Adult ; Aged ; Anticoagulants ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; Thalidomide ; adverse effects ; Venous Thromboembolism ; chemically induced ; prevention & control

A case of mercury-induced Baboon syndrome is reported.A 31-year-old female presented with a 2-3 day history of pruritic symmetric erythematous papules on both axillas,popliteal fossa,buttocks and groins.The patient was exposed to a broken mercury thermometer two days before the onset of the eruption.Patch testing showed that the patient was sensitive to ammoniated mercury,mercury,mercuric chloride and mercurochrome.The mercury levels in serum and full blood reached the up limit of normal value three days after the onset,and gradually decreased over time.The patient was diagnosed with Baboon syn- drome caused by mercury according to the clinical manifestation and results from laboratory studies.

Objective To explore the effect of different processing and drying methods of corn and hot pepper on fluorine content in coal-burning type of the endemic fluorosis areas, and to screen food processing and drying methods which meet the quality requirements of grain drying and able to effectively reduce the total fluoride intake of local population. Methods Farmers of endemic fluorosis area in Bijie, Guizhou province were divided into 3 groups: sun-baked drying group, stove drying group with air-tight cover and stove drying group with no cover, 10 households in each group. Corn and fresh hot pepper and samples dried for 2 weeks, or 1, 3, 6-month were collected, and water and fluoride content were detected, and the total daily fluoride intake were calculated in accordance with the "Determination of Water in Food" (GB/T 5009.3-2003) and "Determination of Fluorine in Foods"(GB/T 5009.18-2003). Results Fluoride content in fresh corn and dried for 2 weeks, or 1, 3, 6-month [of sunbaked drying group: (1.40 ± 0.16), (1.56 ± 0.14), (2.15 ± 0.47), (2.70 ± 0.64), (4.06 ± 1.75)mg/kg, stove drying group with air-tight cover: (1.41 ± 0.16), (2.39 ± 0.56), (4.60 ± 0.97), (8.46 ± 5.55), (11.36 ± 3.60)mg/kg,stove drying group with no cover: (1.40 ± 0.13), (4.69 ± 3.97), (4.47 ± 2.77), (9.65 ± 6.47), (26.12 ± 14.52)mg/kg] and pepper[sun-baked drying group: (5.41 ± 1.61), (16.60 ± 7.62), (32.60 ± 7.88), (50.26 ± 17.60),(240.20 ± 272.49)mg/kg, stove drying group with air-tight cover: (754 ± 2.95), (3238 ± 11.50), (119.18 ± 156.45),(224.00 ± 196.58), (495.70 ± 417.29)mg/kg, stove drying group with no cover: (4.82 ± 1.25), (44.30 ± 13.48),(122.89 ± 66.43), (334.23 ± 166.05), (531.01 ± 397.40)mg/kg] increased with elongation of drying time, and the group difference was significant(F = 44.77, 128.71, 126.87, 41.61, 53.63, 170.63, all P ＜ 0.05), with the largest rate of increase in stove drying group with no cover, and the lowest in sun-baked drying group;fluoride was significantly lower (t = 7.93,63.07,5.36,11.98,55.76,7.45, all P ＜ 0.05) after sample washing;total fluoride intake per person per day was 2.57 mg in local adult when ate washed and sun-baked corn, peppers, the total fluoride intake were 5.92, 8.14 mg when ate the food processed by other two drying methods and washed corn, peppers,respectively. Conclusions In the coal-burning type of fluorosis endemic area, should take appropriate health education measures, and instruct local residents to use sun bake their edible corn and pepper for human consumption, and cultivate a habit of washing corn and pepper before cooking, which can reduce the population total fluoride intake, and control endemic fluorosis.

