The plasma histamine concentration was elevated from the control level of 1.16? 0.28ng/ml to 11.42?5.2ng/ml 2-5 min after intravenous injection of Serratia mar-cescens endotoxin,and then declined gradually.The level was still slightly higher than the control 4 h later. The plasma noradrenaline(NA)and adrenaline (Ad) concentrations were increased from the control value of 1.13?0.28ng/ml and 1.05 ?0.32ng/ml to 7.33?1.86ng/ml and 10.04? 3.94ng/ml respectively. Six h later they were still significantly elevated.Arterial blood pressure was reduced to 24.16%of the control level 2-5 min after injection and to 69.2% 6 h later.Both cardiac output and cardiac index were decreased, but the peripheral resistance was increased during endotoxin shock. The significant dilatation of arterioles, venules and capillaries of bulbar conjunctiva microcirculation occurred 1-2 min after endotoxin injection, and the blood flow slowed down at the same time.Five min - six h after endotoxin injection arterioles constricted markedly, but capillaries and venules were still congested and distended.From this study, the interrelationship of some changes in the development of endotoxin shock were discussed.Endotoxin caused the congestion in microcirculatiolelen, reduction of blood returning to the heart and reduced peripheral resistance owing to the histamine released in large amounts. Drastic drop in blood pressure resulted in the increase of NA and Ad release reflexly, which led to the constriction of arterioles, the increase of the peripheral resistance and the restoration of the blood pressure to some extent.Since venules and capillaries were distended and congested,blood pressure and cardiac output still remained at lower level all the time during endotoxin shock.

The neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) was produced consistently in rabbits by raising intracranial pressure (ICP) with an infusion of anticoagulat rabbit blood into subarachnoid space of the bilateral parietal regions. When ICP increased from 60mmHg to 140 mmHg, There was a rapid decrease in blood flow volume of the bilateral internal carotid arteries (ICABFV). At the same time, the frequency of cervical sympathetic discharge and the concentrations of plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline increased acutly accompanied by a rapid elevation of systemic arterial pressure (SAP). There was a decline in SAP and a further decrease in ICABFV and the animal died as ICP was sustained at 140mmHg for 5-20min. Autopsy revealed severe hemorrhagic pulmonary edema and the left ventricular and atrial enlargement. In the period of ICP rising, the NPE was prevented if SAP was kept at the baseline levels by withdrawing blood from femoral artery, The results suggest that decreased cerebral blood supply due to ICP rising is responsible for the massive sympathetic discharge and catecholamine release which contribute to SAP elevtion and left ventricular overload, the NPE is mediated by hemodynamic mechanism.

Objective To study the relationship between cell apoptosis and mRNA expression of c-fos and BNIPl in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Methods Cell apoptosis and mRNA expression of c-fos and BNIP1 in 48 SCCs and 41 BCCs were determined by TUNEL and in situ hybridization, respectively. Results Apoptosis index (AI) and c-fos mRNA expression in SCCs were higher than those in BCCs (P 0.05). AI was significantly higher in well-differentiated SCCs than in poorly differentiated SCCs (P

Objective To determine the current prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MS) among adult residents in Chinese developed areas.Methods The clinical data of 6614 adult residents,including 4051 women,from Guangdong and Jiangsu provinces from China Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study (2007-2008) were analyzed.Age and sex standardized prevalences of MS were calculated according to the criteria of Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS),US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ (ATP Ⅲ),International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and Joint Interim Statement (JIS),respectively.Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors of MS.Results Age and sex standardized prevalences of MS were 17.88％ (CDS),28.50％ (ATP Ⅲ),21.99％ (IDF) and 31.50％ (JIS),respectively.The prevalences of residents with at least one metabolic abnormality were 67.86％ (CDS) 79.56％ (ATP Ⅲ),79.62％ (IDF) and 80.74％ (JIS),respectively.MS was more common in female than in male by the ATPⅢ and IDF criterion (ATPⅢ:30.63％ vs 26.45％,P ＜0.01 ; IDF:26.04％ vs 17.91％,P ＜ 0.01),while the prevalence was higher in male by CDS criteria (15.94％ vs 19.87％,P ＜0.01).There was no significant difference in the MS prevalence between the rural and the urban residents.Kappa test showed ATP Ⅲ and JIS criteria were most homogenous (κ =0.95,P ＜ 0.01).The risk factors for MS by the logistic regression model were male,older age,lower degree of education,family history of hypertension and obesity,drinker as well as uncontrolled diet.Conclusion The prevalence of MS is high in the adult residents of Chinese developed areas (Guangdong and Jiangsu provinces),whatever diagnostic criterion was used.Effective measures should be taken to control the modifiable MS risk factors.

