Objective To evaluate the value of (1 ,3)‐β‐D‐glucan(G test) in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary fungal infection (IPFI)in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) .Methods 96 COPD patients with high risk of IPFI were en‐rolled in the study ,and were divided into IPFI group and non‐IPFI group .The G test were performed on those people while the tra‐ditional methods sputum smear and fungal culture were also performed .The (1 ,3)‐β‐D‐glucan concentrations of IPFI group and non‐IPFI group were compared ,and then the areas under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were calculated .The sensi‐tivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value ,negative predictive value ,and the area under ROC of the two methods (G test and tradi‐tional methods) were compared .Results The sensitivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value ,negative predictive value of G test were 89 .5% ,89 .6% ,68 .0% ,97 .2% ,respectively ,when 20 pg/mL was the critical value .Areas under curve were 0 .942 for G test ,and 0 .790 for traditional method .Conclusion The detection of (1 ,3)‐β‐D‐glucan might be faster and with higher positive rate than traditional method ,and could be used for the early diagnosis of IPFI ,provide reference for the treatment .

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect and its possible molecular mechanisms of MicroRNA-34a(miR-34a) on the human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2 cell line subcutaneous xenograft tumor in nude mice.Methods: The human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2 cell line was cultured in vitro.miR-34a and Scrambled miRNA recombinant plasmids were successfully established and stably transfected into CNE-2 cells.Fifteen six-week-old male nude mice were divided randomly into three groups:miR-34a group(5 mice) ,Scrambled miRNA group(5 mice) ,Blank control group(5 mice).Different CNE-2 cells were subcuta-neously injected on the back near right lower limb.Tumor volumes were examined every 7 days.Mice were executed on the 35 days,and the eventual average tumor volumes and weights were examined.Total RNA and protein were isolated from tumors,and the expression of miR-34a,CDK6,and Bcl-2 mRNA and protein were determined by qRT-PCR and western blot,respectively.Results: The relative expressions of miR-34a was significantly up-regulated in miR-34a transfected group compared to Scrambled miRNA transfected group (P<0.05).Eight subcutaneous xenograft tumor models were successfully established.The nude mice of miR-34a transfected group appeared a smaller tumor volume compared to the other two groups at the beginning of 21th day( P<0.05).The eventual average tumor volumes in miR-34a group,Scrambled miRNA group and blank control group were(351.37±98.19)mm3,(798.75±91.04)mm3 and
(849.62±101.32) mm3 ,respectively,and the eventual average tumor weights in miR-34a group,Scrambled miRNA group and blank control group were(0.81±0.13)g,(1.47±0.21)g and(1.58±0.37)g,respectively.Both the eventual average tumor volumes and weights in miR-34a group were lower compared to the other two groups(P<0.05).qRT-PCR results revealed that the expression of miR-34a in miR-34a transfected group was significantly higher than in the other two groups,while the mRNA and protein expression of CDK6 and Bcl-2 were lower than the other two groups ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion: miR-34a may inhibit the growth of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2 cell line subcutaneous xenograft tumor in nude mice by down-regulating CDK6 and Bcl-2.

Objective To explore clinical features and misdiagnosis reasons in mitochondrial encephalomyopathy,lactic acidosis,and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome.Methods The results of clinical data,brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),and the course of diagnosis were analyzed in 6 patients with MELAS.Results (1) Clinical features:headache and vomiting were the starting symptoms in 4 of 6 cases,and developmental delay was initial symptoms in 2 of 6 cases.Marasmus occurred in 6 cases,seizure in 5 cases,fever in 3 cases,and hirsutism and visual impairment in 2 cases.(2) Experimental results:blood lactic acid was higher in 6 (4.28 ～ 10.3 mmol/L).(3) Brain MRI:6 patients had abnormal signals in parietal,occipital,temporal lobe,which were not in accordance with vascular distribution.(4) Molecular genetics:All the 6 patients had A3243G gene mutation.(5) Three patients were misdiagnosed for viral encephalitis,and 2 developmental retardation.Conclusions MELAS is characterized with developmental retardation,and repeated encephalitis attack.It is also misdiagnosed because of its variety of clinical features.If patients have high level of lactic acid and multiple MRI signal abnormalities of brain which are not in accordance with vascular distribution,MELAS should be suspected of.Genetic examination and muscle biopsy are especially important in the diagnosis of MELAS.

In the field of colorectal cancer molecular biology,there are a number of biomarkers of prognosis and curative effect,including orotate phosphoribosyltransferase,P53,thymidylate synthase,glutathione S-transferase,methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase,dihydropyfimidine dehydrogenase,uridine-diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase,which can select the effective patients or the patients who can't bear the side effects and contribute to the individualized treatment of colorectal cancer.

