No abstract available.
Diverticulum*

No abstract available.
Nasal Polyps*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Choristoma* ; Ear, Middle* ; Salivary Glands*

PURPOSE: To assess the usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) spiral CT imaging in patients with upper airway stenosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed 3D spiral CT imagings in ten patients in whom upper airway stenosis was clinically suspected. Eight of these patients had upper airway stenosis caused by intubation or tracheostomy(n=6), tuberculosis (n=1), or extrinsic compression by a thyroid mass (n=1). Spiral CT scanning(30-second continuous exposure and 90-mm length) was performed with a table speed of 3mm/sec and a section thickness of 3mm.The selected starting point was the epiglottis. The resulting data were reformatted by multiplanar reformation(MPR) and shaded surface display (SSD) with peeling after reconstruction of 2mm interval. In the evaluation oflocation and extent of stenosis, we compared fidings of 3D imaging with those of baseline axial images (n=10), endoscopy (n=9) and operation (n=4). RESULTS: The locations of stenosis in eight patients were as follows: tracheostoma (n=4), subglottic region (n=3), and larynx (n=1). In all eight patients, 3D imaging demonstrated the location and extent of stenosis, which exactly correlated with endoscopic and operative findings. In one patient, however, another stenotic area in the tracheal bifurcation was not discovered because this lesion was not includedin the field of CT scan. In two patients, the diagnosis on 3D images of 'no stenosis' was comfirmed by clinical findings or operation. No differences in diagnostic accuracy were noted between axial images, MPR, and SSD when evalvating the location and extent of stenosis ; vertical extent was shown more easily by 3D imaging than by axialimages, however. CONCLUSION: 3D imaging with spiral CT may be an useful adjunctive method in the evaluation of upper airway stenosis with variable causes.
Constriction, Pathologic* ; Diagnosis ; Epiglottis ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional* ; Intubation ; Larynx ; Silver Sulfadiazine ; Thyroid Gland ; Tomography, Spiral Computed* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tuberculosis

The present study was carried out in order to observe the changes in the expression of the sialoglycoconjugates of the rabbit sinus mucosa after inoculation of influenza A virus utilizing a biotin labeled lectins for light microscopy with four different lectins; Maackia amurensis(MAA), Wheat germ agglutinin(WGA), Sambucus nigra(SNA), and Peanut(PNA). A comparison of the affinity of these lectins demonstrated the different distribution of sialoglycoconjugates in the ciliary layer and goblet cells. The normal sinus mucosa stained with four types of lectins showed that the sialoglycoconjugates were mainly distributed in the ciliary layer and goblet cells. Moreover, the main sugar residues of the sialoglycoconjugates were figured out to be consisted of Neu5Ac(alpha2,3)Gal, GlcNAc and Neu5Ac. Influenza A virus infection decreased the staining intensity of the mucosa with MAA, but not with WGA. The staining intensity of PNA, however, was highly increased in the viral infected mucosa. These results suggest that Neu5Ac(alpha2,3)Gal sugar residues may be required as protecting factor or modulator for Influenza A virus infectivity.
Biotin ; Goblet Cells ; Influenza A virus* ; Influenza, Human* ; Lectins ; Maackia ; Maxillary Sinus* ; Microscopy ; Mucous Membrane* ; Sambucus ; Triticum

Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is a rare malignant skin appendageal tumor first described as a specific entity in 1982. It predominantly affects the head and neck, particularly in the centrofacial region. MAC can have a benign appearance under the light microscope. Despite this bland histologic appearance, MAC can be locally aggressive with permeation of perineural spaces, perichondriums, skeletal muscles and so on. Therefore, this tumor is characterized by high morbidity and frequent recurrence in spite of aggressive treatment such as wide local excision, Mohs' microscopic surgery, or radiation therapy. Close observation for a long term is therefore mandatory even after a satisfactory excision with a wide resection margin. Recently, the authors have experienced a case of MAC in the external auditory canal which was treated by wide local excision and skin graft.
Ear Canal* ; Head ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Neck ; Recurrence ; Skin ; Transplants

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the differences in the morphologic changes of the nasal mucosa with influenza virus infection between zanamivir treated groups and non-treated group. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Zanamivir was administrated to the 15 rabbits before or after inoculation of the influenza viruses with time difference and 5 rabbits were inoculated the influenza viruses but not treated with zanamivir. The nasoturbinal mucosa was harvested and examined with the light microscope and electron microscope at 7th day after virus inoculation. RESULTS: The light microscopy results revealed that the total inflammatory scores were decreased in the zanamivir treated group. The electron microscopy results showed that the degree of ciliary loss, vacuolar degeneration of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum and rupture of cell membrane in the zanamivir treated group was less than those in the untreated group. The effects of inoculated zanamivir was related to the time of administration and best timing was immediate after inoculation of the influenza A virus. CONCLUSION: The use of zanamivir in the treatment of influenza A virus infection during the epidemic period is effective in controlling the inflammatory change.
Cell Membrane ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Influenza A virus* ; Influenza, Human* ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron ; Mitochondria ; Mucous Membrane ; Nasal Mucosa* ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Rabbits ; Rupture ; Zanamivir*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The epithelial rupture theory for the polyp formation has been well approved. According to Norlander et al., the polyp formation initiated by multifactorial pathophysiological events (infection/inflammation) appears to be a series of the consecutive events involving the rupture of epithelium, prolapse of lamina propria, epithelial ingrowth, microcavity formation, and finally the polyp formation. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of steroid and steroid receptor blocker at the early stage of the polyp formation in a rabbit model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 20 New Zealand white rabbits, polyps were induced by epithelial damage with ostial occlusion. The mometasone and RU 486, given by the biodegradable film (polylactic acid), were used to investigate the possible effects of steroid and steroid receptor blockers. After one and three weeks, macroscopic polyps were counted postmortem and on histological slides after serial sectioning. RESULT: The polyp formation was significantly increased in the RU 486-treated group, whereas it was reduced in the mometasone-treated group. According to the alpha-actin immunohistochemistry, neovascularization at the margin of the initial polyp in the RU 486-treated group markedly increased compared with the mometasone-treated group. CONCLUSION: Steroid is thought to inhibit the initial polyp formation by reducing neovascularization particularly at the margin of initial polyp.
Actins ; Epithelium ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mifepristone ; Mucous Membrane ; Nasal Polyps ; Polyps* ; Prolapse ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Steroid* ; Rupture ; Steroids ; Mometasone Furoate

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Various host and tumor parameters, particularly by the tumor size and lymph node metastasis have been studied in an attempt to evaluate and decide the optimal treatment of the patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. However, it has been necessary that the prognostic parameters can be useful to evaluate the biological behaviors of the malignancy. The Ki-67 is a proliferative marker of tumor cells and cyclin D1 is a cell cycle regulator essential for G1 phase progression. Loss of regulation of cyclin D1 is likely to contribute to tumor development. The author evaluated the prognostic significance of cyclin D1 and Ki-67 in the carcinoma of larynx and hypopharynx to determine the relationship with the various clinicopathological parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Paraffin embedded tissue specimens from 40 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx were studied by immunohistochemical method using the Ki-67 and cyclin D1 antibody. K1-67 index and expression of cyclin D1 were compared with the recurrence, survival rate, disease free time and other clinicopathological parameters such as, primary site, pathologic differentiation, tumor stage and lymph node metastasis. RESULTS: The higher Ki-67 index was significantly correlated with poorer pathologic differentiation, and shorter disease free time. But there was no significant correlation between over expression of cyclin D1 and any factor for the head and neck cancer. However, the expression of cyclin D1 had a significant positive relationship with Ki-67 index (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Ki-67 index is a good prognostic factors and cyclin D1 may be important in tumorigenesis for squamous cell cancer of the larynx and hypopharynx.
Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cell Cycle ; Cyclin D1* ; Cyclins* ; G1 Phase ; Head ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Humans ; Hypopharynx* ; Larynx* ; Lymph Nodes ; Neck ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms, Squamous Cell ; Paraffin ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate