Objective To discuss pathogenesis of low back pain induced by chronic compartment syndrome. Method Thirty patients who had definite chronic lumboscaral compartment syndrome without other lumbal diseases were choosed respectively to test muscle force of lumbar and abdomen,intra-sacrospinal muscle pressure,blood routine,ESR,CK,CK-MM,LDH and LDHs.All patients received decompressive operation.Skeletal muscle specimens taken from sacrospinal muscle in each operation were possessed for histological and ultrastructuml observation. Result All of enzyme tests were normal.The author could observe the dissolved degeneration of part of sacrospinal muscle fibers,muscle fiber hypertrophy,and a small quantity of inflammatory cell infiltration with a light microscope.Focal solution of muscle fiber,the aggregation of mitochondria around the nucleus,the increase of lipid droplet and lysosome in cyte,and the proliferation and differentiation of muscle satellite cell could be observed with an electron microscope. Conclusion Pathogenesis of chronic lumboscaral compartment syndrome may be as followed.Intra-compartmental pressures increase,causing metabolism disturbance of the tissues under fascia compartment,damaging skeletal muscle chronically,then inflammatory factors are released,which stimulates posterior branch of spinal nerves,and finally induces low back pain.

The innervation in the thymus was observed by silver stain and acetylcho linesterase (AChE) histochemical method. It was shown by silver stain that nerve fibers constituted a complex network in the thymic medulla. In the cortex and medulla there were AChE-containing nerve fibers. which terminated near or encircled the thymocytes. AChE-containing nerve fibers contacted with mast cells. Some mast cells had AChE-containing substance. This study suggests that the cortex and medulla of thymus are innervated by parasympathetic cholinergic nerve fibers, which may regulate the thymocytes and mast cells.

Objective To explore the morphologic changes of the epithelial cells in the thymic cortex in diabetes rats, and its possible mechanism of thymocyte apoptosis and thymus involution. Methods The ultrastructure changes of the epithelial cells in the thymic cortex in diabetes rats were observed under electron microscope. Results The type 2 epithelial cells had four kinds of the changes on ultrastructure:1 the endocrine disorder like changes with a large number of the degenerative cystic vacuoles;2 the degenerative like changes with lots of the abnormal secretory vacuoles and myelin like bodies and bulky tonofilament bundles; 3 the phagocyte like changes with a great number of the dense lysosome like granulae and the phagocytosed apoptotic cells and bodies; 4 the apoptosis like changes with the early morphologic changes of apoptosis. The type 3 epithelial cells had two kinds of the changes on ultrastructure:1 degenerative like changes with groups of dense granulae which secrete peptide hormones;2 the proliferative like changes with numerous collage fibrils in the vicivity of their perikarya. In addition, a lot of the apoptotic thymocytes and the reduction of thymocyte number were found in thymic cortex.Conclusion The varied ultrastructure changes of the epithelial cells in rat thymic cortex could be induced by diabetes, which might be the one of major mechanisms on influencing the thymocyte development and causing the thymocyte apoptosis and thymus involution.\;[

Purpose:To study the mutual relationships between apoptosis,cell proliferation correlative gene PCNA and tumor suppressor gene P27 Kip1 as well as to investigate if they have something to do with the occurrence,development,and prognosis in esophagus squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:47 cases of primary esophagus squamous cell carcinoma were put into investigative group whose tumor samples from operation resection were studied. 20 cases with normal esophagus cell mucous membrane tissue were put into the control group. Expression level of PCNA,P27 Kip1 was detected by immunohistochemistry method (S-ABC) in both groups. Apoptotic index was detected by TdT mediated deoxyuridylic acid(dUMP)nicking end labeling (TUNEL method) in both groups.Results:①In the group of 47 cases of esophagus squamous cell carcinoma,there were 17 cases of positive expression in P27 Kip1 ,and the positive rate was 36.17% , average proliferation index(PI) was 45.86?19.11%,average apoptotic index is 1.05%?0.59%,ratio of PI/AI is 57.37? 45.17 ,all of which were statistically significant for difference between normal tissue and carcinoma in esophagus squamous cell (P

