Astroglia is the first cell type in the central nervous system to encounter insult after brain ischemia. Then ischemia stimulates hypertrophic and proliferative changes in astroglia and induces it produce inflammatory factors involved in the initiation of immunologic cascade. The expression of these cytokines which interact in the central nervous system can both damage and protect the brain tissue. Therefore, it is important to study astroglia and cytokines in order to find a new way to reduce inflammation insults after brain ischemia.

Objective To study the relationship between helicobacter pylori(Hp) infection and iron deficiency anemia(IDA) in children. Methods The observation group contained 26 cases and control group 22 cases.Seroferroprotein(SF) and blood routine were detected.Results There was statistically significant difference in both groups on the SF,hemoglobin,red blood cellcount,mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (P0.05). Conclusion Hp infection may be related to IDA in children.

BACKGROUND: With the improvement of biomaterial and further recognition in aetabular revision, the main tendency is using biologic prosthesis for mild or moderate acetabular bone defect in total hip revision. OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect of simple particulate bone grafting on mild or moderate acetabular bone defect in total hip revision. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A retrospective case analysis. All cases were from Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University from June 2003 to June 2008. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 10 patients with mild or moderate acetabular bone defect who received total hip revision were from Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University. Among them, there were 5 male and 5 female, with an average of 58.8 years old from 43 to 77 years old. Their last replace time were 3-10 years, with an average of (7.0?0.5) years. Two of them in the last replacement used cement components, three used cementless, four used mixture, and one used dipolar artificial thigh bone. According to AAOS typing, there were 6 cases of type Ⅰ and 4 cases of type Ⅱ. The average preoperative Harris hip joint score was 40.6. METHODS: Simple particulate bone grafting combined with biologic prosthesis was used to treat the 10 patients with mild or moderate acetabular defects. All operations were at the posterolateral approach. The acetabular cup and screw fixation were performed after grafting. The postoperative effect should be evaluated by clinical and X-ray manifestations. MAIN OBJECTIVE INDEX: The bone grafting time, bleeding volume, Harris score and complications in the perioperative period were recorded. RESULTS: All patients were adopted simple particulate bone grafting combined with biologic prosthesis to reconstruct the acetabular bone defects. One acetalum cup was found loose after one month. The titanium plate combined with particulate bone grafting was used in the second revision. At 3 months after operation, the patient could walk without crutch. No complication was found in other patients. An average of 3 years following-up was obtained. The average Harris score was 87.0. Except one acetalum cup was found loose, the X-ray showed that the bed of acetabulum and particulate bone was good healing and there was no complete transparent zone. There was no patient with displacement of acetalum cup. No osteolysis in any patient. The particulate bone and host bone had a good healing. CONCLUSION: The simple particulate bone grafting is simple and effective for mild or moderate acetabular bone defects with the good follow-up result in early period.

Objective To explore the clinical application of percutaneous puncture and drainage in treating pyogenic liver abscess. Methods A total of 30 patients with pyogenic liver abscess were treated with ultrasound-guided percutaneous puncture and aspiration of abscess cavity , which was followed by DSA-guided drainage tube placement together with proper washing of abscess cavity. Results Puncturing and flushing of abscess cavity was performed in two patients with < 4 cm liver abscess , and tube placement as well as drainage was carried out in the other 28 patients with > 4 cm liver abscess. No severe complications occurred. Complete cure was obtained in all the 26 patients who had no malignant tumors. Of the 4 patients with malignant tumor, cure obtained in one and death occurred in three. Conclusion Ultrasound-guided or DSA-guided percutaneous puncture and drainage therapy is technically simple, less invasive, highly safe and clinically effective treatment for pyogenic liver abscess.

Objective To discuss the clinical effects of locking proximal humerus plate (LPHP)for humeral proximal fractures in elderly patients.Methods A total of 84 elderly patients with humeral proximal fractures were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were randomly divided into LPHP group and control group (n=42,each group).Patients in LPHP group were treated with open reduction and internal fixation using LPHP.Patients in control group were treated with open reduction and Kirschner wire fixation.All patients were followed up for 1 year and the shoulder joint function was evaluated.Results There were no significant differences in bleeding volume and the wound healing time between LPHP group and control group [(189.2±27.5) ml vs.(177.6±28.2) ml,(102.3±6.2) days vs.(99.9±6.8) days,t=1.78,1.33,P=0.079,0.105,respectively].One year after the follow-up,there were 22 cases (52.4％,22/42) with excellent clinical evaluation,18 cases (42.9％,18/42) with good clinical evaluation and 2 cases (4.8％,2/42) with poor clinical evaluation in LPHP group,and 15 cases (35.7％,15/42) with excellent clinical evaluation,22 cases (52.4％,22/42) with good clinical evaluation,and 5 cases (11.9％,5/42) with poor clinical evaluation in control group.There was a significant difference in the evaluation rate of excellent and good clinical efficacy between in LPHP group and in control group (95.2 ％ vs.88.1 ％,x2 =3.18,P 0.028).Conclusions The internal fixation using LPHP has a good clinical effect in elderly patients with humeral proximal fractures,and it can well improve the recovery of shoulder joint function.

Objective To observe the dyskinesias and motor fluctuation in patients with Parkin-son’s disease, and investigate their influential factors. Methods The detail information of dyskinesias and motor fluctuation of 63 patients with Parkinson’s disease were recorded and followed up when the of L-Dopa therapy was carried out, and all patients were assessed by using UPDRS at “on” and “off” stage, Hoehn and Yahr scale, Schwab and England living scale.The data were calculated with SPSS 10.0 statistic software. Results All patients received alone or combined L-Dopa therapy.Among the 63 patients, 11 (17.5%) were experienced dyskinesias, in which 10 show dystonia; and 36 were (57.1%) experienced motor fluctuation, in which 28 developed wearing-off.The mean daily dose of L-dopa and score of UPDRS in “off” stage were positively correlated with dyskinesias.The duration of therapy with L-dopa was positively correlated with motor fluctuation.The controlled release cabidopa/levodopa was in negative correlation. Conclusions The rate of motor fluctuation was approximately equal to the results reported in other countries.The dyskinesias was lower in occurrence and the mean daily dose of L-dopa and the disease severity should be the main influencing factors to the dyskinesias.The duration of therapy with L-dopa should be influencing factor to motor fluctuation.The main subtype of motor complications should be dystonia and wearing-off.

AIM To observe the protective effect of taurine on focal cerebral ischemia in rats. METHODS Male SD rats were divided at random into three groups, i.e. sham-operated, control and treatment group respectively. Before ischemia impairment, taurine(250 mg?kg -1?d -1)was administrated ip for one week in treatment group. A nylon suture was inserted into internal carotid artery to occlude the beginning of middle cerebral artery(MCAO). After 3 h permanent occlusion, neurology deficit score was evaluated. At 6 h, all animals were decapitated rapidly to get brain tissue. Brain infarct region was stained by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium(TTC) and the size was measured by AUTOCAD. Contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) and nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and activity of superoxide dismetase(SOD) in brain tissue were detected by spectrophotometer. Expressions of iNOS and inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were observed through immunohistochemistry method. RESULTS Compared with the control group:Taurine can ameliorate neurological deficit score and decrease infarct volume induced by MCAO. Taurine improved the activity of SOD, but did not affect NOS activity in the infarct without affecting MDA content after 6 h MCAO. Taurine decreased the positive expression of ICAM-1 significantly in brain slice. CONCLUSION The results suggest that taurine may reduce expression of ICAM-1 and improve activity of SOD, and play an neuroprotective effect against middle cerebral artery occulusion.

Objective To investigate the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP 2), matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP 7), and tissue inhibitor of matalloproteinase 2 (TIMP 2) in lung carcinoma tissue and their significance Methods The expressions of MMP 2, MMP 7, and TIMP 2 in 74 cases of lung carcinoma tissues and 20 cases of peri cancerous normal lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemical method, and the correlation between the expressions of these proteins and the clinicopathological parameters and the prognosis was analyzed Results MMP 2 and MMP 7 expressions in lung carcinoma tissues were significantly higher than those in peri cancerous normal lung tissues ( P 0 05), and the expression of TIMP 2 was significantly lower in lung carcinomas with lymph node metastasis than that in lung carcinomas without lymph node metastasis ( P

Objective To determine the changes in perioperative plasma melatonin, cortisol and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and neuropsychological function in patients who developed CNS complications after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) .Methods Three patients developed CNS complications (cerebral infarction, motor aphasia, motor and sensory aphasia) after CABG performed under hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were studied. Blood samples were taken before induction of anesthesia (T1) , 10 min after tracheal intubation (T2), 10 min after heparinization (T3), at 30 min of CPB (T4) , immediately after discontinuation of CPB (T5), at closure of chest (T6), immediately after returning to ICU (T7) and every 3 h in ICU for 24 h (T8-15) for determination of plasma concentrations of NSE, cortisol and melatonin using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay. Cognitive function was measured before and 10 to 20 days after operation using a battery of tests, while depression and anxiety were assessed by self-rating depression scale and state-trait anxiety inventory respectively. Results The plasma NSE concentration was increased after operation in all 3 patients. The circadian rhythms of melatonin and cortisol were disturbed in patient 1 and 2 during the 24h after operation but were retained in patient 3. In patient 1 and 3 the performance of the trailing making test, the digit symbol subtest of WAIS-R and the stroop color word interference test were poor, meanwhile they became more depressed and less anxious. Conclusion In patients who develop CNS complication after CABG, there are cognitive decline, sentimental disorders and disrupted circadian rhythm of melatonin and cortisol secretion.

Objective To investigate the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) in the central amygdala on fentanyl-induced hyperalgesia in rats.Methods Thirty-two male SpragueDawley rats, weighing 60-100 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table: control group (group C), fentanyl-induced hyperalgesia group (group H), U0124 group (group U1) , and U0126 group (group U2).A catheter was implanted in the central amygdale.In group C, normal saline was injected subcutaneously, and 6.5 h later dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was injected via the catheter.In group H, fentanyl was injected subcutaneously to induce hyperalgesia, and 6.5 h later DMSO was injected via the catheter.In group U1, hyperalgesia was induced, and 6.5 h later ERK1 inhibitor U0124 1.5 nmol was injected via the catheter.In group U2, hyperalgesia was induced, and 6.5 h later ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 1.5 nmol was injected via the catheter.Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal threshold (TWT) were measured before fentanyl injection, at 6.5 h after injection, and at 30 min after DMSO or U0124/U0126 administration via the catheter (T0-2).After the last measurement of pain threshold, the rats were sacrificed, and the amygdala tissues were sampled for detection of the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) by Western blot in groups C and H.Results Compared with group C, the MWT and TWT were significantly decreased at T1,2in H and U1 groups, and at T1in group U2 (P＜0.05) , the expression of p-ERK2 was up-regulated (P＜0.05) , and no significant change was found in the expression of p-ERK1 in group H (P＞0.05).Compared with group H,the MWT and TWT were significantly increased at T2 in group U2 (P＜0.05) , and no significant change was found in MWT, TWT in group U1 (P＞0.05).Conclusion ERK2 activation in the central amygdala is involved in the development of fentanyl-induced hyperalgesia in rats.