Chronic hyperglycemia is often accompanied by abnormal lipid metabolism, hypertension, low-grade systemic inflammation and oxidative stress.These factors increase the risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD)in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients.Comprehensive treatment of T2DM should emphasize the improvement of abnormal lipid metabolism, prevention of weight gain and reduction of the CVD risk in addition to proper glycemic control.Incretin, as a new hypoglycemic drug, has more advantages in improving glucose and lipid metabolism, finally to reduce cardiovascular risk.Through possible mechanisms including direct influence on liver lipid metabolism, change of fat mobilization and delay of gastric emptying, incretin shows positive influence on the lipid metabolic markers such as low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol, while it improves glucose control.Thus, incretin plays an important role in the comprehensive management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective To investigate the significance of homocysteine (Hcy) in pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (CHD) and the relationship among serum homocysteine , age, type of CHD and the branches of coronary arteriopathy. Methods In a cross sectional test, serum Hcy levels of 166 old cases (age≥60 years) and 161 non old cases(age

OBJECTIVE To investigate the drug-resistance of Enterobacter cloacae(ECL) and its carrying rate of gene encoding aminoglycosides modifying enzymes(AMEs).METHODS Totally 132 clinically isolated ECL strains were identified with VITEK-32.Their drug susceptibility was tested with K-B disc diffusion.The presence of ESBLs and AmpC was tested with three dimensional test.The genes encoding AMEs were detected with PCR and confirmed by sequence.RESULTS All strains of ECL were susceptible to IMP and MER.The resistance rate to AMK,LVX,FEP,CFS and CIP was 21.2%,35.6%,37.9%,46.2% and 48.5%,respectively with gradually increasing.Their resistance rate to other antibiotics ranged from 50.0% to 87.7%.Among 132 strains of ECL,45 strains producing ESBLs,accounted for 34.1%,27 strains producing AmpC,accounted for 20.5%,11 strains producing ESBLs and AmpC,accounted for 8.3% and 49 strains producing neither ESBLs nor AmpC,accounted for 37.1%.Seven strains without positive detection of ESBLs were resistant to CTX and CAZ,but carried the genes of resistance to TEM and SHV.The detection rate of genes encoding AMEs was about 62.1%,among which subtypes of aac(6′)-Ⅰb dominated with detection rate of 51.5%.Meanwhile the detection rate of subtype aac(3)-Ⅰ,aac(3)-Ⅱ,aac(6′)-Ⅱ,ant(3″)-Ⅰ,ant(2″)-Ⅰ and aph(3′)-Ⅵ was 15.9%,12.9%,18.9%,37.1%,6.8% and 9.8%,respectively.The detection rate of carrying more than two types of AMEs was about 89.0%.There were 5 strains of presenting phenotypic resistance without detection of genes encoding AMEs.CONCLUSIONS The clinically isolated ECL strains are not only severe resistant to drug and but also multi-drug resistant.The carrying rate of genes encoding ESBLs,AmpC and AMEs is higher than estimated which is the leading cause of resistance to antibiotics.

Objective·To compare the efficacy of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and conventional lung volume reduction surgery for the treatment of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with a meta-analysis.Methods·Randomized controlled trials (RCT) and non-randomized control studies of VATS (the VATS group) and conventional lung volume reduction surgery (the thoracotomy group) for treating patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were collected from databases,including Web of Science,EMbase,PubMed,the Cochrane Library,CNKI,CBM disc,WanFang Data,and VIP.The latest literature was published in November 2016.The assessment included the quality of literature and RevMan5.3 software was used to perform the meta-analysis.Results·Of 779 retrieved articles,12 studies involving 966 patients were included according to the inclusion criteria.The results of meta-analysis showed that the operation time of bilateral LVRS was longer in the VATS group than in the thoracotomy group,but the difference in the operation time of single LVRS between the two groups was not statistically significant.The difference in the duration of chest tube drainage for bilateral LVRS between the two groups was not statistically significant,while the duration of chest tube drainage for single LVRS was significantly shorter in the VATS group than in the thoracotomy group.The amount of intraoperative blood loss postoperative drainage was significantly smaller in the VATS group than in the thoraeotomy group.Postoperative pulmonary function and blood gas analysis showed that the 6 min walking distance was longer in the VATS group than in the thoracotomy group.The differences in FEV1 and PaO2 between the two groups were not statistically significant,as well as the difference in postoperative complications between the two groups.Conclusion·Comparing to conventional lung volume reduction surgery,Video-Assisted thoracic lung volume reduction surgery is a better choice.However,randomized control trials with higher quality and larger scale are required for verification this conclusion due to limitations of the quality and samples of these studies.

Background and purpose: With the application of laparoscopy in the liver surgery increasingly widely used, the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic liver resection is gaining recognition gradually. This study aimed to explore the laparoscopic liver resection for the tumor and the feasibility of open liver tumor resection and clinical curative effect. Methods: We retrospectively analysed the clinical data from 37 cases of laparoscopic hepatectomy and 74 patients with open liver resection from Mar. 2015 to Mar. 2016. Measurement data by covariance analysis were obtained, and comparison between groups were made using independent sample with Wilcoxon rank test and statistical value of Z. We collected data including operation time, intra-operative blood loss, post-operative recovery time of gastrointestinal tract, surgical drainage tube after extubation time, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications, hospitalization expenses and other clinical data. Laparoscopic group had 20 males and 17 female aged 18 to 76 (median age 55). Open group had 42 males and 32 females aged 26 to 74 (median age 54). The hepatectomy included ultrasonic knife + unipolar electric coagulation, combined with laparoscopic incision suture. Surgery procedures included 13 cases of local excision in laparoscopic group and 24 cases of liver segment or lobe anatomical resection. Open group had 33 cases of local excision and 41 cases of liver segment or lobe anatomical resection. Results: The average duration of laparoscopic hepatectomy was 149 min (40-204 min). The average duration of open hepatectomy was 142 min (45-190 min). The average intra-operative blood loss was 220 mL (30-570 mL) in laparoscopic group and 360 mL (90-970 mL) in open group. The average length of hospital stay was 4.9 d (3-6 d) in laparoscopic group and 6.8 d (5-9 d) in open group. Gastrointestinal average recovery time was 1.1 days in laparoscopic group and 2.3 days in open group. The average hospitalization expenses were 38760 yuan in laparoscopic group and 39145 yuan in open group. Conclusion:Laparoscopic hepatectomy is a safe, effective and minimally invasive surgery, can be safely used in local, liver segment and half liver resection, worthy of promotion.

father′s hypertension. Conclusion In addition to mother′s menses irregularity and father′s premature balding, father′s hypertension may also be an independent phenotype in families of women with PCOS.

Objective To explore the effects of no convulsions electric shock treatment on cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. Methods Sixty patients with schizophrenia from Jan 2012 to Apr 2014 were randomly divided into two groups. Observation group patients were treated with MECT and new anti-psychotic while control groups just with new anti-psychotic. The corresponding index were compared. Results The first treatment week: BANS scores of the observation group were significantly higher,while PANSS,TESS etc were significantly lower than the control group (vi-sual spatial structure was opposite) (P﹤0.05); Connect test completion time and errors numbers of control group were significantly lower than the one of observation group(P﹤0.05). One week after treatment:RBANS scores of observation group was significantly higher,while the PANSS, TESS scores were significantly lower than the control group(P﹤0.05);Connect test completion time of control group were significantly higher than the one of observation group. Conclusion Schizophrenia patients with non-convulsive electric shock treatment,have a greatly recovery,but the presence of cogni-tive function exist reversible injury.

Objective To compare combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) versus lumbar plexus-sciatic nerve block (LPSB) in elderly patients undergoing internal fixation of hip fractures.Methods Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ elderly patients,aged 66-94 yr,with body mass index of 15.2-28.0 kg/m2,scheduled for internal fixation of hip fractures,were randomly assigned into CSEA group and LPSB group using SPSS 18.0 software,with 30 patients in each group.In CSEA group,intrathecal catheter was successfully placed at L3,4 interspace,0.5％ hyperbaric bupivacaine 8-10 mg was injected into the subarachnoid space and then an epidural catheter was placed.In LPSB group,posterior lumbar plexus block was performed with 0.4％ ropivacaine 25-30 ml and parasacral sciatic nerve block with 0.4％ ropivacaine 15-20 ml.Dexmedetomidine 0.4-0.6 μg · kg-1 · h-1 was infused during the procedure to maintain the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale score of 3 or 4 in two groups.Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia was performed with sufentanil and lasted for 48 h.The anesthesia time,volume of intraoperative fluid infused,blood loss,consumption of dexmedetomidine,requirement for vasoactive agents,cardiovascular events,consumption of sufentanil within 24 and 48 h after surgery,rescue analgesia and postoperative adverse reactions were recorded.Results Compared with CSEA group,the anesthesia time was significantly prolonged,the volume of intraoperative fluid infused and consumption of ephedrine were reduced,the consumption of dexmedetomidine was increased,the incidence of bradycardia was decreased,the postoperative consumption of sufentanil was reduced,the rescue analgesia rate was decreased,and no significant change was found in the incidence of postoperative adverse events in LPSB group (P＞0.05).Conclusion LPSB can maintain hemodynamics stable and provide postoperative analgesic effect,with better anesthetic efficacy than CSEA when used for internal fixation of hip fractures in elderly patients.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of postoperative cardiovascular complica-tions in elderly patients with hip fracture during hospitalization.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted according to the medical records of 693 elderly patients with hip fracture admitted to our hospital from January,2005 to December,2015.There were 257 males and 436 females,aged 65-103 years and body mass index (BMI)16.5-33.1 kg/m2,ASA physical status Ⅱ-Ⅳ.The demo-graphic data,preoperative comorbidities,time before surgery,surgical types,anesthetic methods, operation time and blood loss were recorded.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the risk factors of postoperative cardiovascular complications in elderly patients with hip frac-ture during hospitalization.Results Postoperative cardiovascular complications occurred in 46 (46/693,morbidity:6.64%),including angina pectoris,arrhythmia,heart failure,myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death.Univariate analysis showed that the independent variables of postoperative cardiovascular complications were age,cardiac comorbidities,hypertention,diabetes mellitus,cere-brovascular disease,renal insufficiency and anesthetic methods (P < 0.05).Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age(OR=1.11,95% CI 1.06-1.17,P<0.001),cardiac comorbidi-ties (OR=1.98,95% CI 1.02-3.85,P=0.045),hypertention(OR=2.61,95% CI 1.23-5.51,P=0.012),diabetes mellitus (OR=2.06,95% CI 1.04-4.09,P=0.039),cerebrovascular disease (OR=2.14,95% CI 1.06-4.32,P=0.033)and renal insufficiency (OR=17.42,95% CI 3.69-82.80,P<0.001)were independent risk factors for postoperative cardiovascular complications in elderly patients with hip fracture during hospitalization.Conclusion Age,cardiac comorbidities,hy-pertention,diabetes mellitus,cerebrovascular disease and renal insufficiency are independent predictors for postoperative cardiovascular complications in elderly patients with hip fracture during hospitalization.

Objective:Based on the modified ultracentrifugation method, the outer membrane vesicles (OMV) secreted by Klebsiella pneumoniae were rapidly separated, identified and quantified. Methods:Standard strains of classic Klebsiella Pneumoniae (cKP) purchased from the Clinical Laboratory Center of the National Health Commission, and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) which was donated by Taiwan University were cultured in M9 basal media for 9 hours, and the OMV were extracted by modified ultracentrifugation. The shape and size of OMV were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), relative quantification by Stewart phospholipids analysis method. Two groups were compared using independent samples t test. Results:It was observed under the TEM that most of the OMV secreted by cKP and hvKP showed spherical vesicle structure and a small part were irregular. The diameter of OMV ranged from 20 to 250 nm, multiple vesicles could be seen in clusters. Relative quantification found that the number of OMV secreted by hvKP were more than cKP ( P<0.05). Conclusions:This study successfully achieved the extraction, identification and quantification of OMV from Klebsiella pneumoniae through the modified ultracentrifugation method, which provided a foundation for further study about the function and mechanism of OMV, and also provided new ideas for the treatment of bacteria. Based on the ultracentrifugation method, the OMV secreted by Klebsiella pneumoniae were rapidly separated and extracted, then identified and quantified.