Objective To assess the value of diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)and susceptibility weighted imaging(SWI)in diagno-sis of acute diffuse axonal injury.Methods The imaging data of 45 cases with acute DAI diagnosed by clinical symptoms were ana-lyzed retrospectively.In all the images of T2 WI,FLAIR ,DTI and SWI we analyzed the characteristic of signal and distribution of all the lesions.The numbers of lesions found in each sequence group were statistically analyzed by chi-square test.Results 497 lesions of DAI we all found.265 lesions were found in FLAIR,the detection rate was 53.3%.313 lesions in DTI,the rate was 62.9%.448 lesions in SWI,the rate was 90.1%.The detection rate of DTI and SWI were significantly higher than FLAIR,they had significant difference(P <0.05).Conclusion DTI combined with SWI,we can find DAI lesions in acute phase more comprehensively.DTI di-mensional diffusion tensor imaging technique can help us visualize discontinuous fibers intuitively in DAI and confirm objectively the existence of DAI lesions.

Objective To investigate in knowledge rate of 120 first aid and satisfaction rate with emergency services among Nanchong citizens. Methods 360 patients who received prehospital first aid from three hospitals and their accompanies were selected from January to June 2010. The investigation content included knowledge rate of 120 first aid and satisfaction rate with emergency services. Results Results showed that about half of those surveyed still did not know the emergency phone"120" and its function, lacked self-help and self-protection knowledge, some respondents felt quite helpless upon daily life of electric shock, gas poisoning, coma and traumatic accidents. The attitude of the majority of emergency personnel was good or better, but still very stiff or irresponsible attitude existed in those few. This undermined the "120" and the image of credibility and emergency personnel. Conclusions There is an urgent need for universal coverage of on-site first aid knowledge and enhance awareness of first aid. Full-time staff in emergency department must pay close attention to the knowledge of first aid training, mastering the technique of bleeding control and bandaging, fixing, handling and CPR, as well as the use of instruments and equipment equipped in vehicles. Only in this way can we continuously improve the treatment of critically ill patients and increase survival rate.

Real-time free breathing cardiac cine imaging is a reproducible method with shorter acquisition time and without breath-hold for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. However, the detection of end-diastole and end-systole frames of real-time free breathing cardiac cine imaging for left ventricle function analysis is commonly completed by visual identification, which is time-consuming and laborious. In order to save processing time, we propose a method for semi-automatic identification of end-diastole and end-systole frames. The method fits respiratory motion signal and acquires the expiration phase, end-diastole and end-systole frames by cross correlation coefficient. The procedure successfully worked on ten healthy volunteers and validated by the analysis of left ventricle function compared to the standard breath-hold steady-state free precession cardiac cine imaging without any significant statistical differences. The results demonstrated that the present method could correctly detect end-diastole and end-systole frames. In the future, this technique may be used for rapid left ventricle function analysis in clinic.
Exhalation ; Heart Ventricles ; pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Respiration ; Ventricular Function, Left

OBJECTIVE To observe Staphylococcus aureus(SAU) infection at high altitude and plain after gunshot injury. METHODS Used 7.62mm bullets to injure posterior limbs of piglets with the same age.We got contusing tissues in different time after injury,to make bacteriologic examination,identify and make a statistic analysis of SAU. RESULTS The main infection was caused by SAU after gunshot injury in two regions.From contusing tissues in two regions,the rate of contamination caused by SAU in Chongqing and Lasa was 48% and 18%,respectively.The time of SAU colonization was 3 hours at high altitude,and less 3 hours at plain.The velocity of reproduction of SAU at high altitude for 12 hours was 5-6 passages,and at plain was 4-6 passages for 3-6h.The time of remaining relative steady state between tissues and germs was 48 hours at high aititude and 24 hours at plain.The difference of the number of SAU between two regions after injury 3-36 hours was significant,But after 36 hours the difference was unsignificant. CONCLUSIONS At high altitude region,SAU is the main germ that causes contamination after gunshot injury,the velocity of reproduction of SAU is slower than that at plain,the time of infection is delayed obviously.

Objective:To report the diagnosis and surgical treatment of a special type of Maisonneuve injury.Methods:A total of 4 patients were treated at Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital from January 2015 to July 2019 for Maisonneuve injury. They were 3 males and one female, aged from 34 to 61 years (average, 45.3 years). All injuries were closed, initially manifested as posterior dislocation of the ankle on X-ray films and X-ray and CT re-exams after manual reduction showed fine reduction with no obvious fracture of the ankle joint. Consequently the diagnosis of their Maisonneuve injury was missed in emergency visits, but re-exams in outpatient visits showed separation of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis. All the patients were treated by restoration of the fibular length, fixation of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and repair of the triangular ligament. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score was used to evaluate functional recovery of the ankle joint at 12 months after operation.Results:All the 4 patients were followed up for 12 to 14 months (average, 12.7 months). The fractures united after 110 to 185 days (average, 149.3 days). No post-operative complications like infection, delayed union or nonunion were observed. The AOFAS score at 12 months ranged from 82 to 96 points (average, 90.5 points), giving 3 excellent and one good cases.Conclusions:The Maisonneuve injury which is clinically manifested as posterior dislocation of the ankle with no obvious fracture of the ankle joint is likely to be missed in clinical diagnosis. Therefore, X-ray exam of the full length tibia and fibula should be taken in physical examination after reduction for the patients with simple posterior dislocation of the ankle. Once the special type of Maisonneuve injury is diagnosed, surgical treatment is indicated. Satisfactory treatment efficacy can be achieved by fixation of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and repair of the triangular ligament.

Objective To investigate the roles of endoscopic biopsy and third ventriculostomy in the diagnosis and treatment of pineal region tumors in children. Methods Endoscopic biopsy and third ventriculostomy were performed in 9 pediatric patients with pineal region tumors. Results Successful third ventriculostomy, confirmed by MRI, was performed in 9 cases of children with obstructive hydrocephalus. No complications were found in all patients. Conclusion Endoscopic biopsy and third ventriculostomy are effective neuroendoscopic procedures in minimally invasive preferential management of pineal region tumors.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness before and after the adjustment of schistosomiasis control strategies in Nanjing City, so as to provide the evidence for improving schistosomiasis control interventions. Methods: The prevalence of Schistosomasis japonicum infections in humans, livestock, Oncomelania hupensis and sentinel mice was collected in Nanjing City from 1993 to 2018, and the prevalence of S. japonicum infections in humans, livestock, sentinel mice and O. hupensis, and the areas of snail habitats, areas of infected snail habitats and snail control areas were compared before (1993-2004) and after (2005-2018) the adjustment of schistosomiasis control strategies to evaluate the effectiveness. Results: The prevalence of S. japonicum infections in humans, livestock, O. hupensis and sentinel mice was 0.77% and 0.02% (χ2=6 430.634, P<0.001), 0.46% and 0.01% (χ2=344.401, P<0.001), 0.19% and 0.11% (χ2=239.685, P<0.001), and 34.35% and 1.56% (χ2=1 856.286, P<0.001) in Nanjing City before and after the adjustment of schistosomiasis control strategies, respectively. The median areas (interquartile range) of snail habitats, infected snail habitats and snail control were 4 175.37 (1 301.65) and 2 366.44 (885.27) hm2 (Z=-3.755, P<0.001), 870.49 (1 001.75) and 0 (158.89) hm2 (Z=-3.654, P<0.001) and 1 383.23 (793.57) and 5 031.94 (629.11) hm2 (Z=-4.320, P<0.001) in Nanjing City before and after the adjustment of schistosomiasis control strategies, respectively. Conclusions After the adjustment of schistosomiasis control strategies, remarkable effects on schistosomiasis control has achieved in Nanjing City, where the transmission of schistosomiasis was interrupted. Nevertheless, the strategy requires to be continued and improved to move towards elimination of schistosomiasis in Nanjing City.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare total flavonoids of Hippophae rhamnoides(TFH)-PVP K30 solid dispersion,and to char-acterize and study its in vitro dissolution. METHODS:Solvent method was used to prepare TFH-PVP K30 solid dispersion with dif-ferent drug-loading ratio of 1:1,1:2,1:3,1:4,1:5;single factor test was designed to screen drug-loading ratio using dissolution parameter Td as index;orthogonal test was designed to optimize ultrasonic time,temperature of water bath and drying time for prep-aration technology using in vitro dissolution rate as index,and then validated. SEM,DSC and FT-IR were used to characterize sol-id dispersion. RESULTS:Td of TFH-PVP K30 solid dispersion was the lowest when drug-loading ratio was 1:3. Optimal technolo-gy was ultrasonic time 10 min,temperature of water bath 60 ℃ and drying time 12 h. 90 min accumulative dissolution rate of pre-pared TFH-PVP K30 solid dispersion was 90.22% in average(RSD=1.74%,n=3). The results of SEM,DSC and FT-IR showed that the drug as amorphous form dispersed in the PVP K30,the formation of hydrogen bond of the both. CONCLUSIONS:TFH-PVP K30 solid dispersion is prepared successfully,and in vitro dissolution rate of it is improved significantly.