Objective To evaluate multi- slice spiral CT angiography (MSCTA) in diagnosing bronchial-pulmonary shunts (BPS). Methods The materials of MSCTA images in 31 patients with DSA-confirmed BPS were retrospectively analyzed. Taking DSA imaging as the reference standard, the consistency in diagnosing BPS at different levels between MSCTA and DSA was compared. Results On MSCTA using aorta-density trigger scanning technique BPS was manifested as wrong-time enhancement of pulmonary artery branches. Wilcoxon test indicated that MSCTA had a high concordance with DSA in detecting BPS occurring at sub-segmental (or above) pulmonary artery branches (Z = -1.854, P > 0.05), but MSCTA detection of BPS occurring at peripheral pulmonary arteries was obviously poorer than DSA (Z = -3.923, P < 0.05). MSCTA confirmed the diagnosis of BPS in 11 cases with a sensitive rate of 35.5% (11/31), and no differences in revealing the number and the shunt levels of BPS existed between DSA and MSCTA. The number of abnormal systemic arteries demonstrated by MSCTA was quite the same as the number detected by DSA. No false positive case was seen. Conclusion MSCTA is very effective in diagnosing high-flow BPS locating at sub-segmental (or above) pulmonary artery branches as well as in revealing abnormal bronchus-related systemic arteries, which is very helpful in preoperatively evaluating the severity of the BP shunting and the supplying arteries to be obstructed.

Objective To investigate the effect of soybean isoflavone on histology and uhrastructure of benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats.Methods Male SD rats were injected subcutaneously testosterone propionate for 28 d to induce prostatic hyperplasia,and the rats were divided into 5 groups:control group,model group,and 3 test groups with SI in a dose of 60 mg/(kg·d),120 mg/(kg·d) and 240 mg/(kg·d),respectively.The wet prostate weight,prostatic index,morphological,uhrastmetural and morphometrie changes of the prostatic shndular and interstitial tissues were observed.Results The prostate wet weight,prostatic index and prostatic volumes in all dose groups were significantly lower than those in the models.In comparison with the model group,height of prostatic epithelial cells,glandular average diameters,volumes and surface areas in unit volume,as well as glandular circumferences,glandular relative total volumes and interstitial relative total volumes were all significantly decreased.Glandular counts,density,ratio of glandular surface area to volume,and glandular average curvature were all increased.Conclusions Soybean isoflavone can inhibit prostatic hyperplasia in rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of equol on ERK mediated signal transduction pathway and to clarify its mechanism of proliferation inhibition on human ovarian carcinoma cell line SKOV-3. Method SKOV-3 cells were treated with 10-8,10-7,10-6,10-5,5?10-5,10-4 mol/L equol for 24,48 and 72h. After pretreatment with 10 ?mol/L U0126 an ERK signaling pathway inhibitor or ICI182,780,estrogen receptor inhibitors for 1h,then treatment with 50 ?mol/L equol for 2h,the cell viability was examined and the expressions of ERK and p-ERK protein were determined using Western blotting. Results Equol was demonstrated to inhibit SKOV-3,proliferation time-and dose-dependently. The expression of p-ERK protein was decreased in dose-dependent manner,while the expression of total ERK was unchanged. Both the single use of U0126,or ICI182,780,and combined with equol could decrease the expression of p-ERK protein. Conclusion Equol could inhibit proliferation in ovarian carcinoma cell lines SKOV-3. Its inhibitory effect appears to be due to down-regulation of p-ERK protein.

Objective To explore the difference of DNA methylation levels between normal Schwann cells (NSCs) and activated Schwann cells (ASCs) in rats. Methods The adult Wistar rats were received sciatic nerve ligation and fed for 7 days. The ASCs and NSCs were separated from ligated sciatic nerves and brachial plexus respectively. Immunocytochemical staining of S-100 antibody was used to identify the cells. The growth condition of cells was detected by CCK-8 method. Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-Seq) was applied to filter the differentially methylated regions in ASCs and NSCs. The distribution of differentially methylated genes related with axonal regeneration in chromosome was analyzed, and Gene ontology(GO)and PATHWAY analysis were also conducted. Results High purity of ASCs and NSCs were obtained successfully, which were both positive for S-100 antibody. In the same culture condition, ASCs showed a faster proliferation than that of NSCs. A total of 177 176 differentially methylated regions were found by MeDIP-Seq. Among them, 1 097 were located in the promoter (≤1 kb), 1 136 in the promoter (1-2 kb) and 567 on the CpG. After functional annotation of differentially methylated genes, 214 differentially methylated genes related with axonal regeneration were found in ASCs and NSCs. Compared with NSCs, 191 genes were up-regulated and 23 genes were down-regulated in ASCs. These genes were located on different chromosomes, most of which on chromosome 12 (22 genes) and the least on chromosomes M (2 genes). GO analysis indicated that the differential methylated genes were involved in axon growth, axon formation, axon elongation and axon guidance. The MAPK, cell adhesion molecules, Ras signaling pathway may be related with the differential methylated genes. Conclusion The methylation levels between ASCs and NSCs are significantly different, which are probably related with axon regeneration.