1. Microsurgical relationships of the arteries at the base of the brain and the trigeminal nerve were studied bilaterally on 30 brains. Twenty seven trigeminal nerves made contact with the arteries 33 times which represents 55 percent of the cases. Six of 27 trigeminal nerves had double contact.2. Of 33 arteries in contact with 27 nerves, seventeen involved the superior cerebellar arteries (SCA) (28.33?5.82%), seven the anterior inferior cerebellar arteries (AICA) (11.67?4.15%) and nine the middle inferior cerebellar arteries (MICA) (15.0?4.61%).3. The outer diameter of the superior cerebellar artery is the largest averaging 1.41?0.20 mm; the anterior inferior cerebellar artery comes next averaging 1.06?0.36 mm and the middle inferior cerebellar artery the smallest, averaging 0.62?0.14 mm.4. 27 trigeminal arteries arising from the upper or middle segement of the basal artery were found on the ventral surface of the trigeminal nerves in 17 brains, and 16 trigeminal branches arising from the AICA. MICA. and PICA were also found at the roots of 16 trigeminal nerves. Anastomoses were noted between the trigeminal arteries and the trigeminal branches in four cases of 16 trigeminal nerves.5. The association between the neurovascular contact and the trigeminal neuralgia are discussed. It is suggested that the neurovascular contact either from dorsal or ventral aspects may be the anatomical cause of the trigeminal neuralgia.6. The neurovascular contact of the trigeminal nerve with the SCA was usually on the dorsal or dorsalmedial aspect of the nerve, but the point of contact with AICA or MICA was mainly on the ventral aspect of the nerve. Besides, there are trigeminal arteries and trigeminal branches at the ventral surface of the nerve. All these topographic observations provide microsurgical information for neurosugeons.

Objective To estimate the status of secondhand smoke (SHS) among restaurant customers in Shanghai and evaluate their support to smoke-free restaurants. Methods A random sample of 284 customers from 27 restaurants participated in the face to face interview. Results There were 55.8% smoking customers often smoke in the restaurants and 84.4% nonsmoking customers had suffered from secondhand smoke in restaurants. Among the customers, 73.9% supported the smoke-free law in restaurants and 49.6% of them expressed that they would more likely to go and eat in the restaurant after the smoke-free law implemented. Elder age, nonsmoking as well as college and above education background were the supporting factors for the smoke-free restaurants and the odds ratios were 1.03 (95%CI: 1.01~1.06), 6.40 (3.06~13.88) and 2.71 (1.44~5.11), respectively. Conclusion Customers have seriously suffered from SHS and most of them support the smoke-free policy. In general, the smoke-free restaurant policy will increase the intention of eating in the restaurants among customers.

Objective:To compare the surgical outcomes between arthroscopic coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction and open modified Weaver-Dunn procedure for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dis-locations.Methods:From January 2011 to June 2012, 63 consecutive patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocations who were treated with either arthroscopic coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction or open modified Weaver-Dunn procedure were retrospectively reviewed after the final follow-up.There were 49 men and 14 women with a mean age of (40.3 ±10.6) years.The mean time from injury to surgery was (10.3 ±5.3) d.According to the Rockwood classification, there were 45 patients with type V injury and 18 patients with typeⅢinjury.All the patients with typeⅢinjury claimed high level of sport activi-ty.The patients were divided into the arthroscopic surgery group (32 cases) or the open surgery group (31 cases) depending on the type of the surgery that each patient had taken.All the patients were rou-tinely followed up after the surgery.The visual analogue score ( VAS ) , American shoulder and elbow surgeons( ASES) score and University of California Los Angeles( UCLA) score were employed to evaluate the postoperative shoulder function.The postoperative radiographs of both shoulders were taken for each patient to evaluate the loss of reduction of the acromioclavicular joint.Re sults:The mean follow-up time was (29.6 ±6.0) months ( range:24 to 43 months) .No significant difference was found between the
arthroscopic surgery group and the open surgery group with regard to the patient’ s age [(41.0 ±10.5) years vs.(38.0 ±10.8) years], gender (male/female,24/8 vs.25/6), classification (Ⅴ/Ⅲ,22/10 vs. 23/8), time from injury to surgery [(10.6 ±4.9) d vs.(10.1 ±5.7) d], dominant involvement (19/32 vs.17/31)and mean follow-up time [(29.8 ±6.4) months vs.(29.5 ±5.5) months], P>0.05.At the end of the last follow-up, no significant difference was noted between the two groups regarding the mean forward elevation [(164.4 ±17.2) degrees vs.(162.6 ±12.9) degrees], mean external rotation [(60.9 ±17.0) degrees vs.(57.3 ±15.8) degrees], mean internal rotation [(T12 ±3 vertebrae) vs. (T12 ±3 vertebrae)], mean ASES scores (96.0 ±5.1 vs.94.5 ±3.8)and UCLA scores (34.2 ±1.5 vs. 33.7 ±1.4), P>0.05.The rate of loss of reduction was significantly lower in the arthroscopic surgery group (1/32) compared with the open surgery group (7/31, P=0.026).Conclusion:Surgical treatment for acromioclavicular joint dislocations with either arthroscopic reconstruction or open modified Weaver-Dunn procedure could yield good results with no significant difference between the two groups as for the postoperative shoulder function.The rate of loss of reduction was lower in the arthroscopic surgery group compared with that of the open surgery group.