Objective To investigate the effect of ramipril on urinary protein in elderly type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy in different periods.Methods 120 type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy (64 males, 56 females) with mean aged (68±3) years were randomized into treatment group and control group (n =60, each).According to test results of 24 h proteinuria and renal function, they were divided into 3 subgroups: the normal urine albumin (normal control) group, the early diabetic nephropathy group, and the clinical diabetic nephropathy group.The control group received conventional treatment, while the treatment group used conventional treatment combined with ramipril 2.5 mg/d.Both groups had treatment course of 3 months.The changes in 24 h urinary total protein and urinary albumin before and 1 and 3 months after treatment, and the changes in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels in patients with renal dysfunction before and 3 months after treatment were observed and compared.Results 24 h urinary total protein and urinary albumin were significantly decreased along with the extended treatment time (P＜0.05 or 0.01).The blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were significantly declined at 3 months after treatment versus pre-treatment (P＜0.05 for both).There were no significant differences in 24h urinary total protein and urinary albumin in control group before versus after treatment (P＞0.05 for both).At 1 and 3 months after treatment, there were significant differences both in the decrement of 24h urinary total protein and urinary albumin, and in the blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels between the clinical diabetic nephropathy treatment group and the control group (P＜0.05 or 0.01).Conclusions Ramipril combined with conventional treatment can effectively reduce proteinuria and promote the recovery of renal function for type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy.

Objective To study the expression of interleukin-13(IL-13) in renal tissues of several common pathologic types of primary glomerulonephritis(PGN).Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of IL-13 in renal tissues of 81 patients with PGN and 10 normal control cases.The correlation analysis was performed with biochemical and pathological indicators.Results Extensive expression of IL-13 was found in renal tissues of patients with PGN.The expression of IL-13 in renal tissues was positively correlated with the concentration of blood urea nitrogen,serum creatinine,the quantitation of urine protein and the crescent formation in glomerular(r=0.325,0.275,0.291,0.231,respectively).It was negatively correlated with glomerular filtration rate and serum albumin(r=-0.448,-0.296,respectively).Conclusion IL-13 participates in the process of inflammation reaction and crescent formation in the renal tissues in patients with PGN,and is correlated with the progression of renal function and the level of urea protein.

High resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI) has become an indispensable tool for multidisciplinary teams addressing locally advanced rectal cancer.Preoperative HRMRI is accurate in predicting tumor stage and poor prognostic features,such as circumferential resection margin and extramural venous invasion,et al.HRMRI is a precise diagnostic tool to select who may benefit from neo-adjuvant therapy and to avoid over treatment in those patients who can proceed directly to surgery,thus achieving better prognosis and quality of life for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

The paper first discusses the concepts and implications of human resources and human talents as well as the difference between the two. Then it expounds the difference between human resources management and personnel management with regard to historical conditions and functions. Finally the paper deals with the specific characteristics of personnel management and the urgency of transition to human resources management.

Objective To examine the psychometric characteristics of the Neonatal Oral-motor Assessment Scale (NOMAS) and the influence of evaluation time on assessment results of oral motor skills for preterm infants,and to provide advice for the application of oral-motor assessment in clinic practice.Methods Following Palmer's method,a video recording was made for the preterm infants at different age during the first 2 min of nutritive sucking(NS).We stored the recordings on a digital videodisc and two NOMAS assessors assessed each recording.Results The NOMAS had acceptable internal consistency for less than 35 weeks' PMA (postmenstrual age).Moderate correlation were found between scores on the NOMAS and feeding performance for less than 35 weeks' PMA (normal sucking r=0.58,sucking disorder r=-0.61).The NOMAS demonstrated low responsiveness to changes in oral-motor skill in a week period,ranging from 33 to 36 weeks' PMA (SRM=0.02～0.49).The NOMAS scores for evaluating 30 seconds and 2 minutes were not consistent,the former scores was higher.Conclusions The reliability and validity of NOMAS were acceptable in assessing the oral-motor function of preterm infants for less than 35 weeks' PMA.The evaluation time of NOMAS was suitable for 2 min.

Objective To explore the expressions of livin and Smac in condyloma acuminatum (CA) tissue and their roles. Methods The expressions of Livin and Smac were analyzed by immunocytochemical staining with streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) in tissue specimens from the lesions of 58 patients with CA and foreskin of 20 normal human controls. Results The detection rates of Livin and Smac were 81.03% (47/58) and 77.59% (45/58) in CA lesions, respectively, compared to 25.00% (5/20) and 35.00% (7/20) in the controls, respectively. The expressions of Livin and Smac varied from positive (++) to strongly positive (+++) in CA lesions, and from negative (-) to positive (++) in the controls (both P< 0.05). A positive correlation was found between the expression of Livin and Smac in CA lesions (r = 0.373, P < 0.01). Conclusion There is an over- expression of Livin and Smac in CA tissue, which may be involved in the occurrence and development of CA.