Abstrac:Objective To analyze the efficacy and safety of medpor-coated tear drain in lacrimal bypass surgery without skin incision. Methods The data of 7 patients(7 eyes) who underwent no skin incision of lacrimal bypass surgery with medpor-coated tear drain were ret-rospective reviewed. The operation result and complications were observed. Results All patients were followed up for 5~17 months. Com-plete or significant improvement of epiphora was achieved in 5 cases at the last follow-up. Complications included conjunctival granulation hy-perplasia (3 eyes),nasal mucosal granulation hyperplasia (2 eyes),and discomfort (4 eyes). Conclusion The lacrimal bypass surgery with medpor-coated tear drain could be expected to improve epiphora of refractory lacrimal obstruction. The main complications are granulation hyperplasia and discomfort.

Objective To explore the impact of broad antigen HLA-Bw4 on disease progression in HIV-1 infected subjects. Methods Three hundred and forty subjects chronically infected with HIV-1 and 69 HIV-1 negative subjects were recruited and HLA-B alleles were typed with sequence-based high resolution typing assay. HLA-Bw genotypes of these HIV-1 infected subjects were determined and their association with CD4+ T cell counts and viral loads were analyzed. Results Sixty-five HLA-B alleles were detected in HIV-1 positive subjects. Subjects with Bw4 (Bw4 homozygotes and Bw4Bw6 heterozygotes ) had higher CD4+ T cell counts ( P = 0. 004 ) and lower plasma viral load ( P = 0.003 ) than subjects without Bw4 ( Bw6 homozygotes). When compared with HIV-1 postive subjects with CD4+ T cell counts above 500 celis/μl, those with CD4+ T cell counts below 500 cells/μl were observed with decreased percentage of Bw4Bw6 heterozygote ( P =0.0002) and increased percentage of Bw6 homozygotes ( P < 0. 0001 ). There is no significant difference in CD4+ T cell counts between Bw4 homozygotes and Bw4Bw6 heterozygote, but lower viral loads were observed in Bw4Bw6 heterozygotes( P = 0. 037 ). Conclusion HLA-Bw4 can confer pretective effects on H1V-1 infected subjects by maintaining higher CD4+ T cell counts and lower viral load, the mechanism behind this effect need further exploration.

Objective To investigate the application of MRI in evaluation of the traumatic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) injury induced by type Ⅵ condylar fracture. MethodsMRI was performed in TMJs in 18 patients with type Ⅵ condylar fractures at days 3-14 post-injury and the MRI findings were analyzed. ResultsMRI findings of 18 patients with traumatic TMJ injury with 19 sides of type Ⅵ condylar fractures showed 15 sides of TMJ disk displacement,nine sides of capsule tear,16 sides of retrodiscal tissue tear (double-plate area) and 19 sides of joint effusion change. Conclusions MRI is very important in the diagnosis and evaluation of traumatic TMJ injury,since it can clearly display the TMJ injuries in type Ⅵ condylar fractures.Therefore,the clinical application of MRI is beneficial for selection of the therapeutic schedules.

OBJECTIVEThe mainstay of therapy in patients with septic shock is early and aggressive intravenous fluid resuscitation. However the type of intravenous fluid that would be ideal for managing septic shock has been intensely debated. In this study, the authors observed the effects of 3% hypertonic saline solution compared with normal saline solution as early fluid resuscitation in children with septic shock.

METHODIn this prospective study, 44 septic shock children seen in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics were enrolled from January 2012 to January 2014, of whom 33 were male and 11 were female. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: normal saline group (NS group, 24 patients) and 3% hypertonic saline group (HS group,20 patients). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups of patients in age, gender, pediatric critical illness score (PCIS), oxygenation index (OI = PaO2/FiO2), arterial lactate, initial hemodynamic parameters, serum sodium and treatment at time of admission. Patients in NS group received normal saline guided by standard therapy. Those in HS group received 6 ml/kg 3% hypertonic saline as a single bolus over 10 min to 15 min with a maximum of 2 boluses and other standard therapy. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), arterial lactate, oxygenation index, urine output, serum sodium, lactate clearance rate, PCIS, fluid infusion volume, vasoactive - inotropic score, mechanical ventilation time , as well as incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and 28 days in - hospital mortality were recorded for all patients.

RESULT(1) HR, MAP in both groups were significantly higher after infusion than those on admission. There were no significant difference in HR and MAP at 1h, 3h, 6h and 24h after infusion between NS group and HS group. (2) OI in HS group was significantly higher than that on admission at 3 hours after infusion [(321. 8 ± 50. 7) vs. (296. 5 ± 58. 2) mmHg, t = -2. 50, P = 0. 018 ]), and it was significantly higher at 24 hours after infusion in NS group (325. 7 ± 62. 6) vs. (304. 2 ± 70. 4) mmHg, t = -2.60, P=0.016]. There were no significant differences in OI at 1h, 3h, 6h and 24h after infusion between NS group and HS group. (3) At 1 hour after infusion, serum sodium in HS group was significantly higherthan that in NS group [(138.3 ± 3.8)vs. (135.0 ± 3.5) mmol/L, t=8.77, P=0.005], and then no significant difference at 3h, 6h and 24h after infusion between two groups. (4) At 6 hours and 24 hours after treatment, fluid infusion volume in HS group was markedly less than that in NS group [6 h: (39. 2 13. 9) vs. (60. 8 ± 22. 4) ml/kg, t = 14. 21, P =0. 000; 24 h: (102. 9 ± 27. 7) vs. (130. 6 ± 33. 2 ) ml/kg, t= 8. 85, P = 0. 005]. Urine output had not significant different between the two groups. (5) There were no significant differences in 24h PCIS, 24h lactate clearance rate, vasoactive - inotropic score and mechanical ventilation time between the two groups. The incidence of MODS (80. 0% in HS group, 70. 0% in NS group) and mortality rate(5. 0% in HS group, 8. 3% in NS group) were similar in both groups.

CONCLUSIONThe 3% hypertonic saline was effective as resuscitation fluid in pediatric septic shock with respect to restoration of hemodynamic stability without obvious side effects. Hypertonic saline could more rapidly improve oxygenation and need less fluid infusion volume compared with normal saline.

Arterial Pressure ; Child ; Female ; Fluid Therapy ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Male ; Multiple Organ Failure ; Prospective Studies ; Resuscitation ; Saline Solution, Hypertonic ; therapeutic use ; Shock, Septic ; therapy ; Sodium Chloride ; therapeutic use

Objective:To study the amino acid and codon usage profile of HIV-1 Env gene in donors whose serum exhibit highly broad cross-neutralizing activity. Methods:The samples were divided into highly broad cross-neutralizing activity group (hBCN + group) and non-highly broad cross-neutralizing activity group (hBCN - group) based on whether the neutralization breadth was higher than 90% or not. Full-length Env genes were amplified by single genome amplification (SGA) method from patients′ plasma samples, and the characteristics of Env sequences in hBCN + group were compared with hBCN - group. The correspondence analysis (COA) on relative amino acid usage (RAAU), adaptability to host based on similarity index D( A, B) and relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) values of Env genes (hBCN + and hBCN -) with respect to human host RSCU were analyzed. Results:Correspondence analysis showed that the RAAU data of hBCN + group and hBCN - group were distributed along the two main axes to form two relatively separated clusters, indicating that the Env genes of the two groups had relatively unique amino acid usage patterns; the similarity index calculation results showed that hBCN + group (0.097) was lower than the hBCN - group (0.102), in addition, the Env gene of the hBCN + group had less frequency of similarly selected codons with human host system compared to hBCN - group. Conclusions:Env genes in hBCN + group and hBCN - group may have relatively unique amino acid usage patterns, and virus strains in hBCN + group are less adaptable to the host than those in hBCN - group.

AIM: To investigate the antipyretic mechanism of Naoreqing (NRQ) oral liquid, a Chinese medicine. METHODS: ① Fever models of rabbits were established by intravenous. injection of endogenous pyrogen (EP). ② The antipyretic action of NRQ were observed. ③ cAMP contents in the hypothalamus (HP) and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: ① NRQ obviously reduced body temperature of febrile rabbits induced by EP (P