Animals ; Child ; China ; Dairy Products ; Diet ; Health Promotion ; methods ; Health Status ; Humans ; Nutritional Status ; Nutritive Value

Nonclinical evaluation of vaccines is an important part of innovative vaccine research and development. Information on vaccine efficacy and safety is obtained through nonclinical research to support the clinical development and licensure of the vaccine. In this paper, combined with existing vaccine evaluation experience, the strategies, considerations and concerns of vaccine nonclinical evaluation are summarized by consulting the relevant domestic and foreign literature and guidelines of vaccine nonclinical evaluation in recent years, so as to provide a reference for vaccine researchers. Because of the different characteristics and concerns of therapeutic vaccines, the discussion in this paper mainly focuses on innovative preventive vaccines.

Purpose:To compare old and new clinical staging of primary liver cancre. Methods:317 cases of primary liver cancer(PLC) patients,hospita lized and dead,were investigated retrospectively for overall median survival and survival after various therapies,according to various stages,and therapies and comparison among groups and test of median survival were carried out. Results:Survival in patients with new stage Ⅱa+Ⅱb or old Ⅱw ere significantly longer than newⅢa+Ⅲb or oldⅢ, but no significant differenc es were observed between new stageⅡa+Ⅱb and oldⅡ , or new stage Ⅲa+Ⅲb and oldⅢ. Median survival by new staging , decreased in peoper order from stageⅡ a ,Ⅱb , Ⅲa to Ⅲb respectively, significant different was found only between s tage Ⅲa and Ⅲb but not betweenⅡa andⅡb . Survival decreased respectively fr om interventional treatment ,systemic chemotherapy and palliative therapy;the in terventional treatment group did much better than the palliative group but no si milar differences were observed in the other groups. Conclusions:New clinical staging of PLC did not show significan t superiorly over the old one as judged by median survival.It can be questioned whether basing on largest diameter is less than 5/10 cm or more than 10 cm to di stinguish Ⅱa and Ⅱb is valid.Interventional treatment should be applied as soo n as possible to prolong survival whether it be the new or old clinical staging.

Objective:To study the effects of artesunate on K562, K562 /ADM cell apoptosis and NF-κB p65 expression in hu-man leukemia. Methods: The effect of artesunate with different concentrations on K562 and K562 /ADM cell apoptosis at various times was studied by a flow cytometer. The effect of artesunate with 15 μmol·L-1 on NF-κB P65 expression in K562 was explored u-sing a Western blot method. Results:Artesunate showed little effect on K562 cell apoptosis, while exhibited notable effect on K562 /ADM cell apoptosis. K562 /ADM cells were more sensitive than K562 to artesunate at the concentration of 7. 5 μmol·L-1 and 15μmol·L-1(P<0. 01), and after 4-hour treatment with 15 μmol·L-1 artesunate, K562 /ADM cell apoptosis was much higher than K562(P<0. 01). Artesunate could reduce leukemia cell p65 expression at the concentration of 15 μmol·L-1. Conclusion:Artesu-nate can induce the apoptosis of leukemia cells by down-regulating the expression of p65.

As the basic resource in the China medical system, the importance of medical personnel’s enthusiasm is graduate playing significant role in the process of health reform. Through the prospective of salary system for medical personnel, it analyzed the current situation and problems of the low salary of medical staff, the unreasonable distribution of salary elements, the imbalanced structure of salary and so on. It also put forward the following proposals as to determine the reasonable salary with dynamic regulation for the medical staff, to ascend the position value and to establish a guaranteed and flexible salary structure and so on.

Objective; To elucidate the mechanism of the role of ER-a in fat metabolism by regulating the expression of ER-a in SD rats marrow mesenchymal stem cells during differentiating into adipocytes in vitro. Methods ;SD rats marrow mesenchymal stem cells were separated and cultivated. The ER-a was transfected into the rBMSCs in group one. Tamoxifen Citrate was used to restrain the expression of ER-a in group two, the group without any treatment was used as control. Western blot was used to identify the difference of ER-a expression among different groups and Oil-Red-0 staining was employed to identify the adipocytes in vitro. Results; There was significant difference between the number of lipids and different groups (P <0. 01) ,the number of lipid droplet changed concomitantly with ER-a: Low-expression ER-a group > Control group > High-expression ER-a group. Conclusion; ER-a in SD rats marrow mesenchymal stem cells may restrain the adipocyte differentiation.

