Outcome of patients with adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is poor,and even worse among patients with relapsed/refractory ALL (R/R ALL).New treatments must be taken to overcome drugresistance to conventional chemotherapy for ALL.Humanized monoclonal antibody and chimeric antigen receptor gene modified T cells have become the focus of treatment in ALL.Lots of clinical trials in multiple research centers are in progress,and the results constantly upgrade which is effectively bring better curative effect and prognosis for R/R ALL patients.This is one of the hot topics at the 56th ASH annual meeting.

Objective To review the CT appearances and important differential diagnoses of various primary and secondary mesenteric neoplasms.Methods By describing the mesenteric anatiomy and major routes for the dissemination of metastatic mesenteric tumors, the article presents both the common and rare types of various primary and secondary mesenteric neoplasms, and addresses the characteristic CT appearances and important aspects of the differential diagnosis.Results CT study, especially the multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT), along with the clinical history and other related information, can nicely depict various mesenteric tumors and well differentiate them from infectious, inflammatory or vascular processes affecting the mesentery.Conclusion CT is the imaging method of choice for the evaluation of tumors of small bowel mesentery.

Objective:To investigate the effect of porcelain bake cycles on oxide layer form ed on cobalt-chromium alloy surface.Methods:Fixed spot analysis of EPMA methods was adopted to measure the oxygen at o mic percentage inward from the edge of cross-section interface of alloy pieces. The adherent state of oxide layer on the surface of substrate alloy was observed .Results:The oxide layer on the surface of alloy had stable thickness and contain ed more and more oxide as porcelain firing times increased.In some area,oxide la yer fractured from the substrate metal.Conclusion:Cobalt-chromium alloy frame should be abrased and polished thoroughl y after porcelain bake cycles.

In recent years, various network assistant teaching platforms which have flooded into universities have been well received by the majority of teachers and students and educators. Network teach-ing platforms in oral medicine education now, especially the assistant teaching and information management have gradually risen to play a decisive role position. Combined with the characteristics of oral medical un-dergraduate course and the present situation of teaching, a preliminary practical use has been made on the new digital teaching management platform of College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, and the analysis based on its advantages and disadvantages has also been made, in order to make an improvement of oral medicine teaching quality and management efficiency.

Pterygium is a common ocular surface disorder,which causes lowing of vision even blindness once invading into cornea.The pathogenesis of pterygium is still incompletely clear.Recently studies showed that the interaction of a lot of factors lead to the proliferation of pterygium,and angiogenesis may play an important role in the formation and progression of pterygium.The therapies of pterygium focus on surgical resection with autologous conjunctival transplantation,amniontransplantation or transplantation of limbal stem cells,but a high recurrence rate of pterygium is worth studying.The angiogenesis of pterygium is a key problem.This article summarized the research outcomes in regulation and treatment about angionesis in pterygium.

Objective To explore the effect of preserving intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) in axillary lymph node dissection on sensory disturbance for breast cancer.Methods Clinical data of 146 cases of stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲa breast cancer patients treated by modified radical mastectomy was analyzed.The patients were randomly divided into two groups.Retention group included 67 patients who were performed axillary lymph node dissection preserving ICBN,and 79 cases undergoing axillary lymph node dissection were taken as control group.Data of the two groups were assessed to compare the operation time,nunber of lymph nodes dissection and sensory abnormalities of upper arms.Results In the follow-up of 1,3 and 6 months,the incidence rate of the lateral upper ann sensory disturbance were 17.9％ and 74.9％,11.9％ and 60.7％,7.4％ and 59.5％ respectively in the retention and control group,and the difference was statistically significant (x2=46.78,P＜0.001;x2=36.54,P＜0.001;x2=42.80,P＜0.001).Meanwhile,there was no obvious difference between the retention and control group in operation time and number of lymph nodes(P＞0.05).No local recurrence after operation occurred in the follow-up of 8 months to 5 years.Conclusions For stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ a breast cancer patients undergoing axillary lymph node dissection,retaining ICBN can significantly reduce the chance of the postoperative medial upper arm sensory disturbance,improve the quality of life with no increase of local recurrence rate.

There are a wide variety of spiders on the earth and most them can secrete venom,which contains a variety of chemi-cal compositions that have multiple influences on organism be-sides toxic effects.The pharmacological efficiency includes cardi-ovascular and cerebrovascular activities,analgesic activities,an-tibacterial and anticancer activities etc.Ion channels are one of the important targets of spider toxins.They act on different ion channels,such as potassium channel,calcium channel and differ-ent subtypes of sodium channels.Therefore the spider toxins pres-ent different pharmacological activities and potential medicinal value.The venoms of spiders are less well studied than those from other venomous taxa such as conotoxin,scorpions and snakes etc. However,in recent years,spider toxins are turning to a new hot subject in related research areas.This review summarizes the lat-est progress in biological activities of spider toxins as well as its application in medical practice and development.

Objective:To explore the therapeutic potential of preemptive targeting of the epitope spreading cascade by adoptive transfer after EAE onset of immunoregulatory T cells specific for the MBP87-99 spreading determinant.Methods:EAE was induced by PLP139-151 in SWXJ mice, all mice were weighed and examined daily for neurologic signs. On days 6 after EAE onset, mice were injected with IL-2prom→IL-10cDNA-transfected Th2/Tr1-like T cells specific for MBP87-99,PLP104-117,or BSA. Finally demyelination was quantified by analysis of digitized images of PLP immunostained spinal cord sections.Results:Mice received Th2/Tr1-like T cells specific for MBP87-99 had a significantly improved clinical outcome(P=0.02) compared with control mice, reduction in the relapse rate and delay in mean time to onset of first relapse were also observed(P

Objective To review the various imaging modalities and their appropriate applications in the preoperative evaluation of both donors and recipients in liver transplantation (LT). Methods All the relevant literatures were reviewed. Different kinds of imaging modalities have been used in potential LT donors and recipients to assess the volume, the parenchyma and the vasculature of the liver, the biliary system, and the extrahepatic region of the upper abdomen and beyond. The techniques, the imaging findings, and the merits and shortcomings of various imaging modalities were presented.Results Traditional imaging techniques are still of valuable, while CT can provide rich and accurate information. "One-stop" comprehensive MR examination is emerging as the method of choice for the preoperative evaluation LT recipients and donors. Conclusion Each imaging method has its merits and limitations. Those imaging methods which can provide accurate and comprehensive information are likely to have better application future.

Objective To investigate the relationship between genetic polymorphism of N-acetyltransferase 2(NAT2) and susceptibility to bladder cancer.Methods Based on case-control study,NAT2 mutation alleles(NAT2*5,*6 and*7) were determined by ASPCR and PCR-RFLP in 78 patients with bladder cancer and 80 nontumorous patients.In addtion,the relationships between the genotypes and tobacco smoking,occupational exposure,high dose intake of meat or pathological characteristic of bladder cancer patients were analyzed.Results In the blood samples from 158 cases,the 4 alleles NAT2*4,NAT2*5,NAT2*6 and NAT2*7 were detected.The frequency of NAT2 slow genotypes was 29.5%(23/78) in patients with bladder cancer,which was significantly higher compared with 16.3%(13/80) in control patients(P