Objective To observe the effect of Niaoduqing granules on chronic renal failure in patients with blood lipid and blood homocysteine.Methods Patients with chronic renal failure were divided into observation group and control group by number table method,two groups of patients were both given low salt,low fat and high quality low protein diet,controlling blood pressure and blood sugar,correcting anemia,correcting calcium and phosphorus meta-bolic disorders,correcting of acidosis,while patients with combined infection were given positive anti infection treat-ment.Observation group was treated with Niaoduqing granules on that basis.The changes of triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol( HDL-C) ,total cholesterol( CHO) ,low-density lipoprotein( LDL-C) ,and plasma homocysteine( Hcy) were observed before and after treatment in the two groups.Results After treatment,CHO,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C, Hcy in the control group were respectively (4.83 ±0.22)mmol/L,(2.21 ±0.30)mmol/L,(0.69 ±0.11)mmol/L, (4.30 ±0.32)mmol/L,(24.35 ±7.05)μmol/L,that threre was no significant changes before and after treatment.In the observation group,TG,LDL-C,Hcy were (1.38 ±0.18)mmol/L,(3.29 ±0.13)mmol/L,(14.54 ±3.56)umol/L respectively after treatment,and which were significantly lower than that before treatment ( t=1.45,2.13,4.28,all P<0.05).HDL-C (1.42 ±0.31)mmol/L,were significantly increased after treatment as compared with that before treatment (t=3.88,P<0.05).The difference of Hcy,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C and CHO after treatment was statisti-cally significantin between the two groups (t=1.34,2.08,1.10,3.88,all P<0.05).Conclusion Niaoduqing gran-ules can improve lipid metabolism disorders in patients with chronic renal failure,and can reduce the serum homocys-teine.

This article reviews the recent advances in many aspects including classification,risk factors,treatment and prognosis of hemorrhagic transformation after cerebral infarction,which will provide references for the treatment and research of cerebral infarction.

Objective To explore the characteristics of DNA antigen deposited in the skin lesions of patients with lupus erythematosus (LE). Methods Thirty-two LE skin specimens were collected. The deposited immune complexes were obtained by cryoprecipitation methods. Then the samples were digested by protease. Finally DNA was extracted with phenol and chloroform. The size of DNA fragments was detected on agarose gel electrophoresis. Ten kinds of probes were used to analyze the origin of these DNA molecules by dot hybridization. Results DNA fragments were successfully isolated from 27 skin specimens with four kinds of different sizes including band-I (20 000 bp), band-Ⅱ (1 300 bp), band-Ⅲ (800-900 bp) and band-Ⅳ (100-120 bp). In 15 specimens most of DNA was identified as band-I. In 2 specimens band-Ⅰ, -Ⅱ and -Ⅲ were all noticed, while all four bands were detected in 10 specimens. There was a positive correlation between small-sized fragments (100-200 bp) and disease activity (P

Objective To investigate the role of microglial activation in spinal cord in a rat model of persistent postoperative pain evoked by skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR) .Methods Seventy-two male SD rats weighing 200-250 g in which intrathecal (IT) catheter was successfully inserted were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 24 each) : group sham operation; group SMIR and group SMIR + FT minocycline (a specific microglia inhibitor) . The rat model of persistent postoperative pain evoked by SMIR was established according to the method described by Flatters. Pain behavior was assessed by paw mechanical withdrawal threshold ( MWT) to von Frey filament stimulation at 1 day before (T0,baseline) and 3, 7, 12, 22 and 32 days after operation (T1-5,) . Four animals were sacrificed at each time point in each group for detection of the expression of Iba-1 (a specific marker of microglia) in the spinal dorsal horn by immunofluorescence and the microglia was counted. Results MWT was significantly decreasedat T1-4, while the expression of Iba-1 and microglia counts in the spinal dorsal horn were significantly increased at T1, 2 by SMIR in group Ⅱ. IT minocycline significantly attenuated the hyperalgesia induced by SMIR at T1-4 and decreased Iba-1 expression and microglia counts at T1,2 in group Ⅲ. Conclusion Microglial activation in the spinal cord plays an important role in the development and maintenance of SMIR-evoked persistent postoperative pain in rats.

The efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is the summary for the effects of traditional Chinese medicine.The effect of traditional Chinese medical pharmacology is studying the interaction mechanism between TCM and body,using the modern technical methods and guiding by TCM theories.Most efficacies of TCM are identical with pharmacological effects.The clinical use of TCM pharmacy will give a full play of treatment only by guided with the theory of the concept of the whole and treatment based on syndrome differentiation and integrated with the efficacy of TCM and the principal compatibility of medicine.

Objective To investigate whether endogenous retinal stem cells can be activated in the retina of Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats during the onset and development of retinitis pigmentosa. Methods The RCS-p+ rats with inherited retinal dystrophy were divided into 3 groups: the initial stage group (15-day RCS rats), the mid-stage group (30-day RCS rats) and the advanced stage group (90-day RCS rats) according to the severity of degeneration (n=4 in each group). RCS-rdy+p+ rats without retinal degeneration served as controls, and divide into three groups (15-day control, 30-day control, 90-day control) matched with RCS-p+ rats. A transcription factor (Chx10) expressed by embryonic retinal progenitors was detected using immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Results All of the retinal layers in the three control groups and in the 15-day RCS rats did not express Chx10, while the positive expression was observed in the photoreceptor layers of the 30-day and 90-day RCS rats. Chx10 protein could be detected by Western blotting in all RCS groups, but expressed higher in 30-day RCS rats than in 15-day and 90-day RCS rats (P