The degranulation of mast cells represents a pivotal e-vent in the allergic disorders.The Src family kinases(SFKs)are as a starting signal in the activation of mast cell.Lyn,Fyn and Syk play important regulatory role in the degranulation of mast cells.Regulating SFKs can reduce the degranlation process and inhibit the allergic disorders.Therefore,SFKs inhibitors can be potential drugs in the allergy.It is necessary to study the targeted medicine of SFKs,which will be a new direction of drug develop-ment.

BACKGROUND:Diabetic cystopathy is one of the most common chronic diabetic complications. The establishment of animal models of diabetic cystopathy wil provide experimental animal platform for relevant research.
OBJECTIVE:To establish a guinea pig model of diabetic cystopathy and to evaluate its urodynamic characteristics.
METHODS:Fifty short-hair Britain female guinea pigs were randomly divided into two groups, 42 as the experiment group and the other 8 as the control group. The experiment group was intraperitoneal y injected with streptozotocin to induce diabetes. The control group received injection of blank citric acid buffered solution. Diabetic guinea pigs were detected by urinary dynamics test at 9 and 12 weeks. Diabetic guinea pigs were further assigned into diabetic cystopathy subgroup and compensated subgroup. The urodynamic parameters of three groups were compared.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Twenty of 42 guinea pigs were successful y induced diabetes by the injection of streptozotocin. At 9 weeks after the injection, bladder function compensation was present in six diabetic guinea pigs while bladder function was decompensated in another three diabetic guinea pigs. At 12 weeks, bladder function compensation was present in one diabetic guinea pig, while another eight guinea pigs were confirmed with diabetic cystopathy (88.89%). In the diabetic cystopathy subgroup, the residual urine volume was increased (0.72±0.08) mL, maximal detrusor pressure was decreased (0.63±0.05) kPa, maximum bladder capacity was increased (2.01±0.05) mL, and bladder compliance was increased (0.34±0.04) mL/kPa. There were significant differences compared with the compensated subgroup and the control group (P<0.001). Diabetic cystopathy occurs at 12 weeks after diabetic models are successful y established in guinea pigs, and urodynamic changes are mainly the increase of residual urine volume.

Objective To research the expression and clinical significance of SALL 4 gene in cervical cancer .Methods The ex-pression of SALL4 in 56 samples of cervical cancer and 35 samples of normal cervical tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR ,and its relationship with the clinicopathological characteristics of cervical cancer was analyzed .Results The expres-sion of SALL4 mRNA was 2 .56 ± 0 .22 in cervical cancer tissues ,which was significantly higher than 0 .38 ± 0 .03 in the normal cer-vical tissues .the difference between them had statistical significance(t=58 .1 ,P<0 .01);the positive expression rate of SALL4 pro-tein was 80 .4% (45/56) in cervical cancer ,which was significantly higher than 11 .4% (4/35) in the normal cervical tissues (χ2 =41 .177 ,P<0 .01) .The positive expression of SALL4 in the cervical cancer tissues was correlated with the differentiation status of tumor ,which in the middle and high differentiation groups was lower than that in the low differentiation group (χ2 =4 .226 ,P=0 .039) ,but had no correlation with age ,International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage ,tumor size ,pathologi-cal type and lymph node metastasis(P>0 .05) .Conclusion SALL4 is highly expressed in the cervical cancer tissues and correlated with the tumor differentiation ,which might play an important role in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer .