotation and rotary rod tests. The number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells in rat substantia nigra and the density of TH-positive fibers in striatum were detected by tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry. The content of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in rat substantia nigra and striatum were measured by the spectrophotometric method.

RESULTAfter being induced by APO, PD rats showed obvious rotation behaviors, with decreased time stay on rotary rod and significant reduction in the number of TH-positive cells in sustantia nigra and the density of TH-positive fibers in striatum. The activities of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, the content of GSH and the total antioxidant capacity significantly decreased, whereas the activities of NOS and the content of MDA, NO significantly increased. PLA could significantly improve the behavioral abnormality of PD rats and increase the number of TH-positive cells in sustantia nigra and the density of TH-positive fibers in striatum. It could up-regulate the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, the content of GSH and the total antioxidant capacity, and decrease the content of NOS and the content of MDA, NO.

CONCLUSIONAlkaloids from P. longum shows the protective effect in substantia nigra cells of 6-OHDA-induced PD model rats. Its mechanism may be related with their antioxidant activity.

Administration, Oral ; Alkaloids ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Apomorphine ; pharmacology ; Catalase ; metabolism ; Dopamine Agonists ; pharmacology ; Dopaminergic Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Motor Activity ; drug effects ; Neostriatum ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; metabolism ; Oxidopamine ; Parkinson Disease, Secondary ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Piper ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Substantia Nigra ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ; metabolism