Objective To investigate the effects of [Gly14]-Humanin(HNG) on SOD, MDA, GSH and cell apopto?sis in a rat model of secondary brain injury. Methods One hundred thirty-five adult and healthy male rats were random?ly divided into 3 groups: sham model group (n=45), vehicle control group (n=45) and HNG group (n=45). Secondary brain injury was induced in the vehicle control and HNG groups using improved Feeney method. Vehicle control received abdominal injections of Sodium Chloride Injection (2 ml/kg) whereas the HNG group received abdominal injections of HNG (2 μL/kg) immediately and 24 h after injury. Each group was divided into three subgroups (n=15 rats per each group) by sacrificed time including 1 h, 3 d, and 7 d after injury. The expression levels of SOD, MDA and GSH of the brain tissue were analyzed and the cell apoptosis was examined using TUNEL method after brain contusion. Results MDA and cell apoptosis around the lesion started to increased at 1h, reached a peak at 3d and then gradually subsided but still remained a higher level at 7 d than 1 h. HNG significantly attenuated brain injury-induced increase in MDA and apopto?sis at all time points (P<0.05). By contrast, SOD started to decrease at 1h, reached the lowest point at 3 d and then gradu? ally recovered but still remained a lower level at 7 d than 1 h. HNG significantly mitigated brain injury-induced increase in MDA and apoptosis at all time points (P<0.05). The time course of GSH expression followed a pattern similar to that of MDA. MDA expression was strongly positive correlated with the number of cell apoptosis (r=0.720, P<0.05), strongly neg?ative correlated with the level of SOD and GSH(r=-0.702, P<0.05;r=-0.674, P<0.05). Conclusions After brain injury, HNG inhibits oxidative stress levels and reduces apoptosis, thereby mitigating secondary brain injury.

Objective To investigate the role of serum and glucocorticoid regulated protein kinase (SGK) 1 in the inflammatory responses mediated by toll like receptors.Methods Mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS,1 mg/kg) 2 h after the pretreatment of EMD638683 (10 mg/kg) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as control.At the time points of 3 and 24 h,pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6,IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) in serum were measured using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Livers and lung were harvested at 6 h and 24 h after the injection of LPS,embedded by optimum cutting temperature (OCT) and then stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE).Peripheral blood mononuelear cell (PBMC) were isolated and stimulated by LPS with or without the pretreatment of EMD or LY294002.Cytokines (IL-6,IL-12 and TNF-α) were measured using ELISA.IKKα/β,IKBα and nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 were detected by Western bolt.Data were analyzed by one way analysis of variance.Results In the model of LPS-induced endotoxin sepsis,inhibition of SGK1 induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6 [t=3.007,P＜0.05],IL-12[t=4.413,P＜0.05] and TNF-α[t=5.403,P＜0.05]),increased inflammatory cells infikration into the liver and lung within 6 h,and induced serious multiple organ damage with collapse of alveoli and fatty degeneration of liver.After 24 h,pharmacological inhibition of SGK1 with EMD638683 increased proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6 [t=18.540,P＜0.01],IL-12[t=16.520,P＜0.01] and TNF-α[t=34.880,P＜0.01]) production in human PBMC upon LPS stimulation and inhibited the phosphorylation of IKKα/ β/IKBα and nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65.Conclusions SGK1 suppresses the toll like receptor 4 mediated inflammatory responses via NF-κB.

Objective To retrospectively analyze adverse drug reaction ( ADR ) of Yuxingcao ( Houttuyniae Herba ) preparations, thus provide reference for post-market re-evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine injections. Methods The ADR from Chinese ADR spontaneous reporting system database from 2006 to 2008 were analyzed by descriptive statistic method. Results A total of 2 282 reports on ADR induced by Yuxingcao preparations were concluded in this study, and 98.07% ADR of the total cases ( 2 238 case ) were due to vein injection. The main ADR were anaphylactic reactions which injure multiple systems and organs.The most frequent symptoms were respiratory system damage, such as expiratory dyspnea (with the incidence rate of 27.25%).Skin and mucous membrane were the secondly susceptible (with the incidence rate of 21.35%).The ratio of serious ADR in the total case was 13.50% (308 case), rate of allergic shock was 8.37% (191 case), and 22 cases were dead. Conclusion By strengthening the ADR reporting and monitoring, the risk of traditional Chinese medicine injection could be controlled.Safety re-evaluation should be performed to overall enhance safety, effectiveness and quality control of these kinds of medicine.

Objective To analyze of pathogenic bacteria of pulmonary infection in patients with terminal cancer.Methods The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed including the general cultivation of pathogenic bac-teria in sputum and the results of drug sensitivity of hospitalization of patients with lung cancer from July 2013 to May 2014.Results 132 strains of pathogenic bacteria were cultured from120 cases of patients with pulmonary infection, including gram-negative bacilli accounted for the vast majority of 27.3%,accounted for 59.8% of Gram-positive coc-ci,Ranked in the top 5 pathogenic bacteria were Streptococcus pneumoniae,Staphylococcus aureus,Candida albicans, Klebsiella pneumoniae,there arevarying degrees of resistance to commonly used antibiotics in bacteria.Conclusion Selecting and using the antimicrobial agents according to the results of pathogen detection in patients,could improve the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment and reduce bacterial resistance.