Objective To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen on learning and memory ability in rats with a model of VPA autism and on the pyramidal cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus.Methods An animal model of autism was established in the offspring of Wistar rats which had received a single intraperitoneal injection of sodium valproate at the 12.5th day of pregnancy.A total of 48 male VPA autism model rats were randomly divided into the hyperbaric oxygen group,a high pressure air group,a normal pressure high oxygen group and a normal pressure air group (each group with 12 rats).A normal control group was obtained by injecting physiological saline.The autism model rats of the hyperbaric oxygen group were treated with high pressure oxygen in an animal experiment cabin which was cleaned with pure oxygen for 10 min,pressurized for 15 min,held at 2.0 atmospheres absolute (ATA) for 45 min and then had the pressure relieved over 15 min.For the high pressure air group the cabin was pressurized with air for 15 min,held at 2.0 ATA for 45 min and the pressure was relieved over 15 min.For the normal pressure,high oxygen group the cabin was cleaned for 10 min with pure oxygen,then pure oxygen was supplied for 1 hour with the cabin door open.The normal pressure air group rats were placed in the open cabin with no pressure or additional oxygen.The testing lasted 7 days for 1 hour per day.The normal control group rats were placed in ordinary cages.Learning and memory were evaluated using the Y electric maze test before and after the interventions.Any changes in the pyramidal cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus were observed after hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining.Results The average number of tries of the hyperbaric oxygen group after treatment was significantly less than before treatment and memory retention times were increased.The number was also less in the normobaric hyperoxia group and memory retention times again improved.The number of apoptotic cells was reduced and the number of normal form cells in the CA1 region increased after the hyperbaric oxygen intervention.Conclusions The learning and memory abilities of the autistic rats improved after the hyperbaric oxygen intervention.Pyramidal cells in the CA1 region proliferated and the number of apoptotic cell decreased.This may be the mechanism by which hyperbaric oxygen intervention treats autism.

Objective To study the antitumor components from an actinomycete strain(N2010-37)of bottom mud in Zhanjiang Mangrove,South China Sea.Methods The components were isolated and purified by chromatographic techniques and recrystallization,and the structures were identified by spectral methods together with physicochemical analyses.The antitumor effects of these components were tested in vitro by MTT method.Results Three compounds were identified including two anthrones and one novel lactone.They are(3S,4R,7R,8R,9S)-3,8-dihydroxy-4,7,9-trimethyl-2,6-cyclononanediolacetone(1),2-hydroxy-l-methoxy-3-methylanthraquinone(2),and 1,6,8-thihydroxy-3-methyl-anthraquinone(3).Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound,and compounds 1 and 3 show the favorablecytotoxic activities against human chronic granulocytic leukemia cell line K562 strain by MTT method in vitro.

Objective To observe the impairment of different doses of cyclosporine A (CsA) to the rat myocardial tissue to offer scientific evidence for the long-term safe application of CsA in heart transplantation. Methods Eighty-four female Wistar rats, each weighing of (200 ± 25)g, were randomly divided into 12 groups. On days 7,14,21 after a constant peritoneal injection of CsA(0,5,10,15 mg/kg) and 1 ml physiological saline in control group, the rats were put to death, the rat myocardial tissue taken, to observe the pathologic and structural changes of the tissue cells under light microscope and electron microscope. The contents of rat myocardium tissue malondialdehyde(MDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were measured;cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected and accounted, apoptosis index(AI) was measured with the method of TUNEL. Results Small dose of CsA(5 mg/kg)had no obvious effects on cardiac tissue, in CsA groups of 10 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg, under the light microscope, there appeared edema, degeneration and necrosis of myocardium, part of cardiac myocyte had different level cavity;under the electron microscope, there appeared mitochondria damage, nucleus shrinkage and chromatic margination, part of cardiac myocyte had focus cavity. There was dilated endoplasic reticulum in the sarcoplasm. The effects of different time and dose on MDA content of rat myocardium tissue had statistical significance (F = 6.37,10.15, both P < 0.05). Interaction between time and dose existed statistical significance (F=7.14, P< 0.05). The MDA contents of CsA group of 10 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg were [(2.29 ± 0.18), (3.10 ± 0.45), (2.57± 0.37)nmol/L] and [(3.09±0.63), (3.32 ±0.52), (3.34 ± 0.29)nmol/L] on days 7,14,21 after a constant peritoneal injection of CsA, which were obviously higher than the control group [(1.98 ± 0.20), (2.04 ± 0.52), (1.99 ± 0.26) nmol/L, all P < 0.05], respectively. The effects of different time and dose on SOD activity of rat myocardium tissue had statistical significance(F = 8.43,11.69, both P < 0.05). Interaction between time and dose existed statistical significance(F = 9.86, P < 0.05). The SOD activity of CsA groups of 10 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg were (15.95 ± 1.00), (12.74 ± 1.31), (14.01 ± 0.81)nmol/L and (13.04 ± 1.01), (14.68 ± 0.81), (14.01 ± 0.63)nmol/L on days 7,14,21 after a constant peritoneal injection of CsA, which were obviously higher than the control group [(10.38 ± 0.80), (9.73 ± 0.58), (10.20 ± 0.26)nmol/L, all P < 0.05], respectively. Apoptosis nucleus appeared huffy or brown under the light microscope. The effects of different time and dose on AI of rat myocardium tissue had statistical significance (F = 10.02,20.46, both P < 0.05). Interaction between time and dose existed statistical significance (F = 15.73,P < 0.05). The AI of CsA groups of 10 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg were (6.91 ± 0.70)%, (11.10 ± 2.05)%,(19.81 ± 5.00)% and (11.02 ±2.02)%,(15.51 ± 1.31)%,(33.40±6.60)% on days 7,14,21 after a constant peritoneal injection of CsA, which were obviously higher than the control group [(4.40 ± 0.13)%, (4.60± 1.20)%, (5.20 ± 1.10), all P < 0.05] and CsA group of 5 mg/kg [(4.60 ± 0.10)%, (5.00±2.11)%, (5.43± 1.11)%, all P < 0.05], respectively. Conclusion Small dose of CsA has no obvious effects on cardiac tissue, but large dosage can induce myocyte apoptosis and damage by causing oxidative stress;after implantation, attention should be paid to cardiac impairment due to constant large dosage of CsA.

