Cardiovascular Diseases ; Humans ; Risk Factors

Objective To establish and verify the prediction model for ischemic cardiovascular disease(ICVD)among the elderly population who were under the current health care programs. Methods Statistical analysis on data from physical examination, hospitalization of the past years, from questionnaire and telephone interview was carried out in May, 2003. Data was from was randomly selected to generate both module group and verification group. Baseline data was induced to make the verification group into regression model of module group and to generate the predictive value. Distinguished ability with area under ROC curve and the predictive veracity were verified through comparing the predictive incidence rate and actual incidence rate of every deciles group by Hosmer- Lemeshow test. Predictive veracity of the prediction model at population level was verified through comparing the predictive 6-year incidence rates of ICVD with actual 6-year accumulative incidence rates of ICVD with error rate calculated. Results The samples included 2271 males over the age of 65 with 1817 people for modeling population and 454 for verified population.All of the samples were stratified into two layers to establish hierarchical Cox proportional hazard regression model, including one advanced age group(greater than or equal to 75 years old), and another elderly group(less than 75 years old). Data from the statically analysis showed that the risk factors in aged group were age, systolic blood pressure, serum creatinine level, fasting blood glucose level, while protective factor was high density lipoprotein; in advanced age group, the risk factors were body weight index, systolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol level, serum creatinine level, fasting blood glucose level, while protective factor was HDL-C. The area under the ROC curve (AUC)and 95%CI were 0.723 and 0.687-0.759 respectively. Discriminating power was good. All individual predictive ICVD cumulative incidence and actual incidence were analyzed using Hosmer-Lemshow test, x 2=1.43, P=0.786, showing that the predictive veracity was good.Conclusion The stratified Cox Hazards Regression model was used to establish prediction model of the aged male population under a certain health care program. The common prediction factor of the two age groups were: systolic blood pressure, serum creatinine level, asting blood glucose level and HDL-C. Thc area under the ROWC curve of the verification group was 0.723, showing that the distinguished ability was good and the predict ability at the individual level and at the group level were also satisfactory. It was feasible to using Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Model for predicting the population groups.

Objective To investigate the 6-year accumulative incidence rate of ischemic cardiovascular disease (ICVD) and its related risk factors. Methods Baseline population was all from an elderly population with members all born before 1-1,1938 and under health care programm.Data was recorded in a database of a hospital and baseline of subjects under research was aged ＞65years. People that had had ICVD at baseline were excluded. Risk factors under research would include: age at the baseline study, gender, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol level, serum triglyceride level, serum high-density lipoprotein level, serum triglyceride level, serum apolipoprotein A1 level, history of diabetes mellitus and cigarette smoking etc. Single factor analysis was carried out using person-years as time of study, then calculating the person-year incidence and the accumulative incidence rate at different levels related to baseline risk factors.Multivariate analysis was under Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Model. Results Baseline population included 2271 elderly men, with the 6-year cumulative prevalence rate of ICVD as 23.56%, and the person-year prevalence rate was 45.41‰. Single factor analysis showed that the ICVD events positively related to variables which including systolic blood pressure, body mass index,serum cholesterol level and serum triglyceride level, serum apolipoprotein A1 level, status of diabetes mellitus and cigarette smoking. The ICVD events negatively related to variables as serum high-density lipoprotein levcl and serum creatinine level. Results of multivariate analysis showed that high systolic pressure, diabetes mellitus, serum creatinine level, Body Mass Index were the main risk factors. The serum high-density lipoprotein level served as the main protective factor. Conclusion The aged male population under health care programme was high in the ICVD prevalence rate, suggesting that programmes as controlling blood pressure, blood glucose, and increasing serum high-density lipoprotein levels were effective measures to decrease the ICVD events.

A new experiment curriculum system of environmental microbiology was established centering on applied microbiology in environmental protection field and emphasizing on design and research experi- ments to motivate the students’ interests for the course, which helped them to improve their ability of think- ing independently and creatively as well as their practicing ability.