OBJECTIVE:Inhaled glucocorticoids(GC) are the first-line medicine for bronchial asthma during relieve phase, thereby this study was designed to explore if patient tends to suffer osteoporosis due to long term inhalation of glucocorticoids. DATA SOURCES:Literatures about GC and osteoporosis were computer-searched in Medline and Embase from January 1980 to December 2003, with the key word of " asthma, bone density, bone metabolism and inhaled glucocorticoids" and language limited to English.Meanwhile it was also computer-searched in CBM, CBM disc and manually searched in Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation between January 1990 and April 2004 with language limited to Chinese. DATA SELECTION: Literatures about the comparison of bone density and bone metabolic change between inhaled GC group and control group were consorted deleting randomized controlled trial(RCT) so as to look up the whole content of healthy controls;While patients in the treatment group received GC inhalation.Exclusive standards:obvious non-RCT. Quality assessment is mainly focused on the reality of data,the strictness of design and implementation,and the rationality of statistical management. DATA EXTRACTION:Totally 30 randomized and nonrandomized studies about the influence of inhaled GC on the bone density and bone metabolism of patients with asthma were referred to amongst which 18 studies were admitted with the other 12 excluded for similarity in content in 8 and Meta-analysis in 4. DATA SYNTHESIS:A total of 1 153 asthmatic patients in 18 studies were divided into GC inhalation group and non-inhalation control group for comparing the difference of bone density and/or bone metabolism between them. CONCLUSION:Although the results of studies on the influence of long-term inhaled GC on bone quantity were different, but there was still not enough evidence to demonstrate that osteoporosis was due to long-term GC inhalation.

Anthranilic acid in the leaves of Isatidis indigotica Fort. was determined by first orderderivative UV spectrophotometry. The average recovery was 96.66％ and the coefficient of deviation was1.09％. The method showed no significant difference as compared with high performance capillary elec-trophoresis at 95％ confidence level. The method is simple, rapid and accurate.

Objective To investigate the relationship between scattered or single lesion of acute cerebral infarction in middle cerebral artery territory on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and stenosis of middle cerebral artery (MCA) or internal carotid artery (ICA). Methods With exclusion of cardioembolism, 73 consecutive patients with acute cerebral infarction of the unilateral MCA territory on DWI were analyzed. All patients got magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and angiography (MRA) within 24 hours after onset, and 7 patients also had digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The patients were classified into single lesion group or scattered lesions group according to the DWI findings. The incidence of stenosis or occlusion of ipsolateral MCA, intracranial and extracranial ICA were compared between the two groups. Results 42 patients had scattered lesions and 31 patients had single lesion. The scattered-lesions group had a high incidence of ipsilateral extracranial ICA or MCA occlusion or severe stenosis ( 25.6%versus 0, x2 = 10.6, P = 0.001 ) and a high incidence of ipsilateral intracranial ICA or MCA moderate or mild stenosis (31.0% versus 9.7% ,x2 =4.717, P =0.03 ). A positive correlation was found between the scattered lesions and severe or multifocal stenosis of ipsilateral ICA and MCA ( OR: 13.7, 95% CI: 3.6 to 52.5). There was a low incidence of absence of extra- and intracranial stenosis on MRA or DSA in the scattered-lesions group ( 11.9% versus 32.3%, x2= 4.526, P = 0.033 ). A negative correlation was found between the scattered lesions and absence of large-artery stenosis ( OR: 0.284, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.94).Conclusions ( 1 ) Patients with acute cerebral infarction and scattered lesions on DWI were more likely to suffer from stenosis or occlusion of ICA or MCA, especially over the extracranial ICA. (2) Patients with single lesion were less likely to have severe or multiple stenosis of MCA and ICA, indicating the relevance of small-vessel pathogenesis.

Objective To study the relationship between the coping style and self-concept of college engi-neering students.Methods 559 engineering students were assessed with the Coping Style Questionnaire and the Tennessee Serf-Concept Scale.Results (1) The positive factors of self-concept had significantly negative correla-tion to the coping styles of serf-blame,illusion,avoidance,and rationalization(-0.445～-0.136,P<0.01),but had significantly positive correlation to the coping style of solving problem and seeking help(0.119～0.432,P<0.01).Serf-criticism had significantly negative correlation to the coping styles of serf-blame,illusion,avoidance,and rationalization(0.134～0.215,P<0.01);(2)There were significant differences between high self-concept students and low self-concept students for coping styles(P<0.01) ;(3) The factors of serf-concept had significant predictability on coping styles.Conclusion There was a higher correlation between the coping style and serf-con-cept of college engineering students.