Objective To compare the effect of various manipulation of Tuina on surface electromyogram (sEMG) in hemiplegics after stroke. Methods From January to May, 2016, 20 inpatients with hemiplegia after stroke accepted Tuina on bilateral rectus femoris by the same therapist, with the techniques of rolling, patting, rubbing, shaking, kneading and pressing, one minute a manipulation and interval one minute. Integrated electromyography (iEMG), root mean square (RMS) and median frequency (MF) of sEMG were compared, both in rest and during Tuina. Results There was no significant difference of iEMG, RMS and MF between affected and unaffected sides in rest (t<1.147, P>0.05). iEMG and RMS were the most under patting (F>21.376, P<0.001), and MF was the highest under pressing (F>11.772, P<0.001). iEMG, RMS and MF were not very different under other manipulation (P>0.05). iEMG and RMS were less in the affected side than in the unaffected side under patting (P<0.05). Conclusion Various manipulation of Tuina may be different in neuromuscular stimulation, that patting may stimulate more muscles and motor units.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of local injection of recombinant hirudin on survival of skin flaps with venous congestion in a rabbit model.

METHODSEighteen healthy rabbits were enrolled and divided into heparin-treatment (HT), recombinant hirudin treatment (RHT) and control (C) groups according to the random number table, with 6 rabbits in each group. After intravenous anesthesia with 20 g/L pentobarbital sodium, model of skin flaps with venous congestion in the size of 6 cm × 3 cm was reproduced in the dorsal side of left ear of each rabbit, in which central artery of ear served as the only blood supply, and a pedicle of 1 cm in width including central vessel of ear and its accompanying nerves as the only venous return pathway. Each flap in RHT, HT, C groups was respectively given 1 mL recombinant hirudin (1 U), low-molecular-weight heparin (625 U), and isotonic saline via multi-point and homogenous injection, then they were sutured in site. Appearance and survival rate of the flaps were observed after operation. Specimens of the distal part of flaps were harvested for determination of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) on post operation day (POD) 1, 3, 5, 7. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance and t test.

RESULTSRabbit model of skin flaps with venous congestion was reproduced successfully. Obvious hair loss was observed in completely necrotic parts of flap in each group. Obvious edema was observed in all flaps with venous congestion at distal site. The color of flaps in HT and RHT groups were lighter as compared with that in C group, and apparent hematoma of flap was observed in 1 rabbit of RHT group, 2 rabbits of HT group, 4 rabbits of C group on POD 1. The survival rate of flap in HT and RHT groups was respectively (92.3 ± 1.7)% and (94.8 ± 1.9)%, both higher than that in C group [(77.9 ± 1.2)%, F = 191.29, P < 0.05]. There was no statistical difference in survival rate of flap between HT group and RHT group (t = 2.75,P > 0.05). The content of TXB2 in HT and RHT groups on POD 3, 5 was respectively lower than that in C group (with t value from 6.68 to 30.55, P values all below 0.01), but there was no statistical difference between HT and RHT groups (with t value respectively 1.22, 6.44, P values all above 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSLocal injection of low-molecular-weight heparin or recombinant hirudin can significantly ameliorate venous congestion of skin flap in rabbit ear, and improve its survival rate.

Animals ; Ear ; blood supply ; Graft Survival ; drug effects ; Hirudins ; pharmacology ; Hyperemia ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Proteins ; pharmacology ; Skin ; blood supply ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and Salmonella Pullorum have significant damaging effects on the poultry industry, but no previous vaccine can protect poultry effectively. In this study, a recombinant-attenuated S. Pullorum strain secreting the NDV hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein, C79-13ΔcrpΔasd (pYA-HN), was constructed by using the suicide plasmid pREasd-mediated bacteria homologous recombination method to form a new bivalent vaccine candidate against Newcastle disease (ND) and S. Pullorum disease (PD). The effect of this vaccine candidate was compared with those of the NDV LaSota and C79-13ΔcrpΔasd (pYA) strains. The serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers, serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, secretory IgA, and stimulation index in lymphocyte proliferation were increased significantly more (p < 0.01) in chickens inoculated with C79-13ΔcrpΔasd (pYA-HN) than with C79-13ΔcrpΔasd (pYA) but were not significantly increased compared with the chickens immunized with the LaSota live vaccine (p > 0.05). Moreover, the novel strain provides 60% and 80% protective efficacy against the NDV virulent strain F48E9 and the S. Pullorum virulent strain C79-13. In summary, in this study, a recombinant-attenuated S. Pullorum strain secreting NDV HN protein was constructed. The generation of the S. Pullorum C79-13ΔcrpΔasd (pYA-HN) strain provides a foundation for the development of an effective living-vector double vaccine against ND and PD.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Bacteria ; Chickens ; Hemagglutination ; HN Protein ; Homologous Recombination ; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory ; Immunoglobulin G ; Lymphocytes ; Methods ; Newcastle disease virus ; Newcastle Disease ; Plasmids ; Poultry ; Salmonella ; Suicide ; Vaccines

Objective To assess the prevalence,demographic characteristics,risk factors and protective factors on major depression disorder(MDD)among the affected people in the epicenter,7 months after the 2008-earthquake in Wenchuan,China.Methods Stratified multistage cluster randomization was conducted to choose 14 503 subjects aged 15 years or over in the city of Dujiangyan,Beichuan county and Qingchuan county,Sichuan province.We used the general health questionnaire(GHQ-12)as the screening instrument,and the structured clinical interview for DSM-Ⅳ-TR axis Ⅰ disorder-patient edition(SCID-Ⅰ/P)as the tool for diagnosis.Results There were 180 persons diagnosed as MDD with other 13 asymptomatic ones.The point prevalence of MDD was 1.27% and the lifetime prevalence was 1.36%.Risk factors were including:being female(OR=1.56,95%CI:1.136～ 2.143,P＜0.05),co-morbidity with somatic diseases(OR=4.02,95%CI:2.75-5.90,P＜0.05),wounded in the earthquake(OR=3.29,95%CI:1.92-5.65,P＜0.05),property loss up to 10 000-20 000 Yuan(OR=2.09,95%CI:1.18-3.69,P＜0.05),property loss up to＞20 000 Yuan(OR=2.54,95%CI:1.38-4.68,P＜0.05),death or missing of family members(OR=3.79,95%CI:2.08-6.89,P＜0.05)and in middle-age(OR=2.31,95%CI:1.38-3.86,P＜0.05)etc.Having had a job seemed to be a protective factor(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.43-0.83,P＜0.05).Conclusion Major depressive disorder appeared to be a common psychiatric disease in these quake-stricken areas,that causing serious problems.Sustained follow-up and care provided to the affected people in these areas were of extreme importance.

BACKGROUND:There are many treatment methods for knee osteoarthritis,among which electroacupuncture,as an important non-drug treatment,is effective in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis,but its exact mechanism is not clear. OBJECTIVE:Effect of electroacupuncture on the expression of p53 and P21 in articular cartilage and subchondral bone of aged rats with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS:Eight 6-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were included in the young group and sixteen 24-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into old group(n=8)and electroacupuncture group(n=8).The rats in the electroacupuncture group received electroacupuncture stimulation once a day,5 days a week,for 8 continuous weeks,and the other two groups did not do any treatment.Eight weeks later,the level of type Ⅱ collagen C-terminal peptide in peripheral blood was detected by ELISA,the morphology of left knee cartilage and subchondral bone was observed by safranin O-fast green staining,the degree of knee cartilage degeneration was evaluated by modified Mankin's score,the microstructure of left knee cartilage and subchondral bone was detected by micro-CT,and the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase 13,P53,P21 Mrna and protein were detected by RT-PCR and western blot respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the young group,the level of C-terminal peptide of type Ⅱ collagen in the peripheral blood was increased in the old group(P<0.05).The micro-CT results showed that the bone volume fraction,bone mineral density and the number of bone trabeculae were decreased in the old group compared with the young group(P<0.05),while the trabecular separation increased(P<0.05).Safranin O-fast green staining showed that in the old group,the surface layer of cartilage was uneven with fissures,the morphology of chondrocytes was irregular and stained unevenly,the boundary between the cartilage and subchondral bone was blurred,and the matrix loss was serious.The Mankin's score was higher in the old group than the young group(P<0.05).The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13,P53,P21 at Mrna and protein levels increased in the old group compared with the young group(P<0.05).Compared with the old group,electroacupuncture decreased the level of C-terminal peptide of type Ⅱ collagen(P<0.05),increased the bone volume fraction,bone mineral density and the number of bone trabeculae(P<0.05),and decreased the trabecular separation(P<0.05).Safranin O-fast green staining showed that in the electroacupuncture group,the surface of cartilage was smooth and red staining was uniform,and the cell morphology and structure were between the young group and the old group.Following electroacupuncture treatment,the Mankin's score(P<0.05),matrix metalloproteinase 13 and P21 Mrna expression(P<0.05),and matrix metalloproteinase 13 and P53 protein expression decreased(P<0.05),while there was a decreasing trend of P53 Mrna and P21 protein expression,but with no statistical significance(P>0.05).To conclude,electroacupuncture may delay articular cartilage degeneration and subchondral osteoporosis in aged rats by inhibiting the expression of P53 and P21,so as to protect joints and delay joint aging.

Fermented Chinese medicine has long been used. Amid the advance for preservation of experience, the connotation of fermented Chinese medicine has been enriched and improved. However, fermented Chinese medicine prescriptions generally contain a lot of medicinals. The fermentation process is complicated and the conventional fermentation conditions fail to be strictly controlled. In addition, the judgment of the fermentation end point is highly subjective. As a result, quality of fermented Chinese medicine is of great difference among regions and unstable. At the moment, the quality standards of fermented Chinese medicine are generally outdated and different among regions, with simple quality control methods and lacking objective safe fermentation-specific evaluation indictors. It is difficult to comprehensively evaluate and control the quality of fermented medicine. These problems have aroused concern in the industry and also affected the clinical application of fermented Chinese medicine. This article summarized and analyzed the application, quality standards, and the modernization of fermentation technology and quality control methods of fermented Chinese medicine and proposed suggestions for improving the quality standards of the medicine, with a view to improving the overall quality of it.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Reference Standards ; Quality Control ; Fermentation

OBJECTIVEIn mid-July 2005, five patients presented with septic shock to a hospital in Ziyang city in Sichuan, China, to identify the etiology of the unknown reason disease, an epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory study were conducted.

METHODSAn enhanced surveillance program were established in Sichuan, the following activities were introduced: active case finding in Sichuan of (a) laboratory diagnosed Streptococcus suis infection and (b) clinically diagnosed probable cases with exposure history; supplemented by (c) monitoring reports on meningococcal meningitis. Streptococcus suis serotype 2 infection was confirmed by culture and biochemical reactions, followed by sequencing for specific genes for serotype and virulence factors.

RESULTSFrom June 10 to August 21, 2005, 68 laboratory confirmed cases of human Streptococcus suis infections were reported. All were villagers who gave a history of direct exposure to deceased or sick pigs in their backyards where slaughtering was performed. Twenty six (38%) presented with toxic shock syndrome of which 15 (58%) died. Other presentations were septicaemia or meningitis. All isolates were tested positive for genes for tuf, species-specific 16S rRNA, cps2J, mrp, ef and sly. There were 136 clinically diagnosed probable cases with similar exposure history but incomplete laboratory investigations.

CONCLUSIONAn outbreak of human Streptococcus suis serotype 2 infections occurred in villagers after direct exposure to deceased or sick pigs in Sichuan. Prohibition of slaughtering in backyards brought the outbreak to a halt. A virulent strain of the bacteria is speculated to be in circulation, and is responsible for the unusual presentation of toxic shock syndrome with high case fatality.

Animals ; Bacteremia ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Shock, Septic ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Streptococcal Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; veterinary ; Streptococcus suis ; isolation & purification ; Swine ; Swine Diseases ; microbiology

To analyze the genetic characterization of epidemic rubella virus strains isolated in Liaoning from 2007-2012, a total of 145 rubella virus strains were isolated using Vero/Slam cell line from the patients' throat swabs during rubella outbreaks and sporadics cases in Liaoning Province from 2007 to 2012. Fragments of 945 nucleotides containing 1E gene from 145 rubella virus isolates were amplified by RT-PCR, the PCR products were sequenced and analyzed. Based on the 739 nucleotides of 1E gene, the phylogenetic trees were constructed with 32 WHO rubella reference strains of 13 genotypes downloaded from GenBank and 145 rubella virus strains. The results showed that the 145 rubella virus strains in 2007 -2012 belonged to genotype 1E, nucleotide acids and amino acids similarities were 97.2%-100.0% and 97.6%-100.0%, respectively. Compared to the 1E reference strains(Rvi/ Dezhou.CHN/02, RVi/MYS/01), the nucleotide acids and amino acids similarities were 96.6%-99.2% and 98.2%-100.0%, respectively except for one amino acid change (Val246-Ala246) of RVi/Shenyang. Liaoning. CHN/13.11/13, and Asp262-Asn262 of RVi/Shenyang. Liaoning. CHN/13.11/4 and RVi/Liaoyang. Liaoning. CHN/26. 11/2. there had no change found in the important antigenic epitope sites, the hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization epitopes of the other rubella viruses. All the 145 strains isolated had the same amino acid change (Leu338--Phe338) in E1 protein. These findings suggested that genotype 1E of rubella virus was the predominant genotype in Liaoning province. the rubella prevailed in recent six years was mainly caused by rubella viruses genotype 1E with multi-transmission routes.
Amino Acid Sequence ; China ; epidemiology ; Epidemics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Rubella ; epidemiology ; virology ; Rubella virus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Sequence Alignment ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of Hashimoto's encephalopathy presenting with isolated cerebellar ataxia in children. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical features, laboratory tests, neuroelectrophysiological examination, imaging, treatment and outcomes of 13 patients with Hashimoto's encephalopathy presenting with isolated cerebellar ataxia, who were admitted to the Department of Pediatric Neurology of Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from January 2016 to May 2021. Results: Among the 13 cases, 6 were males and 7 were females. The onset age was 2.6 (2.0,3.3) years, 9 children had precursor infection or vaccination before the first course of disease. All the 13 children had gait abnormalities or unsteady sitting, 10 had intentional tremor, 6 had dysarthria, 3 had body tremor, 2 had nystagmus, 3 had fatigue, 3 had hypotonia, 2 had vomiting and 1 had irritability. Thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) was 500.0 (298.9,587.2) kU/L and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) was 621.9 (449.6,869.4) kU/L in 13 cases. Autoantibodies were positive in 9 cases, and cerebrospinal fluid leukocytosis was seen in 4 cases. Regarding electroencephalography result, 4 cases had background slowing and 1 case had occasional sharp waves. Among the 3 patients who had relapses, 1 had cerebellar atrophy shown on cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during the recurrence. All the patients received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and intensive methylprednisolone therapy during the first onset, followed by the disappearance of the symptoms, 1 patient had repeated episodes which was decreased after immunosuppressive treatment with Rituximab.Followed up for 25.0 (22.5,33.3) months after the last episode, 12 achieved complete remission and 1 had a wide base gait. Conclusions: Trunk ataxia is the common symptom of Hashimoto's encephalopathy presenting with isolated cerebellar ataxia in children.Children with cerebellar ataxia should be tested for TgAb and TPOAb to detect Hashimoto's encephalopathy, avoiding missed diagnosis and treatment delays; IVIG and intensive steroid therapy is effective, and immunosuppressive therapy for patients with multiple relapses could reduce the recurrence.
Autoantibodies ; Cerebellar Ataxia ; Child ; Encephalitis ; Female ; Hashimoto Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

Humans ; Encephalitis