Objective To evaluate the effects of implementing the health education in the Central Fund Program to control endemic fluorosis in Guizhou.Methods The samples were randomly surveyed to evaluate knowledge awareness in students and households as well as the habit formation after implementing the integrated program which mainly consisted of installing the improved stoves,supported by the Central Funds and health education in 5 counties.Results After health education,the rates of knowledge awareness in the students and the households were 94.80%(15 562/16 415)and 88.23%(4482/5080),respectively,and increased significantly compared with those before intervention[44.20%(26 364/59 645),22.81%(3082/13 510)],the difference being significant(χ2=13 324.05,6546.24,P＜0.01).The rates of drying corn and chili with the coal fire were 5.61% (57/1016)and 5.41%(55/1016),respectively,and decreased significantly compared with those before intervention [77.41%(1076/1390),78.92%(1097/1390)],the difference being significant(χ2=1214.49,1270.92,P＜0.01).The rates of washing corn and chili were 99.51%(1011/1016)and 94.59%(961/1016),respectively,and increased significantly compared with those before intervention[84.60%(1176/1390),76.55%(1064/1390)],the difference being significant(χ2=154.80,143.32,P＜0.01).The rates of using the uncovered and unventilated iron stoves and table stoves were 4.71%(38/807)and 8.37%(60/717),respectively,and decreased significantly compared with those before intervention[29.99%(14 483/48 299),98.33%(95 070/96 685)],the difierence being significant(χ2=243.51,25 282.99,P＜0.01).Conclusions Implementing the health education is the basis for the integrated measures for controlling the endemic fluorosis in the endemic regions.The consciousness and activity of the target people have been enhanced greatly.The good behaviors in the target people are forming,the expected goal is reached.

Objective To explore the influence of stoves and mode of coal-burning on the prevalence of endemic fluorosis in Guizhou Province.Methods Three previous severe endemic villages and two mild villages(as control)were investigated by ways of random sampling in the present and retrospect epidemiological study on stove usage,coal burning mode and the severity of disease.Results Before the 1990's Of 20th century all the households in the previous severe endemic villages used the open stove without ventilated pipe(chimney)and dehydrated the corn over the coal-fire of the open stoves in house,which resulted in severe pollution of the corn and indoor air by fluoride.After the 1990's,each household,although still dried the corn with the coal fire,used the table stoves and iron stoves increasingly year by year,which resulted in the decrease of the emitted fluoride from the coal fire significantly,reduced the fluoride pollution of the indoor air and the main food,thus the incidence of endemic fluorosis consequently decreased. On the other hand, most of the households in the previous severe endemic villages such as Lianhe and Yuanzi still used the open, unventilated stove without chimney, very few installed chimney leading to outside of the room,the rates being 51.3%(41/80)and 41.7%(35/84),respectively.It was concordant to the high incidence of endemic fluorosis.Compared with 1979,the detective rates of dental fluorosis in the crowd aged above 8 years old were increased significantly in Hehua Village in 2006,90.51%(248/274)and 96.08%(392/408),respectively(χ2=7.85,P＜0.01).Conclusions The usage of stoves and mode of coal-burning significantly influence the incidence of the endemic fluorosis caused by domestic coal-burningin Guizhou Province,and inappropriated use of stove and the mode of coal burning are the key factors in cause the prevalence of the severe fluorosis in endemic regions in Guizhou.

Objective To investigate the usage of fluorine-proof iron stove in regions with coal-burning borne endemic fluorosis of Guizhou province and to provide scientific basis for the project management. Methods According to "the local prevention programs against coal-burning borne endemic fluorosis-Guizhou iron stove usage survey scheme", in the 18 counties implemented the project of improving the iron stove from 2005 to 2008, 2 townships were selected randomly in each county of each project annually, 2 villages were selected in each township randomly, and 10 households were checked in each village. The project households were investigated using questionnaire of the related health knowledge and awareness as well as the satisfaction of the households.Results ①The improvement rate of iron stove was 100.00%(1286/1286). ②The overall utilization rate of the improved stove was 94.09% (1210/1286), in which winter was 62.21% (800/1286) and annual was 31.88%(410/1286). ③Among the households that did not use the project stove, 46.05%(35/76) households was due to switch to other clean energy, in addition, 19.74%(15/76) was due to sell or send to other households, and 14.47%(11/76) was still used to use the open kitchen without the ventilating pipe, and still 13.16%(10/76) was due to high coal prices, and 6.58%(5/76) was due to that the improved stove can not meet the needs of life and no longer used. ④Amoag 1261 households investigated, households with damaged furnace was 24.58%(310/1261 ), and the parts damaged were mainly chimney (ventilating pipe) and the furnace core, accounting for 51.94%(161/310) and 29.03%(90/310), respectively. Repair rate of the damaged parts was 32.58%(101/310). ⑤The health knowledge rate was about 82.74% (1064/1286), and the satisfaction of the iron furnace was 88.65% (1140/1286).Conclusions The improved stoves for the prevention of endemic fluorosis in the diseased area meet the people's living habits, and meet their basic livelihood needs. Most project households are still using the improved furnace.But we still need to further strengthen the project management and the health education intervention, establish and improve stove maintenance network, and reach the goal of sustainable control of coal-burning borne endemic fluorosis.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of DNA ploidy analysis combined with immunocytochemistry p16/ki-67 double staining in cervical high grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia(HSIL) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).Methods A total of 73 cases of cytological tests were randomly collected.Among them,53 cases were small DNA ploidy abnormal cells and 20 cases were DNA ploidy negative.The p16/Ki-67 results were detected by immunocytochemistry double staining.With the pathological results as the golden standard,the diagnostic values of DNA ploidy analysis and DNA ploidy analysis combined with p16/Ki-67 double staining in HSIL + was contrastively analyzed by pathologic results.Results Among 20 samples of DNA ploidy negative,the p16/Ki-67 double staining results all were negative.The positive predictive value of DNA ploidy analysis for HSIL + was 34.62％.The sensitivity of DNA ploidy analysis combined with p16/Ki-67 double staining for HSIL + was 84.62％,and its specificity was 92.31％,the positive predictive value was 78.57％ and the negative predictive value was 94.74％,which were significantly higher than those of DNA ploidy analysis(P＜0.05).Conclusion p16/Ki-67 double staining can significantly im prove the prediction value of HSIL.The DNA ploidy analysis combined with p16/Ki-67 double staining is an effective method for predicting HSIL +,which is suitable for the implementation in the areas with lack of medical resources.

Emodin is an effective active ingredient extracted from Chinese herbal medicine, which has the function of antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and scavenging oxygen free radicals, inhibiting platelet aggregation, improving microcirculation, protecting various organs and tissues as well as a wide range of anti-tumor effect. Primary biliary gallbladder is a common malignant tumor resection rate and lack of effective adjuvant treatment. It has been confirmed that emodin has broad spectrum antitumor effect, whereas, whether it has curative effect in the treatment of gallbladder carcinoma there is no reliable clinical trials confirmed that its resistance to gallbladder carcinoma function needs further experimental research. In this review, we report the research progress of emodin anti-gallbladder carcinoma.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Emodin ; therapeutic use ; Gallbladder ; drug effects ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Humans

Carboxylesterases (CESs) play important roles in the metabolism of endogenous and foreign compounds in physiological and pharmacological responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dexamethasone at different doses on the expression of CES1 and CES2. Imidapril and irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11) were used as special substrates for CES1 and CES2, respectively. Rat hepatocytes were cultured and treated with different concentrations of dexamethasone. The hydrolytic activity of CES1 and CES2 was tested by incubation experiment and their expression was quantitated by real-time PCR. A pharmacokinetic study was conducted in SD rats to further evaluate the effect of dexamethasone on CESs activity in vivo. Western blotting was performed to investigate the regulatory mechanism related to pregnane X receptor (PXR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The results showed that exposure of cultured rat hepatocytes to nanomolar dexamethasone inhibited the imidapril hydrolase activity, which was slightly elevated by micromolar dexamethasone. For CES2, CPT-11 hydrolase activity was induced only when dexamethasone reached micromolar levels. The real-time PCR demonstrated that CES1 mRNA was markedly decreased by nanomolar dexamethasone and increased by micromolar dexamethasone, whereas CES2 mRNA was significantly increased by micromolar dexamethasone. The results of a complementary animal study showed that the concurrent administration of dexamethasone significantly increased the plasma concentration of the metabolite of imidapril while the ratio of CPT-11 to its metabolite SN-38 was significantly decreased. PXR protein was gradually increased by serial concentrations of dexamethasone. However, only nanomolar dexamethasone elevated the level of GR protein. The different concentrations of dexamethasone required suggested that suppression of CES1 may be mediated by GR whereas the induction of CES2 may result from the role of PXR. It was concluded that dexamethasone at different concentrations can differentially regulate CES1 and CES2.

Animals ; Astrocytes ; immunology ; metabolism ; Male ; Microglia ; immunology ; metabolism ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Oxidopamine ; metabolism ; Parkinson Disease ; immunology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley