Agenesis of Corpus Callosum ; Chromosomes, Human, X ; Gene Deletion ; Glycerol Kinase ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Syndrome

Objective To investigate antimicrobial use in 33 township central hospitals,and improve the rational use of antimicrobial agents. Methods Thirty-three township central hospitals in 1 1 counties were randomly select-ed,7 920 outpatient prescriptions,medical records of 465 non-surgery patients and 213 surgery patients were inves-tigated and analyzed. Results Of 33 hospitals,antimicrobial usage rate in outpatients and inpatients was 56.60%and 89.68% respectively,combined antimicrobial usage rate was 24.16% and 43.58% respectively. Antimicrobial use density in inpatients was 147.25DDDs. Antimicrobial usage rate in surgery patients was 97.18% ,combined an-timicrobial usage rate was 59.90% ,the percentage of one drug,two-drug combination and three-drug combination was 40.10% ,47.82% ,and 12.08% respectively. The percentage of antimicrobial use in patients of type Ⅰ,Ⅱ, and Ⅲincision was 97.56% (40/41),96.93% (158/163)and 100.00% (9/9)respectively,combined antimicrobial us-age rate was 30.00% ,67.72% ,and 44.44% respectively.Conclusion The overuse of antimicrobial agents exists in 33 township central hospitals,antimicrobial usage rate,combined usage rate,antimicrobial use density and antimi-crobial prophylaxis in typeⅠincision operations are all high.

[Objective]To introduce a new technique of ankle arthrodesis with trephine by lateral approach and evaluate its clinical effects.[Method]Ankle arthrodesis with trephine was performed in 20 patients with serious lesions.Lateral incision was adopted and osteotomy of fibula facilitated the exposure of the fusion site.A trephine of appropriate diameter was used for bi-osteotomy,thus inside the trephine gaining two bone blocks were then rotated 90? and replanted in situ.The pruned fibula was fixed with screws as on-lay!grafting.Proper cast was utilized postoperatively to maintain a functional position.[Result]The average follow-up period was 26 months(ranged from 6 months to 4 years).All the wounds healed well at 2 weeks and the callus appeared 4 weeks postoperatively.Sufficient pain relief was obtained in all patients at 12 weeks and appearance improved greatly.A solid union was achieved in all cases through the radiograph.[Conclusion]The use of trephine in ankle fusion by lateral approach is proved to be a simple technique with high union rate.The main advantages of the technique over other methods of arthrodesis include: excellent exposure by regular incision;less disturbance of the original joint,thereby preserving normal height of the joint and length of the extremity;no need for extra graft through in-situ grafting of the bone blocks and rigid on-lay grafting of lateral malleolus for high primary stability.

Radiotherapy is the primary treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and the disease control rate and survival time are able to be greatly improved by enhancing the radiosensitivity. Via mechanisms such as binding to target genes mRNA 3'untranslated region (3'UTR), microRNA (miRNA) inhibits translation, which therefore regulates transcription of target genes and thus affect target protein expression. Recent research showed that miRNAs play significant roles in improvement of radiosensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This article reviews mechanism of miRNA action to strengthen radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the future of clinical practice of miRNA in this disease.
3' Untranslated Regions ; Carcinoma ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; pharmacology ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; RNA, Messenger ; Radiation Tolerance ; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents

Objective To compare efficacy of two intensive therapies:continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion(CSⅡ) and multiple subcutaneous insulin infusion (MSⅡ) for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly divided into 2 groups. Patients in CSⅡ group were treated by insulin (Novolin R) through a infusion pump. Patients in MSⅡ group were treated by Novolin R before meals (3 times a day) and Novolin N at bedtime. Blood glucose was monitored the whole day before and after treatment. Time required for blood glucose to reach the standard level, insulin dosage and hypoglycemia incidence were compared between the 2 groups before and after treatment. Results Both of the 2 therapeutic methods effectively controlled blood glucose (P＜0.05). However, the 2 groups had significant difference in terms of the time required for blood glucose to reach the standard level ( 3.6 ± 1.2 d vs. 9.4 ± 3.2 d, P ＜ 0. 01 ), daily insulin consumption (35.2 ± 8.5 u vs. 43.2 ± 10. 1 u, P ＜0. 01 ) and hypoglycemia incidence (2. 1% vs.9.7%, P ＜0.01 ). Conclusions CSⅡ and MSⅡ are effective for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. CSⅡ is superior to MSⅡ due to its advantages of quick response, safety, and less insulin consumption.