0.05).The serum PICP of tubercular meningitis children after 4 neeks glucocorticoid therapy (108.85?46.13) ?g/L was significantly lower than that in control group((154.38)?47.98) ?g/L and glucocorticoid- pretreatment (152.99?44.78) ?g/L (P

This study left flavonoids and alkaloids Chinese herbal monomer with common parent nucleus as cream base carriages drug respectively, cream base were prepared with stable span 60-tween 80 emulsification system. The near-infrared stability analysis technology was performed to quantitatively characterize the physical stability of cream. Base on the theory of gel network structure, theory of emulsification, theory of solubility parameter and theory of double layer, the influence mechanism of Chinese herbal monomer on physical stability of cream was discussed. The results showed that tetrahydropalmatine, matrine and naringenin had similar solubility parameter value with cream base material, creams prepared with those Chinese herbal monomer have higher Zeta potential value and stronger physical stability, and that those creams had similar microstructure information with cream base. However, a larger solubility parameter difference exists between baicalin, baicalein, berberine, palmatine and cream base material. Creams prepared with those Chinese herbal monomers had lower Zeta potential value and poorer physical stability, and that those creams had great different microstructure information with cream base.
Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Emulsions ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Skin Cream ; chemistry ; Solubility

Objective To investigate fracture resistance and fracture patterns of maxillary anterior endodontically treated teeth restored with two different shapes of glass fiber post systems.Methods Twenty-four human sound maxillary anterior teeth of similar size were collected,and randomly divided into 3 groups,8 teeth each.After endodontical treatment,they were given the following treatments:Group A:parallel glass fiber posts (coltene parapost fiber lux) and composite core;Group B:taper glass fiber posts (coltene parapost taper lux) and composite core; Group C (control group):intact endodontically treated teeth.Teeth in Groups A and B reserved 2 mm dentin ferrule.Then the teeth were prepared and restored with IPS e.max Press all ceramic crowns.All the teeth were embedded in acrylic resin 2 mm below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ),with the silicon impression material stimulating periodontal membrane.All the specimen were loaded under a universal testing machine,at the palatal junction of incisor third and middle third,with an angle of 135 degree to the longitudinal axis of the tooth until fracture occurred,at a cross-head speed of 1.0 mm/min.Fracture loads and patterns were recorded.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.Results The mean fracture loads in the three groups were as follows:(468.8±142.5) N,(440.2±202.7) N,and (459.0±147.6) N,respectively.There was no significant difference in fracture loads among groups (P＞0.05).The incidence of unfavorable fracture in Group A was higher than Groups B and C.Conclusions There is no significant difference in fracture strength between parallel and taper fiber post groups.However,the group with parallel fiber posts demonstrates a higher risk of unfavorable fracture than the group with taper fiber posts,which indicates that taper fiber posts are more favorable to preserve the remaining tooth structure.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between concentration levels of fasting serum glucose and liver cirrhosis.

METHODSA nested case-control study was carried out based on the sample cohort from the Nutrition Intervention Trials previously conducted in one country in Henan province. Using an automatic biochemical analysis system and enzyme-linked immunoassay, baseline serum samples from 310 liver cirrhosis patients and 620 healthy controls were tested for fasting glucose concentration, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc), and hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV). Baseline demographic information was collected by questionnaire. The serum glucose values were divided into quintiles and applied to a logistic regression model to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).

RESULTSThe mean fasting blood glucose level was significantly higher in cases (4.5+/-1.8 mmol/L) than in controls (4.2+/-2.1 mmol/L) (t=-2.414, P=0.016). The individuals in the highest quintile had a significantly higher risk of disease than those in the lowest quintile [OR=1.672 (1.080, 2.588)]. Moreover, increase in glucose level was accompanied by increased risk, and the relation showed statistically significant linearity (P=0.002). The statistical significance of risk remained after adjustment for potential confounders, including sex, age, HBsAg, anti-HBc, and residence running water status [OR=1.96 (1.216, 3.157), P=0.001].

CONCLUSIONElevated serum fasting glucose concentration was an independent risk factor of cirrhosis.

Adult ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; blood ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo study the metastasis-associated molecules differentially expressed in highly and poorly metastatic sublines and the mechanism of metastasis in lung giant cell carcinoma.

METHODSHighly and poorly metastatic sublines (PLA801D and PLA801C)were used as metastasis model. Cell motility and invasion assay in vitro were first compared between the two sublines. Then, gelatin zymography analysis was used to determine the MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. The protein expression level of secreted MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and intracellular expression level of p53, p16, PCNA, CD44(V6) isomeride, E-cadherin, CK18, nm23-H1 as well as the mRNA expression level of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, VEGF were compared through Western blot. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis was used to determine the intracellular mRNA expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and VEGF.

RESULTSThe in vitro cell invasion potential of highly metastatic subline PLA801D was significantly higher than that of poorly metastatic subline PLA801C by about 4 folds, while the cell motility potential was similar. The secreted MMP-2 activity was notably higher in PLA801D, which was initiated by the higher expression of MMP-2 at protein and mRNA level. In addition, the expression level of p53, PCNA, CK18 protein and VEGF mRNA were significantly higher, while the expression level of p16, E-cadherin and nm23-H1 protein were significantly lower in PLA801D. Some molecules such as MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, CD44(V6) isomeride, which had been reported to be associated with tumor metastasis, were not observed to change significantly between the two sublines.

CONCLUSIONThere are significant differences in metastatic potential and phenotypes between highly and poorly metastatic sublines of lung giant cell carcinoma. Some differentially expressed molecules might be playing roles in promoting or inhibiting metastasis of lung giant cell carcinoma, which may be useful to elucidate the mechanism of metastasis.

Carcinoma, Giant Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Interleukin-8 ; genetics ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; analysis ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics

Objective:To identify the characteristics and risk factors of the refractures after percuta-neous kyphoplasty ( PKP) and percutaneous vertebroplasty ( PVP) .Methods:A retrospective analysis of 148 patients who had undergone PKP or PVP between March 2006 and October 2013 inPeking University People’ s Hospital was conducted.In the study, 29 patients with 42 refractured vertebra and 119 patients without refracture were included.All the patients were observed for a time of (34.4 ±26.8) months. Clinical, imaging and procedure related factors ( gender, age, height, weight, body mass index, the level of the injured vertebra, the time interval between the procedure and the refracture, the level of the refractured vertebra, the bone cement volume injected, performed PKP or PVP,performed unilateral or bilateral, the percentage of anterior vertebral height restoration, the correction of the Cobb angle, cement diffusion, bone mineral density, presence or absence of diabetes mellitus, history of fractures of the whole body, anti-osteoporosis treatment, cement leakage) for each group were analyzed by Cox propor-tional hazards regression analysis.Results:Of all the patients,16 (55.17%, 16/29) had refractures in the adjacent vertebra, and 13 (44.83%, 13/29) had refractures in the nonadjacent vertebra.Refrac-tures within 3 months accounted for 31.03%(9/29) of all the refractures, and within 1 year accounted for 55.17%(16/29).Both older age (P=0.027, HR=1.051, 95%CI=1.006-1.098) and a his-tory of fractures of the whole body (P=0.012, HR=0.386, 95%CI=0.184-0.812) were statistical-ly significant as the independent risk factors for predicting refractures.Others were not associated with re-fractures ( P>0.05) .Conclusion:Older age and a history of fractures of the whole body are the inde-pendent risk factors of the refractures after PKP and PVP.The mechanism of the refractures after PKP and PVP is mainly the natural development of osteoporosis.

Objective: To observe the controlled hypotension effects of nicardipine in 2 different ways for spinal tumor operalion. Methods: Twenty-four adult patients, scheduled for selective spinal tumor operation, were randomly divided into 2 groups. In groupⅠ(n=12), the nicardipine was infused at a rate of 10 μg*kg-1*min-1 and the infusion continued until MAP was at the level of 7.33-8.66 kPa, and then the rate was decreased to 1 μg*kg-1*min-1. In Group Ⅱ(n=12), nicardipine was given 0.01-0.02 mg/kg as the load dose, then infused at 1-2 μg*kg-1*min-1. Results: During the period of controlled hypotension, cardiac index(CI) increased significantly, other hemodynamic variables were stable and no hypertension rebound occurred in both groups. Reaching time of target blood pressure in groupⅡ was shorter than that in groupⅠ（P＜0.05）. The dose required to obtain target blood pressure in group Ⅱwas less than that in group Ⅰ（P＜0.05）. BP recovery time from discontinuing nicardipine infusion to pre-hypotension level,bleeding volume and transfusion volume were similar between 2 groups（P＞0.05）.During mass bleeding,　serious arrhythmia and oliguria did not occur in any case. Conclusion: Controlled hypotension with nicardipine is rapid, stable and easily controlled without hypertension rebound. Nicardipine has considerable protective effects on heart and kidney during mass bleeding. The method of bolus injection followed with intravenous infusion is more suitable to clinical application.