0.05)respectively.Conclusions:Treatment of condylar process fracture should be based on the type of the fracture.

During 14-17th days, the duodenum of the rat fetus was composed of stratified epithelium and peripheral mesenchyme. On 18th day, the mesenchyme began to protrude toward the basal aspect of the epithelium, resulted in the formation of primary villi. At the sametime, goblet cells and the primordia of intestinal glands appeared. The number of goblet cells,which located at the surface of the villi, increased gradually with the fetus age, whereas after birth the goblet cells decreased with the development and maturation of intestinal glands. From 19th day till 3-4 weeks after birth, the shape of villi changed continuously, and attained to the adult shape in 4th week.

BACKGROUND:Alcohol has become pathogenic factors of avascular necrosis, and the alcohol induced
abnormal lipid metabolism in bone marrow may be the important reason for the onset of avascular necrosis, but the mechanism is not clear yet.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the changes of structure and function of fat cel s under the action of alcohol, in order to analyze the pathogenesis of alcoholic femoral head necrosis.
METHODS:Primary adipocytes in vitro culture technique was used to obtain rabbit femoral head intramedul ary adipose tissue, and then the fat cel s were separated, and the phenotype was identified with oil red O staining. The passaged stable intramedul ary fat cel s were col ected. Coverslip was cut into 1 cm × 1 cm in size, and placed in the 24-wel culture plate before planting. The cel s were randomly divided into alcohol group and control group, 24 holes (each hole for a sample) in each group. The control group was without alcohol, while the alcohol group was added with 0.15 mol/L alcohol. At 4, 6, 8 and 10 days, the culture medium was replaced. Medium was changed and no longer adding alcohol, and then cultured for 10 days. When the culture terminated, the coverslip was removed for oil red O staining. Final y, the morphology and the number of the fat cel s were observed under light
microscope.
RESUTLS AND CONCLUSION:With time prolonging, the number of fat cel s in the alcohol group was significantly more than that in the control group (P<0.001). The lipid droplets in the two groups were gradual y increased and enlarged, but more significant in the alcohol group. The number of intramedul ary fat cel s in the alcohol group after cultured for 4, 6, 8 and 10 days was respectively (200.90±24.60), (1 102.30±76.73), (1 160.30±28.37) and (1 199.70±44.74)/cm2;the
number of intramedul ary fat cel s in the control group was respectively (99.80±10.82), (0.40±94.71), (1 000.20± 41.85) and (1 059.80±26.79)/cm2, the number of fat cel s increased with the time of alcohol influence. Alcohol can promote the intramedul ary fat cel s to increase and enlarge, and this may be the main reason for femoral head necrosis, as long-term alcoholism can lead to bone marrow fat tissue increasing, intraosseous pressure increasing and perfusion reducing, thus resulting ischemia.

Objective:To investigate the neuropsychological characteristics of Chinese agraphia caused by basal ganglia(BG)infarction.Methods:The writing abilities of 40 patients with BG infarction were detected by Chinese agraphia battery(CAB),and all the writing scores and agraphia quotient were calculated.The head CT/MRI images in agraphia and non-agraphia groups were standardized,the infarction were revealed and the superposition of two-dimensional arrays were performed,so that the central tendency of infarction was visually displayed.Results: Among the 40 patients,21 had left BG infraction,and 17 had agraphia;19 had right BG infraction,and 4 had agraphia.The two-dimensional superimposing neuroimages showed that BG infarctions caused agraphia was mostly in the left BG,including the left putamen,the head and body of the caudate nucleus,but there were fewer infarctions in the right putamen and the body of the candate nucleus.BG infarction caused agraphia was mostly aphasic agraphia,which was characterized by the orthographic disorders,paragraphia,and grammar mistakes.Conclusions: BG infarction may result in aphasic agraphia,which suggested that BG is involed in writing and processing,and it is the subcortical center of this advanced neurofunction in writing.

Aclarubicin ; therapeutic use ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Cytarabine ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Glutethimide ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Dexamethasone ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Exanthema ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Fever ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Premedication ; Taxoids ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use

Objective To evaluate the role of haeme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in remote limb ischemic preconditioning (RLIP)-induced attenuation of lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits.Methods Twenty-four Japanese White Rabbits,aged 4-5 months,weighing 2.0-2.5 kg,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =6 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (S group),I/R group,RLIP group and zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP,an inhibitor of HO-1) plus RLIP group (ZnPP + RLIP group).Lung I/R was produced by 60 min occlusion of the left lung hilum followed by 180 min of reperfusion in I/R,RLIP and ZnPP + RLIP groups.RLIP and ZnPP + RLIP groups received 3 cycles of 10 min ischemia followed by 10 min reperfusion in the bilateral hind limbs immediately before occlusion of the left lung hilum.In ZnPP + RLIP group,ZnPP 10 μmol/kg was injected intravenously 10 min prior to hind limb ischemia and the rest of the procedures were similar to those previously described in RLIP group.At the end of reperfusion,arterial blood samples were collected for blood gas analysis.The animals were then sacrificed and pulmonary specimens were obtained for microscopic examination of the pathological changes which were scored (lung injury score,LIS) and for determination of wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio),myleoperoxidase (MPO) activity,malondialdehyde (MDA) content and expression and activity of HO-1 in the lung tissues.Results Compared with group S,PaO2 was significantly decreased,and LIS,W/D ratio,MPO activity,MDA content,and HO-1 expression and activity were increased in I/R group (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with I/R group,PaO2 and HO-1 expression and activity were significantly increased,and LIS,W/D ratio,MPO activity and MDA content were decreased in RLIP group (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with RLIP group,PaO2 and HO-1 expression and activity were significantly decreased,and LIS,W/D ratio,MPO activity and MDA content were increased in ZnPP + RLIP group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion RLIP up-regulates HO-1 expression and enhances HO-1 activity,thus reducing lung I/R injury in rabbits.

Objective To evaluate the role of astrocyte chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in microglial activation in an in vitro experiment.Methods Primary astrocytes and microglias were isolated from the brain tissues of C57BL/6J mice at postnatal day 1-2.The experiment was performed in two parts.Experiment Ⅰ Astrocytes were inoculated in 6-well culture plates at a density of 3 × 104 cells/well (2 ml/well) and divided into 5 groups (n=3 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-cα) group,1 μg/ml CCL2 small interference RNA (siRNA) group (group CCL2-siRNA1),2 μg/ml CCL2-siRNA (group CCL2-siRNA2) and negative control siRNA group (group NC-siRNA).Astrocytes were cultured routiuely in group C,and 10 ng/ml TNF-α was added and astrocytes were incubated for 15 min followed by washout with phosphate buffer solution (PBS),and then astrocytes were incubated for 3 h in the other 4 groups.At 24 h before TNF-α was added,CCL2-siR-NA 1 and 2 μg/ml were added in CCL2-siRNA1 and CCL2-siRNA2 groups,respectively,and NC-siRNA 2 μg/ml was added in group NC-siRNA.The concentrations of CCL2 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Experiment Ⅱ Microglias were inoculated in 6-well culture plates at a density of 3×104 cells/well (2 ml/well) and divided into 3 groups (n=3 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),TNF-α group and CCL2-siRNA group.Microglias were cultured routinely in group C.In group TNF-α,10 ng/ml TNF-α was added to astrocytes which were incubated for 15 min followed by washout with PBS,astrocytes were then incubated for 3 h,and the supernatant was collected and added to microglias which were incubated for 24 h.In group CCL2-siRNA,2 μg/ml CCL2-siRNA was added to astrocytes which were incubated for 24 h,10 ng/ml TNF-α was also added to astrocytes which were incubated for 15 min followed by washout with PBS,astrocytes were then incubated for 3 h,and the supernatant was collected and added to microglias which were incubated for 24 h.The activity of microglias was measured by immunofluorescence,and the migration of microglias was evaluated by Transwell migration assay.Results Experiment Ⅰ The concentrations of CCL2 were significantly higher in TNF-α,CCL2-siRNA1,CCL2-siRNA2 and NC-siRNA groups than in group C (P＜0.05).The concentrations of CCL2 were significantly lower in CCL2-siRNA1 and CCL2-siRNA2 groups than in TNF-α and NC-siRNA groups (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in CCL2 concentrations between group TNF-α and group NC-siRNA (P＞0.05).Experiment 1Ⅱ Compared with group C,the activity of microglias was significantly increased,and the migration of microglias was enhanced in TNF-α and CCL2-siRNA groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group TNF-α,the activity of microglias was significantly decreased,and the migration of microglias was weakened in group CCL2-siRNA (P＜0.05).Conclusion Astrocyte CCL2 is involved in mieroglial activation in an in vitro experiment.

ObjectiveTo investigate the changes of non-linear dynamics characteristics of EEG during picture memory masks, and the application of non-linear dynamic analysis for memory research.MethodsEEGs of 30 healthy old volunteers were recorded under the states of opened eyes and picture memory. Correlation dimension (D2) was calculated for all subjects.ResultsD2 increased significantly during memory tasks compared with the rest state with eyes opened (P<0.05). In different memory tasks, the complexity of mental functions and the regions involved in the memory task were different.ConclusionNon-linear analysis is appropriate for the study of functional changes and working mechanism of brain during memory.

Objective:To investigate RNA interference and apoptosis induced by LPS in kidney epithelial cells through silencing C5aR gene with small hairpin RNA (shRNA).Methods:We construct the eukaryotic expression vector of small hairpin RNA targeting rat C5aR gene,and transfected RK3E cell by electroporation,after G418 selection,so we got the stable cell line expressing C5aR shRNA.The experiment was designed into 3 groups:①normal control group,RK3E cells without transfection;②negative control group,RK3E cells transfected with blank vector;③ experimental group,RK3E cells transfected with C5aR shRNA.After incubation with LPS for 12 h,the ratio of apoptosis was tested by flow cytometry,the level of mRNA was tested by RT-PCR,and binding of ~(125)I-rrC5a to RK3E cells stimulated with LPS were performed to examine the expression of C5aR in RK3E cells.Results:Compared with the normal control group and negative control group,in the experimental group the ratio of apoptosis was significantly decreased(P＜0.01),and the expression of C5aR mRNA was significantly inhibited(P＜0.01),and binding of ~(125)I-rrC5a to RK3E cells was significantly decreased also.Conclusion:Hairpin shRNA targeting C5aR gene can lead to obvious gene silence in vitro and inhibit the cell apoptosis induced by LPS in kidney epithelial cell.