Objective To review the management of distal common bile duct stenosis found on Ttube cholangiography.Methods This is a retrospective study on 63 patients who were found to have a distal common bile duct stenosis on T-tube cholangiography after cholecystectomy and bile duct exploration.In 30 patients,the T tube was removed.In 14 patients,the T tube was kept draining for 6 month.Seven patients developed biliary obstructive symptoms after the T-tube was spigotted,but in 3 of these patients,the T-tube could finally be removed by prolonging the spigotted time.In the remaining 4 patients,another operation was required 3 month after the first operation.In 13 patients the T tube was taken out after 6 months following balloon dilation.Results In 47 patients in whom the Ttube could be spigotted,41 patients (87.23％) did not develop any biliary obstructive symptoms on follow up for 2 6 years,while 6 patients developed biliary obstructive symptoms (12.77％).In 13 patients who received halloon dilation,7 developed biliary obstructive symptorns (53.85％).Conclusions In patients after common bile duct exploration,if distal common bile duct stenosis was found on T-tube cholangiography,the T-lube could he spigotted and the T-tube could be taken out if no obstructive symptoms developed.

AIM: To explore the effect of pinobanksin-3-acetate (PB3A) on microRNA (miRNA) expression profile of human colon cancer cells for providing new methods of treatment of colon cancer and development of targeted drug.METHODS: The method of miRNA expression profiling was used to observe the miRNA differential expression in human colon cancer SW480 cells after treated with PB3A.The expression of miRNA-198 and miRNA-296-5p in the SW480 cells was detected by RT-qPCR.The network databases of miRWalk, MicroT, miRanda and so on were used to predict the target genes regulated by these miRNAs, and pathway significant enrichment analysis was performed.RESULTS: miRNA microarray analysis showed that after treated with propolis flavonoid PB3A for 24 h, 267 miRNAs with differential expression twice or more in the SW480 cells were observed.Among them, there were 30 miRNAs with 10-fold or more differential expression, in which 28 were up-regulated and 2 were down-regulated.The results of RT-qPCR showed that the expression levels of miRNA-198 and miRNA-296-5p were consistent with the results of miRNA microarray analysis, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Bioinformatic analysis revealed that miRNA-198 has 859 target genes, and miRNA-296-5p has 906 target genes.The target genes of miRNA-198 were clustered in pathways in cancer, axon guidance, Wnt signaling pathway, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, insulin signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway, while the target genes of miRNA-296-5p were clustered in axon guidance, Wnt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, endocytosis, melanogenesis, insulin signaling pathway and calcium signaling pathway.CONCLUSION: Propolis flavonoid PB3A affects the expression of miRNA in colon cancer SW480 cells.The abnormal expression of miRNA-198 and miRNA-296-5p may be involved in the inhibitory effect of PB3A on colon cancer.