Animals ; Erythrocytes ; physiology ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; physiology ; Oxygen ; Water ; chemistry

To investigate the clinical improvement of limping gait in patients with ankylotic hips and limb length discrepancy.Methods:From 1996 to 2005,12 patients with ankylotic hips and limb length discrepancy were treated by distraction osteogenesis with a mono-lateral external fixator and an intramedullary nail.The limb length discrepancy was 6.20-12.50 (median 8.45) cm.Limping gait was classified according to the recommendations of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons/Hip Society and scored according to Harris:no limping scored 11 points,mild limping scored 8 points,moderate limping scored 5 points,while severe limping scored 0 points.Limping gait was severe in all patients pre-operatively and the total score was 0.Results:All patients were followed up for 30.00-46.00 (median 38.55) months,and all reported improvement in limping gait.The gain in length was 6.00-12.50 (median 8.20) cm,and the mean residual limb length discrepancy was 0-0.50 (median 0.20) cm.The total treatment time was 41.00-82.00 (median 61.50) weeks,the lengthening time was 14.00-38.00 (median 29.55) weeks.At the last follow-up,10patients had mild limping gait and 2 had moderate limping gait; the total score was 90.00.The median score was 7.50 (P25 was 8.00,P75 was 8.00).According to Wilcoxon signed rank test,the post-operative limping gait scores were significantly higher than pre-operative (P=0.001 ).Conclusion:Femoral lengthening can improve the limping gait significantly in ankylotic hips and limb length discrepancy.

Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Child ; Humans ; Male

Afferent Pathways ; anatomy & histology ; Animals ; Female ; Ganglia, Spinal ; anatomy & histology ; Neurons, Afferent ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urinary Bladder ; innervation

Objective To observe left ventricular transmural peak radial strain and strain time-to-peak of peri-infarct different layers myocardium using tissue Doppler strain imaging, to assess its mechanical pattern during acute myocardial ischemia.Methods Left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) were ligated in experimental open-chest Beagle dog models (n = 9),the two-dimensional apical short-axis views of left ventricle in three complete cardiac cycles were acquired and stored in TDI-Q workstation at baseline(the control group of peri-infarc myocardium) and during acute myocardial ischemia respectively.Sampling volume was uesd to measure the peak radial strain and the strain time-to-peak consesquently on the derived M -mode tissue Doppler velocity images at peri-infarct myocardium before and after ischemic segments and different layers(subendocardium, medium, subepicardium).Statistical analies was performed using student's t- test or Pearson's correlations.Results Peak radial strain decreased at peri-infarct subendoeardium (P<0.05) with no significant difference between those at baseline and at peri-infarct medium (P >0.05), the peak radial strain increasd at peri-infarct subepieardium (P < 0.05) ,and the strain time-to-peak at different layers of peri-infarct myoeardium was significantly postponed (P< 0.05).There was a good correlationship of peak radial strain between subendocardium and segment as well as between the medium and segment (r = 0.617, P<0.01 ; r = 0.556, P<0.01).This correlationship disappeared at peri-infarct myocardial segment (r = 0.287, P > 0.05, r = 0.243, P > 0.05).Conclusions The left ventricular transmural mechanical remodeling at peri-infarct myocardium is the integrant of result of mechanical interactions between ischemic and nonischemic myocardium,which might be one of the trigger the structural and fundational remodeling processes involving in the pathophysiological foundation of ischemie cardiomyopathy.