Objective To discuss the value of Visfatin in severity evaluation in patients with severe pneumonia via observation on the variations of the plasma level of Visfatin. Method Seventy subjects including 40 patients with severe pneumonia ( group A) and 30 patients with non-severe pneumonia (group B) admitted to the ICU of emergency department and general wards from June 2009 to June 2010, were enrolled in this prospective study, and another 30 healthy individuals from physical examinees were included as subjects in control group (group C). Patients with severe diseases of heart, brain and kidney, cancers, autoimmune disease, or under special treatment in latest one month were excluded. For the subjects of all three groups, the plasma levels of Visfatin, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were measured by using ELISA, while the level of CRP was assayed by using immunoturbidimetry, and the routine blood test was performed as well. The blood gas analysis and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ ( APACHE Ⅱ) were carried out in patients with pneumonia. Comparisons between groups were made by t-tests, ANOVA or nonparametric test. Correlation analysis was carried out by Pearson correlation coefficient or Spearman rank correlation test. Results The plasma level of Visfatin in patients with severe pneumonia (group A) was significantly higher than that in patients with non-severe pneumonia (group B) and in the control subjects (group C) (P < 0. 01) , and the level of Visfatin in pneumonia ( group B) and in control group (group C) , and that in group B was significantly higher than that in the controls (group C) (P <0. 01). In group A, the plasma level of Visfatin was positively correlated with CRP, TNF-α, APACHE Ⅱ and PMN% (rha =0. 653, r = 0.554, r = 0.558, r= 0.484, P <0. 05), while negatively correlated with PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 ( rha = -0.422, r= -0.543, P <0. 05). Conclusions Visfatin may be involved in the systemic inflammation response in severe pneumonia as a pro-inflammatory cytokine which is valuable in assessing the severity of pneumonia.

Objective:To investigate the changes of default network functional connectivity (FC) in resting state of patients with insomnia disorder (ID).Methods:Fifty-six patients with insomnia disorder and fifty healthy controls were recruited. All subjects were assessed with Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), insomnia severity index (ISI), Epworth sleepiness score (ESS) and Hamilton depression scale (HAMD-17). All subjects were scanned with resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). SPM12 and CONN18b were used to preprocess rs-fMRI data on MATLAB (R2013b).The medial superior frontal gyrus was defined as the seed point, and the differences in the functional connection strength of the two groups of subjects were compared. Pearson correlation analysis was performed between the FC value of the brain area with statistical significance and scores of PSQI and ISI.Results:(1)FC analysis showed that compared with the control group, patients with ID had abnormal default mode network (DMN) connection, as follows: FC of left medial superior frontal gyrus and left central anterior gyrus (MNI: x, y, z=-30, -15, 51) and anterior cingulate gyrus (MNI: x, y, z=-6, 24, 36), FC of right medial forehead between the last gyrus and the left central anterior gyrus (MNI: x, y, z=-48, -6, 48), FC of left anterior cuneiform and the left central back (MNI: x, y, z=-54, -18, 54) and left superior occipital gyrus (MNI: x, y, z=-21, -69, 30), FC of right precuneus and left central posterior gyrus (MNI: x, y, z=-60, -21, 48) was enhanced. The FC of left anterior cuneiform lobe and the right middle frontal gyrus (MNI: x, y, z=42, 33, 42) and the right angular gyrus (MNI: x, y, z=54, -51, 45), FC of right precuneus and left inferior temporal gyrus (MNI: x, y, z=-51, -12, -42) was weakened. (2)With the left medial superior frontal gyrus as the seed point, FC values in anterior cingulate gyrus ( r=0.451, 0.338, both P<0.01) and left anterior central gyrus ( r=0.324, 0.402, both P<0.05) were positively correlated with PSQI and ISI scores. With the right precuneus as the seed point, FC value of left posterior central gyrus was positively correlated with PSQI( r=0.333, P=0.013) and ISI scores( r=0.418, P=0.008), while FC value of left inferior temporal gyrus was negatively correlated with PSQI( r=-0.662, P=0.001) and ISI scores( r=-0.402, P<0.01).With the left precuneus as the seed point, FC value of left superior occipital gyrus was positively correlated with PSQI( r=0.438, P=0.001) and ISI scores( r=0.495, P=0.011). Conclusion:Patients with ID may have changes in the functional connection of multiple networks. The decrease of FC in DMN may be one of the potential causes of insomnia. The increase in FC between DMN and the visuospatial attention network may be the core of the mechanism of damage to the brain function network of insomnia link.

Objective To investigate the expressions of fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5)and dihydroli-poamide dehydrogenase(DLD)in skin lesions of symmetrical acrokeratoderma(SAK), and to explore their significance. Methods Biopsy specimens were obtained from skin lesions on the wrists and perilesional skin of 9 patients with SAK, and from normal skin in the wrists of 9 healthy volunteers (control group). Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR)and immunohistochemical staining were performed to measure the expressions of FABP5 and DLD in these specimens. Results RT-PCR showed no significant differences in the mRNA expressions of FABP5 or DLD between lesional, perilesional and normal control skin specimens(both P > 0.05). Immunohistochemically, there was a significant increase in the extent and intensity of staining for FABP5 in SAK lesions. Concretely speaking, FABP5 was strongly expressed in the stratum corneum, granular and spinous layers in SAK lesions, but weakly expressed in the stratum corneum, granular and spinous layers in perilesional skin, and only in spinous and basal layers in normal control skin. The expression of DLD decreased in SAK lesions, and was observed only in the stratum corneum and spinous layer in a few cases of SAK. However, the full-thickness epidermis stained positive for DLD in perilesional skin, with the nuclei and cytoplasm both stained deep brown. Conclusion The overexpression of FABP5 in SAK lesions may participate in dysdifferentiation of keratinocytes, while the down-regulation of DLD expression suggests an imbalance in energy metabolism.

Theexcretionofurinaryandplasmametabolitesofsalbutamolwasstudiedusingultrahigh performance liquid chromatography electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry, after a single intragastric gavaged dose administration with salbutamol. The software of Agilent MassHunter Metabolite ID was employed to find and identify the chemical structure of metabolites of salbutamol. Five metabolites from salbutamol were identified. Metabolites identified in swine urine included glucuronide conjugate salbutamol, N-oxide-salbutamol, hydroxyl-salbutamol, methoxyl-salbutamol and dehydrated hydroxyl-salbutamol. Whereas, only the parent drug, glucuronide conjugate salbutamol and dehydrated hydroxyl-salbutamol were observed in swine plasma.

Clinical and imageological characteristics of Paget's disease of bone in 7 patients who were treated in our hospital from 1991 to 2007 were analyzed. The data showed (1) 6 patients had the symptoms of bone pain and bone deformity, with more long bones involved; (2) Serum alkaline phosphatase was over normal range; (3) Imageology showed that osteoclasia was usually combined with bone sclerosis; (4) All the patients were treated with bisphosphonates; (5) 2 patients with serious bone deformity were treated with orthomorphia. Paget's disease of bone is a kind of metabolic bone disease with the characteristics of osteoclasia combined with bone sclerosis. The main features are bone pain and bone abnormality. Bisphosphonates are the first choice of drugs. Patients with serious bone deformity should be treated with orthomorphia.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of the road traffic accident (RTA) casualties in Shanghai in 2003.Methods.The characteristics of RTA casualties were analyzed retrospectively on the data of Public Security Bureau and other related information.Results There were 54 197 RTA cases in 2003 with 1 406 death and 11 178 injured.The incidence rate and fatality of RTA was 311.48/10~4 and 11.17% respectively.The vehicle or population injury rate and mortality were 64.24/10~4,8.08/10~4,83.31/10~5 and 10.48/10~5,respectively.The fatality of suburb was higher than that of urban.Most of the casualties were bicyclist,pedestrians and motorcyclist,ranged mainly from 21 to 50 years old. Head injury and multiple traumas were the leading cause of death.Conclusion The RTA related injury had become a public health problem.The key strategies to decrease the fatality and disability of RTA were to propagandize the traffic safety perception in citizen and enforce the construction of rescue system for RTA including the EMSS.