Objective To observe the effect of Niaoduqing granules on chronic renal failure in patients with blood lipid and blood homocysteine.Methods Patients with chronic renal failure were divided into observation group and control group by number table method,two groups of patients were both given low salt,low fat and high quality low protein diet,controlling blood pressure and blood sugar,correcting anemia,correcting calcium and phosphorus meta-bolic disorders,correcting of acidosis,while patients with combined infection were given positive anti infection treat-ment.Observation group was treated with Niaoduqing granules on that basis.The changes of triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol( HDL-C) ,total cholesterol( CHO) ,low-density lipoprotein( LDL-C) ,and plasma homocysteine( Hcy) were observed before and after treatment in the two groups.Results After treatment,CHO,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C, Hcy in the control group were respectively (4.83 ±0.22)mmol/L,(2.21 ±0.30)mmol/L,(0.69 ±0.11)mmol/L, (4.30 ±0.32)mmol/L,(24.35 ±7.05)μmol/L,that threre was no significant changes before and after treatment.In the observation group,TG,LDL-C,Hcy were (1.38 ±0.18)mmol/L,(3.29 ±0.13)mmol/L,(14.54 ±3.56)umol/L respectively after treatment,and which were significantly lower than that before treatment ( t=1.45,2.13,4.28,all P<0.05).HDL-C (1.42 ±0.31)mmol/L,were significantly increased after treatment as compared with that before treatment (t=3.88,P<0.05).The difference of Hcy,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C and CHO after treatment was statisti-cally significantin between the two groups (t=1.34,2.08,1.10,3.88,all P<0.05).Conclusion Niaoduqing gran-ules can improve lipid metabolism disorders in patients with chronic renal failure,and can reduce the serum homocys-teine.

This article reviews the recent advances in many aspects including classification,risk factors,treatment and prognosis of hemorrhagic transformation after cerebral infarction,which will provide references for the treatment and research of cerebral infarction.

Objective To investigate the role of microglial activation in spinal cord in a rat model of persistent postoperative pain evoked by skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR) .Methods Seventy-two male SD rats weighing 200-250 g in which intrathecal (IT) catheter was successfully inserted were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 24 each) : group sham operation; group SMIR and group SMIR + FT minocycline (a specific microglia inhibitor) . The rat model of persistent postoperative pain evoked by SMIR was established according to the method described by Flatters. Pain behavior was assessed by paw mechanical withdrawal threshold ( MWT) to von Frey filament stimulation at 1 day before (T0,baseline) and 3, 7, 12, 22 and 32 days after operation (T1-5,) . Four animals were sacrificed at each time point in each group for detection of the expression of Iba-1 (a specific marker of microglia) in the spinal dorsal horn by immunofluorescence and the microglia was counted. Results MWT was significantly decreasedat T1-4, while the expression of Iba-1 and microglia counts in the spinal dorsal horn were significantly increased at T1, 2 by SMIR in group Ⅱ. IT minocycline significantly attenuated the hyperalgesia induced by SMIR at T1-4 and decreased Iba-1 expression and microglia counts at T1,2 in group Ⅲ. Conclusion Microglial activation in the spinal cord plays an important role in the development and maintenance of SMIR-evoked persistent postoperative pain in rats.

Objective To investigate whether endogenous retinal stem cells can be activated in the retina of Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats during the onset and development of retinitis pigmentosa. Methods The RCS-p+ rats with inherited retinal dystrophy were divided into 3 groups: the initial stage group (15-day RCS rats), the mid-stage group (30-day RCS rats) and the advanced stage group (90-day RCS rats) according to the severity of degeneration (n=4 in each group). RCS-rdy+p+ rats without retinal degeneration served as controls, and divide into three groups (15-day control, 30-day control, 90-day control) matched with RCS-p+ rats. A transcription factor (Chx10) expressed by embryonic retinal progenitors was detected using immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Results All of the retinal layers in the three control groups and in the 15-day RCS rats did not express Chx10, while the positive expression was observed in the photoreceptor layers of the 30-day and 90-day RCS rats. Chx10 protein could be detected by Western blotting in all RCS groups, but expressed higher in 30-day RCS rats than in 15-day and 90-day RCS rats (P

The efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is the summary for the effects of traditional Chinese medicine.The effect of traditional Chinese medical pharmacology is studying the interaction mechanism between TCM and body,using the modern technical methods and guiding by TCM theories.Most efficacies of TCM are identical with pharmacological effects.The clinical use of TCM pharmacy will give a full play of treatment only by guided with the theory of the concept of the whole and treatment based on syndrome differentiation and integrated with the efficacy of TCM and the principal compatibility of medicine.

Objective To explore the characteristics of DNA antigen deposited in the skin lesions of patients with lupus erythematosus (LE). Methods Thirty-two LE skin specimens were collected. The deposited immune complexes were obtained by cryoprecipitation methods. Then the samples were digested by protease. Finally DNA was extracted with phenol and chloroform. The size of DNA fragments was detected on agarose gel electrophoresis. Ten kinds of probes were used to analyze the origin of these DNA molecules by dot hybridization. Results DNA fragments were successfully isolated from 27 skin specimens with four kinds of different sizes including band-I (20 000 bp), band-Ⅱ (1 300 bp), band-Ⅲ (800-900 bp) and band-Ⅳ (100-120 bp). In 15 specimens most of DNA was identified as band-I. In 2 specimens band-Ⅰ, -Ⅱ and -Ⅲ were all noticed, while all four bands were detected in 10 specimens. There was a positive correlation between small-sized fragments (100-200 bp) and disease activity (P

Afferent Pathways ; anatomy & histology ; Animals ; Female ; Ganglia, Spinal ; anatomy & histology ; Neurons, Afferent ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urinary Bladder ; innervation

To express feruloyl esterase A from Aspergillus oryzae in Pichia pastoris expression system and study its hydrolysis function, explore the conditions and effects of purification for ferulic acid extracts by macroporos resin. Using the total RNA from A. oryzae CICC 40186 as the template, we amplified coding sequence AorfaeA encoding a mature feruloyl esterase A (AorFaeA) by RT-PCR technique. Then, the coding sequence AorfaeA was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 mediated by an expression plasmid pPIC9K. The purified recombinant AorFaeA (reAorFaeA) showed one single band on SDS-PAGE with an apparent molecular weight of 39.0 kDa. The maximum activity of reAorFaeA to methyl ferulate, measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), was 58.35 U/mg. Then, reAorFaeA was used to release ferulic acid from de-starched wheat bran in the presence of xylanase. The purification tests for ferulic acid from the enzymatic hydrolysate were carried out with preselected macroporous resins. The results showed that macroporous resin HPD-300 had much higher adsorption and desorption capacities. Ferulic acid could be quantitatively recovered by 50% of the eluent concentration at a flow speed of 1 mL/min. Under the purification condition, the recovery ratio of ferulic acid was 92%, and the content of ferulic acid was increased from 0.13% in the raw material to 10.55%. This work exploits the breakdown of ferulic acid by recombinant enzymeand provids a good strategy to its "green production".
Aspergillus oryzae ; enzymology ; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Coumaric Acids ; chemistry ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Hydrolysis ; Molecular Weight ; Pichia ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the effect of medial preoptic area ( mPOA) destruction on the anesthesia induced with propofol and ketamine and the role of mPOA in the mechanism of anesthesia. Methods Twenty-four SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into two groups: NS group ( n = 12) and NMDA destruction group ( n = 12) . The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal (ip) pentobarbital 40 mg?kg-1. A hole was drilled in the skull fixed by a stereotactic apparatus (Narishige). 0.5?l of normal saline (NS) or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) was injected into mPOA. The rats were observed for changes in behaviour and body weight. On the 7 th day after NS or NMDA injection each group was further divided into 2 subgroups receiving either propofol 100 mg?kg-1 or ketamine 100 mg?kg-1 ip. The latency of loss of righting reflex (RL)(time from end of ip injection to loss of righting reflex) and recovery time (RT) were recorded. Results There were no significant changes in behaviour and body weight after mPOA injection in NS group; while animals in NMDA-destruction group showed increased excitability , irritability and activity and decreased appetite and sleep and significant weight loss after mPOA injection. RL was significantly longer and RT was significantly shorter after propofol/ketamine ip injection in NMDA destruction group than those in NS group. Conclusion mPOA is probably involved in anesthesia induced with propofol and ketamine.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of isoflurane preconditioning on myocardium against isehemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury and the possible mechanism.Methods Fifty male SD rats weighing 250- 300 g were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=10 each):Ⅰ control group(C);Ⅱ I/R group and 3 isoflurane preconditioning groups with 0.5%(Ⅲ),or 1.0%(Ⅳ)or 2.0% isoflurane(Ⅴ).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 40 mg?kg~(-1).The hearts were immediately excised and placed in cold K-H solution.The aorta was canuulated and heart retrogradely perfused with K-H solution aerated with 95% O_2 and 5% CO_2 at 37℃ and 10 kPa in a langendorff apparatus.Left ventricular end-diastollc pressure(LVEDP)and left ventrieular systolic pressure(LVSP)were measured from a fluid-filled latex balloon in the left ventricle.The isolated hearts were made globally ischemic for 30 min followed by 60 rain reperfusion in group Ⅱ-Ⅴ.In the 3 isoflurane preconditioning groups the hearts were perfused with K-H solution saturated with 0.5% or 1.0% or 2.0% isoflurane for 15 rain followed by 15 rain washout before ischemia.The cardiac function variables including LVEDP,LVSP dp/dt_(min),dp/dt_(max) and HR were measured after epuilibrium(baseline values),immediately before ischemia,at the end of 30 min ischemia and 60 min reperfusion.The infarct size and cytochrome C level in cytoplasm and mitochondria of myocytes were measured.Results I/R significantly increased LVEDP and decreased LVSP,dp/dt_(min),dp/dt_(max) as compare with control group.Sevoflurane preconditioning significantly attenuated the depression of cardiac function caused by I/R.Only LVEDP was significantly higher during reperfusion period in the 3 sevoflurane preconditioning group than in the control group but there was no significant difference in LVSP,dp/ dt_(min),dp/dt_(max) between control group and the 3 preconditioning groups.The infarct size was significantly smaller in the 3 preconditioning groups than in I/R group.Cytochrome C level was significantly increased in cytoplasm but decreased in mitochondria in I/R group as compared with control group.Sevoflurane preconditioning significantly ameliorated the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria to cytoplasm in the 3 sevoflurane preconditioning group.Conclusion Isoflurane preconditioning can protect the heart against I/R injury by attenuation of the release of cytochrone C from mitochondria to cytoplasm.