The stability of microbial flocculant (MBF) produced by Aspergillus sojae and its application to municipal thickened sludge dewatering were studied. The results showed that the MBF had high heat and acid-base endurance with high flocculating activity in a wide range of pH from 1.5 to 12. The MBF retained 96% of flocculating activity after 35 days preservation at 4℃, but in different pH the flocculating activity difference was very apparent after 35 days store at room temperature. The experimental results also demon- strated that the MBF was better than PAM and PAC in reducing specific resistance filtration. The optimal dose of MBF used for intensifying thickened sludge dewatering is 7%(volume fraction). And the more the volume of sludge is treated, the less the cost of MBF for unit volume sludge treatment.

The chemical structures of P1 A was identified by complete acid hydrolysis, partial acid hydrolysis, periodate oxidation-Smith degradation, methylation analysis, IR and NMR. The results showed that P1 A had a backbone consisting rhamnose, mannose, glucose and galactose. The side chain possessed arabinose and xylose. 1-->, 1-->6 and non-reducing terminal linkages existed in polysaccharide P1A, but there are doubling amount of 1-->2 and 1-->4 linkages. Oxidable linkage of P1 A accounted for 45%, and inoxidable linkage of P1A accounted for 55%. Mannose, glucose and galactose were mainly linked by 1-->2 linkage. Rhamnose, arabinose and xylose were mainly linked by 1-->2 and 1-->4 linkages. PlA contained beta-Glc(1,6)-,beta-Gal(1,3)-,beta-Man(1,4)-beta-Rha,-Glc(1,4)-, Glc(1)-,-Gal(1,4)- and Man(1)-.
Acanthaceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Molecular Weight ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry

Objective To evaluate the value of adenosine tissue Doppler stress eehoeardiography on ischemic myocardium.Methods Routine dosage (140 μg· kg-1 · min-1 IV for 6 min) adenosine stress echocardiography was performed on 40 patients with chest pain for diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD).The images of left ventricular myocardial motion were acquired by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI)based on traditional 2D stress ochocardiography before and 3 min,6 rain after adenosine stress (GE Vivid 7,USA).The myocardial velocity,strain and strain rate in 16 segments were offline measured and analyzed on ECHOPAC software.The results were compared with that of coronary angiography (CAG).Results CAG identified 18 CAD and 22 non-CAD patients with 159 ischemie segments and 465 non-ischemic segments.Adenosine significantly increased the systolic velocity (Sm),early diastolic velocity (Em),late diastolic velocity (Am),peak systolic strain (Smax),systolic strain rate (SRs),early diastolic strain rate (SRe)and late diastolic strain rate (SRa) both iachemic and non-ischemic segments (all P＜0.05).The baseline Sm and Em in isehemic segments were significant lower than non-ischemic segments [(3.16±1.20) cm/svs (4.03+1.27) cm/s,P＜0.01;(3.75±1.67) cm/s vs (4.66±1.70) orals,P＜0.05].At peak stress the differences in Sm and Em were mere significant [(3.98±1.63) cm/s vs (5.07±1.52) cm/s;(4.51±2.32) cm/s vs (6.52±2.56) cm/s;P＜0.01].The reductions on Smax and Se were more significant in isehemic segments compared those in non-isehemic segments (16.91% ±3.35% vs 19.56%±5.47%,P＜0.01 and 9.53%±2.89% vs 13.06% ±4.63%,P＜0.001).The biggest area under curve (AUG) in peak stress was seen in Se by ROC curve analysis (AUG=0.740,with sensitivity 67%and specificity 83%).Conclusion Parameters derived from TDI offer reliable and accurate information on ischemic myocardium during adenosine stress echocardiography.

Objective:To investigate the role of conjunctival impression cytology in the diagnosis of Sj?gren's syndrome (SS) and the immunological factors influencing conjunctival lesions.Methods:A total of 57 patients complaining about dry eye were collected, including 38 patients with primary Sj?gren's syndrome (pSS) and 19 patients with non-SS. Conjunctival impression cytology tests were performed for all patients, and they were scored by the Nelson method. Thirty-one patients with SS underwent serological tests such as autoantibodies, immunoglobulins, and complement. The correlation between the relevant data was compared using the t test and the rank sum test. Results:The Nelson grade ≥2 is the positive cut-off value for the diagnosis of SS. The sensitivity was 68.4%, and the specificity was 89.5%, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was 0.767. In patients with SS, there was statistical correlation between the results of conjunctival impression cytology and antinuclear antibody (ANA) ( χ2=4.664, P=0.031), anti-SSA antibody ( χ2=8.58, P<0.01), anti-SSB antibody ( χ2=6.13, P=0.013), anti-SSA-52 antibody ( χ2=6.48, P=0.011), immunoglobulin (Ig)G ( t=-4.344, P<0.01) and rheumatoid factor (RF) ( U=25.0, P<0.01). Conclusion:Con-junctival impression cytology has certain value in the diagnosis of SS and can be used to evaluate conjunctival lesions in SS. Serum ANA, anti-SSA antibody, anti-SSB antibody, anti-SSA-52 antibody, IgG, and RF levels are significantly associated with the degree of conjunctival lesions, and can be considered as an indirect evidence of conjunctival involvement in SS.

Objective:To investigate the radiological presentations in relation to different ages in scoliosis associated with Chiari malformation typeⅠ(CMI).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 80 patients diagnosed with scoliosis associated with CMI from June 2010 to June 2018, who were classified into three groups according to their age: Children(age≤10 years), Adolescents (age 11-18 years) and Adults (age≥19 years). Curves were classified into typical and atypical patterns in the coronal plane. The coronal and sagittal radiographical parameters were measured in the three groups. Moreover, cerebellar tonsillar descent and syringomyelia patterns were measured on MRI, and the parameters among the three groups were compared statistically.Results:The incidence of atypical curve patterns in Children (10 patients), Adolescents (44 patients) and Adults (26 patients) was 30.0%, 15.9%, and 50.0%, respectively (χ 2=2.654, P=0.265). There was no statistical difference in the distribution of curve patterns among CMI patients with different age. In the coronal profile, Cobb angle ( F=16.751, P<0.001) and flexibility ( F=3.285, P=0.044) of main curve, Cobb angle of secondary curve ( F=9.805, P<0.001) and coronal balance(CB) ( F=5.249, P=0.007) showed statistical difference. The elderly patients tended to have larger Cobb angle of main and secondary curve with worse flexibility of main curve, and CB in Adolescents was better than the other two groups. In the sagittal profile, TK ( F=4.324, P=0.017), LL ( F=4.590, P=0.013), PI ( F=5.501, P=0.006), and PT ( F=3.220, P=0.045) showed statistical difference in the three groups, which were increasing significantly with aging. MRI parameters showed that younger patients were more likely to have a higher degree of cerebellar tonsillar descent (χ 2=18.479, P<0.001) and distended syringomyelia (χ 2=23.074, P=0.003). Conclusion:With aging, Cobb angle of main curve is progressive, and the flexibility is worse, suggesting that early surgical intervention should be performed to reduce the risk of surgery. In addition, cerebellar tonsillar descent and syringomyelia in elderly patients are milder than young patients, indicating that there might be spontaneous remission.

Objective To develop the method of 16S rRNA gene clone library for tick bacterial flora analysis, and to analyze the detection effective of pathogens in tick and capacity of bacterial flora diversity. Methods Primers were designed according to the specific gene of Borrelia burgdorferi, Bartonella henselae, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia chaffeensis and templates were choosen by positive PCR result to amplify the DNA extracted from the ticks. One set of primers targeting 16S rRNA gene conserved region were chosen to amplify certain fragments, DNA extraction, PCR reaction, cloning and sequencing. Nucleotide sequences were compared with GenBank database. Calculated Coverage values of clone library and Shannon-Wiener diversity index. Results Sixteen defined genus-or species-bacteria were detected in 103 valid sequences. Eight species were edge type (Clone No. > 5). Three kinds of pathogens were identified (Borrelia burgdorferi, Bartonella henselae and Rickettsia sp). Three kinds of pathogens were not edge type(Clone No. < 5). Coverage value was 96.11%, and Shannon-Wiener index was 2.40. Analysis results of cloning sequence showed that tick-parasitic bacteria mainly were α and γ deformation mycetes which accounted for 56.25% (9/16). Conclusions The 16S rRNA gene sequences technology could make relative quantitative of bacterial flora, and detect many kinds of pathogens in tick. It's a good method for detection of pathogens and bacterial flora analysis.